题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
In such a world, persuasion is the art of getting others to give fair and favorable consideration to our points of view. When we persuade, we want to influence how others believe and behave. We may not always prevail — other points of view may be more persuasive, depending on the listener, the situation, and the merit of the case. But when we practice the art of persuasion, we try to ensure that our position receives the attention it deserves.
Some people, however, object to the very idea of persuasion. They may regard it as an unwelcome interruption into their lives. Just the opposite, we believe that persuasion is unavoidable — to live is to persuade. Persuasion may be ethical or unethical, selfless or selfish, inspiring or degrading. Persuaders may enlighten our mind or prey on our vulnerability. Ethical persuasion, however, calls on sound reasoning and is sensitive to the feelings and needs of listeners. Such persuasion can help us apply the wisdom of the past to the decisions we now must make. Therefore, the most basic part of education is learning to resist the one kind of persuasion and to encourage and practice the other.
Beyond its personal importance to us, persuasion is necessary to society. The right to persuade and be persuaded is the bedrock of the American political system, guaranteed by the First Amendment to the Constitution.
小题1:According to the passage, persuasion means ________.
| A．changing others’ points of view |
| B．exercising power over other people |
| C．getting other people to consider your point of view |
| D．getting people to agree with you and do what you want |
| A．win | B．fail | C．speak | D．listen |
| A．a danger to society | B．difficult to do well |
| C．unwelcome behavior | D．never successful |
| A．how people persuade |
| B．why people persuade |
| C．that persuasion is both good and bad |
| D．that persuasion is important and it is all around us |
答案
小题1:C
小题2:A
小题3:C
小题4:D
解析
试题分析: 本文说明了在我们日常生活中，劝说很重要，这样可以让别人接受我们的观点，但是有时别人的观点更好，我们就不会赢了。但有人不喜欢劝说，因为这是不受欢迎的行为。
小题1:细节题，由第二段第一句In such a world, persuasion is the art of getting others to give fair and favorable consideration to our points of view.可以知道说服就是让别人考虑你的观点，故选C。
小题2:猜词题。由第二段第四行other points of view may be more persuasive, depending on the listener, the situation, and the merits of the case.可以推出其他人的观点可能更加有说服力，我们不会赢，prevail 和win意思相近，所以选A。
小题3:细节题，由第三段第二行They may regard it as an unwelcome interruption into their lives.可以知道有人不喜欢劝说，因为这是不受欢迎的行为，所以选C
小题4:推理题，由第一句话What does it mean to say that we live in a world of persuasion? It means that we live among competing interests.可知本文的主要意思“在我们日常生活中，劝说很重要，在我们身边无处不在”，所以选D
核心考点
试题【What does it mean to say that we live in a world of persuasion? It means that we】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
Family Meals
Family meals are comforting for both parents and kids. Children like to guess what they are going to have and parents get the chance to introduce new food to children and to find out which food they like and which ones they don’t.
Teens may turn up their noses at your plan of a family meal. It is not surprising because they’re trying to establish independence. Yet studies find that teens still want their parents’ advice, so use the mealtime as a chance to reconnect.
Stocking up (储备) on healthy food
Kids, especially younger ones, will eat mostly what they can get at home. That’s why it’s important to control the supply lines — the food which you serve for meals and have on hand for snacks. You should have enough fruits, vegetables, lean meat and other good sources of protein, such as eggs and nuts, and healthy snacks, such as yogurt, peanut butter and whole-grain biscuits.
Being a good example
The best way for you to encourage healthy eating is to eat well yourself. Kids will follow the lead of the adults they see every day. By eating fruits and vegetables and avoiding fast food and sugary drinks, you’ll be sending the right message.
No conflicts over food
Parents might find themselves shouting at children to get them to have healthy food in front of them. This in fact can make children dislike what they are aske d to eat.
Get kids included
Most kids will enjoy making the decision about what to make for dinner. Talk to them about making choices and planning a balanced meal. It can help them make good decisions on their own about the food they want to eat.
