题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
The Healthy Habits Survey shows that only about one third of American seniors have correct habits. Here are some findings and expert advice.1. How many times did you brush your teeth yesterday?
Finding:A full 33% of seniors brush their teeth only once a day.
Step:Remove the 300 types of bacteria in your mouth each morning with a battery-operated toothbrush.
Brush gently for 2 minutes, at least twice a day.
2. How many times did you wash your hands or bathe yesterday?
Finding:Seniors, on average, bathe fewer than 3 days a week. And nearly 30% wash their hands only 4 times a day----half of the number doctors recommend.
Step:We touch our faces around 3,000 times a day-often inviting germs(病菌)to enter our mouth, nose, and eyes. Use toilet paper to avoid touching the door handle. And, most important, wash your hands often with hot running water and soap for 20 seconds.
3. How often do you think about fighting germs?
Finding:Seniors are not fighting germs as well as they should.
Step:Be aware of germs. Do you know it is not your toilet but your kitchen sponge(海绵)that can carry more germs than anything else? To kill these germs, keep your sponge in the microwave for 10 seconds.
小题1:What is found out American seniors?
A.Most of then have good habits. |
B.Nearly 30% of then bathe three days a week. |
C.About one third of them brush their teeth only once a day |
D.All of then are fighting germs better than expected.. |
A.eight times a day | B.three times a day |
C.four times a day | D.twice a day |
A.We should keep from touching our faces. |
B.There are less than 300 types of bacteria in the mouth. |
C.A kitchen sponge can carry more germs than a toilet. |
D.We should wash our hands before touching a door handle. |
A.a guide book | B.a popular magazine |
C.a book review | D.an official document |
答案
小题1:C
小题2:A
小题3:C
小题4:B
解析
试题分析:本文是关于健康习惯的调查。在一天刷几次牙,洗手沐浴几次,以及多久考虑过和细菌战斗一次等方面,描述了一些美国老年人的习惯并给出了专家建议。
小题1:细节理解题。根据“A full 33% of seniors brush their teeth only once a day.”可知大约三分之一的美国老年人一天只刷一次牙,故选C。
小题2:细节理解题。根据“And nearly 30% wash their hands only 4 times a day----half of the number doctors recommend.”一天洗4次手是专家建议的一半,可知专家建议每天洗8次手。故答案选A。
小题3:细节理解题。根据“Do you know it is not your toilet but your kitchen sponge(海绵)that can carry more germs than anything else?”可知厨房里的海绵比任何其他东西(包括厕所)携带的细菌都多。所以C是正确的。
小题4:推理判断题。由文章内容可知,这是一份调查报告,是针对美国老年人的健康习惯所做的调查。这样的文章理应不会出现在 “ 旅游指南 ”“ 书评 ”“ 官方文件 ” 里,故排除 A、 C、 D。流行杂志做这样的调查报告很常见, 故选 B。
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核心考点
试题【The Healthy Habits Survey shows that only about one third of American seniors ha】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
The long-overdue regulations are aimed at reducing the estimated 3,000 deaths a year from foodbome illness. Just since last summer, outbreaks of listeria (李氏杆菌)in cheese and salmonella(沙门氏菌)in peanut butter, cantaloupe and mangoes have been linked to more than 400 illnesses and as many as seven deaths, according to the Centers for Disease Control. The actual number of those sickened is likely much higher.
The FDA’s proposed rules would require farmers to take new precautions against contamination (污染),to include making sure workers5 hands are washed, irrigation (灌溉) water is clean, and that animals stay out of fields. Food manufacturers will have to submit food safety plans to the government to show they are keeping their operations clean.
Many responsible food companies and farmers are already following the steps that the FDA would now require them to take. But officials say the requirements could have saved lives and prevented illnesses in some of the large-scale outbreaks that have hit the country in recent years.
In a 2011 outbreak of listeria in cantaloupe that claimed 33 lives ,for example, FDA inspectors found pools of dirty water on the floor and old, dirty processing equipment at the Colorado farm where the cantaloupes were grown. In a peanut butter outbreak this year linked to 42 salmonella illnesses ,inspectors found samples of salmonella throughout a New Mexico peanut processing plant and multiple obvious safety problems ,such as birds flying over uncovered trucks of peanuts and employees not washing their hands.
Under the new rules, companies would have to lay out plans for preventing those sorts of problems and how they would correct them.
“The rules go very directly to preventing the types of outbreaks we have seen/,said Michael Taylor, FDA’s deputy commissioner for foods.
小题1:The main task of FDA is probably______
A.to protect and promote the public health |
B.to help those sickened recover |
C.to research on food safety measures |
D.to deal with water pollution |
A.inspecting the whole process of food production |
B.improving food processing equipment on farms |
C.preventing water pollution in food production |
D.urging food companies to lay out plans |
A.Inspectors. | B.Farmers |
C.Manufacturers. | D.Workers. |
A.The new regulations should have come into practice earlier. |
B.The 2011 outbreak of listeria is the most serious ever. |
C.Farmers and food companies are strongly against the new rules. |
D.Colorado and New Mexico are worst hit by food pollution. |
Cutting carbon dioxide emissions could save millions of lives, mostly by reducing preventable deaths from heart and lung diseases, according to studies released Wednesday and published in a special issue of The Lancet, a British medical journal.
"Relying on fossil fuels leads to unhealthy lifestyles, increasing our chances of getting sick and in some cases takes years from our lives," US Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius said in a telecast briefing from her home state of Kansas. "As greenhouse gas emissions go down, so do deaths from cardiovascular(心血管) and respiratory(呼吸道) diseases. This is not a small effect."
Instead of looking at the health ills caused by future global warming, as past studies have done, this research looks at the immediate benefits of doing something about the problem, said Linda Birnbaum, director of the US National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.
Some possible benefits seemed highly speculative, the researchers conceded, based on people driving less and walking and cycling more. Other proposals studied were more concrete and achievable, such as reducing cook stoves that burn dung(粪便), charcoal and other polluting fuels in the developing world.
And cutting carbon dioxide emissions also makes the air cleaner, reducing lung damage for millions of people, doctors said.
"Here are ways you can attack major health problems at the same time as dealing with climate change," said lead author Dr. Paul Wilkinson, an environmental epidemiologist at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.
Wilkinson said the individual studies came up with numbers of premature deaths prevented or extra years of life added for certain places.
For example, switching to low-polluting cars in London and Delhi, India, would save 160 lost years of life in London and nearly 1,700 in Delhi for every million residents, one study found. But if people also drove less and walked or biked more, those extra saved years would soar to more than 7,300 years in London and 12,500 years in Delhi because of less heart disease.
小题1:What does the passage mainly talk about? _______.
A.How can people live longer? |
B.Cutting carbon dioxide emissions saves lives. |
C.Global warming threatens people’s lives. |
D.People should stop relying on fossil fuels. |
A.it focuses on the immediate benefits of cutting carbon dioxide emissions |
B.it studies the bad effects arising from future global warming |
C.it is believed by more people |
D.it mainly targets at developing countries |
A.sometimes it takes years to see the bad effects caused by consuming fossil fuels |
B.without greenhouse gas emissions, people would not die of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases |
C.the main reason why people get sick is that they rely on fossil fuels |
D.deaths from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases are closely related to greenhouse gas emissions |
A.Driving less |
B.Walking and cycling as much as possible. |
C.Stopping using fossil fuels |
D.Reducing the use of polluting fuels to cook. |
A.London and Delhi have already benefited from reducing greenhouse gas emissions |
B.switching to low-polluting cars would save 160 lives in London each year |
C.walking and biking instead of driving will reduce the chance of heart disease |
D.attacking health problems and dealing with climate change are contradictory |
The development of technology hasn"t done our eating habits much good either.We are constantly distracted by e-mail, social media, and 24 - hour news.Even when we do sit down for lunch, we are more connected to our hand - held electronic devices.
Long working hours can cause all kinds of health problems, and many developed countries have put in place labor laws specifically regarding the lunch break.These laws give employees the right to take a break during a long work shift, but it"s up to them whether they do so or not.
Frank Partnoy, a former Wall Street trader, says that employers should encourage workers to take time off for lunch.This is because long lunch breaks can benefit both individuals and society.
Writing in The Guardian, Partnoy says that one obvious reason to take a lunch break is to slow down and gain some perspective(认识). A break from work allows us to think strategically and outside the box.It also puts our daily tasks into a broader context(背景).
What we eat at lunch is also important.In Partnoy" s opinion, a fast food lunch is more harmful than not having lunch at all. And it"s not just about calories and unhealthy food.Recent studies show that fast food also has negative effects on how we think.
However, if we sit down at a proper restaurant and chat leisurely with colleagues, we are more likely to slow down, something that hardly can be achieved in a noisy and over — packed fast food chain.
Despite these benefits, some employees might still be unwilling to take time off for lunch.Partnoy"s suggestion? Make skipping lunch difficult: Employers could ask workers to fill out a form stating their reasons for skipping the meal.
小题1:What does the underlined phrase "skip lunch" mean in the first paragraph?
A.have a quick lunch | B.don"t have lunch |
C.work while having lunch | D.take a lunch break |
A.Modern technology results in good diet habits. |
B.Electronic devices make our life comfortable. |
C.Many people are too busy to have a good lunch. |
D.Laws have passed to make workers have lunch. |
A.are time for the workers to relax their mind |
B.make the employees work longer hours |
C.are for employees to have a quick lunch |
D.make the workers eat a proper lunch at home |
A.saves a lot of time for a rest |
B.affects people"s way of thinking |
C.is better than having no lunch |
D.makes workers sit down and think |
A.To warn us not to eat fast food. |
B.To introduce Frank Partnoy"s opinion. |
C.To encourage us to work more efficiently. |
D.To show the importance of a proper lunch. |
The research shows that a sedentary(久坐的) lifestyle is as bad for health as smoking and obesity, because of the dangers caused by inactivity and the greater opportunities it offers for unhealthy eating.
The researchers set out to calculate the overall risk to lifespan from watching television. Their research involved more than 11,000 people over the age of 25.
Writing in the British Journal of Sports Medicine, they concluded. "TV viewing time may be connected with a loss of life, which is similar to other major chronic disease risk factors such as physical inactivity and obesity."
The researchers, from the University of Queensland, used information from the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study, together with population and death rate data.
But they said: "Although we used Australian data, the effects in other industrialized and developing countries are likely to be similar, considering the large amounts of time spent watching TV and similarities in disease patterns." In the United Kingdom, the average amount of time spent watching TV is four hours a day, compared with five hours in the United States.
Earlier this year, a separate study suggested the risk of developing diabetes and heart disease, or dying early, rises by as much as 20 percent after just two hours a day in front of the box.
England"s Chief Medical Officer, Sally Davies, said: "Physical activity offers huge benefits and these studies back what we already know - that a sedentary lifestyle carries additional risks. We hope these studies will help more people realize that there are many ways to get exercise."
小题1:We can learn from the passage that .
A.whether you watch TV or not has nothing to do with how long you will live |
B.if an adult watches TV for six hours every day, he will probably die five years earlier |
C.physical inactivity and obesity won"t shorten your life |
D.a sedentary lifestyle offers huge benefits. |
A.The longer one watches TV every day, the shorter he lives. |
B.The conclusion of the study is unbelievable because it"s based on Australian data. |
C.Watching TV does greater harm to health than smoking and obesity |
D.Watching TV harms children as much as adults. |
A.People in the United Kingdom watch TV longer than those in the United States. |
B.That a sedentary lifestyle carries additional risks isn"t supported by other studies. |
C.Watching TV for two hours a day will increase the risk of illnesses or dying early by 20%. |
D.Australian data is much different from that of other countries. |
A.inform the readers of a research on watching TV |
B.tell the readers large amounts of people often watch TV |
C.tell the readers watching TV is also a good way to relax |
D.warn the readers of the harm of watching TV and hope that they do sports |
It is interesting to point out that many color-blind people don’t even realize that they are color-blind, they don’t know that the colors they are seeing and naming are not the actual colors that people with normal vision can see. This can be dangerous when a color-blind person confuses the red and green of a traffic light.
Color blindness is thought to be inherited(遗传)and although doctors have tested color blindness, there is no cure to treatment for it.
小题1:There are four cards here, and each has two colors. Which card’s colors do you think a color-blind person can tell correctly?
A.Red, Green | B.Green, Yellow | C.Red, Brown | D.Brown, Yellow |
A.always knows how color-blind he is |
B.often gives the wrong name of colors |
C.see everything as the same color |
D.can hardly see something of strong colors |
A.it is crowded |
B.it is a dark night |
C.there are no traffic lights at the cross of the streets |
D.the traffic light turns red |
A.his old age |
B.his poor eyesight |
C.his parents or grandparents |
D.his living condition |
A.have found a way to prevent a person from getting color-blind |
B.have found a way to free a person from his color blindness |
C.have been able to tell whether a person is color-blind or not |
D.have made it quite clear the cause of color blindness |
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