小题1:Family meals provide the chances for parents to do the following things EXCEPT ________.
| A．guessing what kids are going to have |
| B．finding what kids like and dislike |
| C．introducing new food to kids |
| D．reconnecting with kids |
| A．Being dealt with. |
| B．Out of one’s reach. |
| C．Made by persons instead of machines. |
| D．Close by and ready when needed. |
| A．Form a healthful eating habit themselves. |
| B．Force kids to have vegetables. |
| C．Stock up on some fruits at home. |
| D．Make meal plans with kids. |
| A．Eat healthily |
| B．What is a healthy meal |
| C．Help kids form healthy eating habits |
| D．How to grow up healthily |
Another way is by mowing lawn in summer and clearing snow from sidewalks and driveways in winter. Many people mow their own lawns，but often people prefer to give the job to a neighbor’s child. In winter, snow clearing from streets and highways is the government’s responsibility. Homeowners or tenants, however, must clear sidewalks and driveways. Since clearing snow is very tiring, many people prefer to hire teenagers for this job rather than do it themselves.
Besides, many American teenagers usually work two to three hours after school and all day on Saturday or Sunday at the local supermarket. They work as cashiers or stockroom clerks. Or they help customers carry things to their cars. Other favorite jobs are waiting on tables in restaurants or working part-time at stores or gas stations.
By earning their own allowance，teenagers acquire a feeling of independence and a sense of responsibility which prepares them for a productive life in society.
小题1:What does “babysitting” mean in the first paragraph?
| A．Watching a baby when its parents are out. | B．Working as a maid. |
| C．Sitting with a baby. | D．Selling something. |
| A．By mowing lawn in summer. |
| B．By clearing snow from sidewalks and driveways in winter. |
| C．By working two to three hours after school and all day on Saturday or Sunday. |
| D．By doing some housework for the family. |
| A．Hire teenagers for this job rather than do it themselves |
| B．They do it themselves. |
| C．They hire their own children to do so |
| D．They don’t clean it at all. |
| A．They acquire a feeling of independence. |
| B．They acquire a sense of responsibility. |
| C．The actions prepare them for a productive life in society. |
| D．All of the above. |
| A．The inhabitants. | B．The neighbors |
| C．The government. | D．The police. |
A survey by Parship, a British branch of Europe’s largest dating service with more than 1.5 million members, says that 65 percent of the 5.4 million Britons looking for a relationship used online dating services last year.
A spokeswoman for Relate, the relationship advisor, confirmed that a figure of two third feel it all right. “Doing it online allows people quite a lot of privacy, because they can do a bit of quiet research and look around from the comfort of their own home. You don’t have to meet a middleman or go to an actual dating agency office, which takes a lot of courage,” she said.
There are more than 100 independent online dating agencies in Britain. Parship says that 50 percent of single people believe they will meet a suitable partner through the Internet, up from 35 percent six months ago.
Mary Balfour, the founder, says that the Internet has changed the dating industry completely. “It’s like a return to old-fashioned love letters,” she said. “You don’t base your initial judgment on how someone looks or what his or her figure is like. You e-mail or talk before you actually see each other. Everybody you know who is single these days has at least had a good look at a dating website, introduction agency or personal ad. They have to, because all the old matchmaking institutions have gone. People work harder, settle down later and live more isolated lives. They’re much more likely to end the day with a DVD and a can of beer than by going to a village dance.”
小题1:Singles in Britain can look for love online mainly because of ________.
| A．Parship | B．the help of go-betweens |
| C．technology | D．the revolution of dating game |
| A．1.5 million | B．3.5 million | C．5.4 million | D．65 million |
| A．don’t need to do any research at all |
| B．have to meet first before they can e-mail each other |
| C．don’t have to find a go-between. |
| D．must go to an actual dating agency office first |
| A．not all single people believe the Internet can help them find their partners |
| B．looking for love online needs a lot of courage |
| C．old-fashioned love letters become popular again |
| D．single people don’t like to look for their partners online. |
The word "critical" here has a special meaning. It does not mean taking one view against another view, as when someone criticizes another person for doing something wrong. The nature of critical thinking is thinking beyond the easily seen—beyond the pictures on TV, the untrue reports in the newspapers, and the faulty reasoning (错误的推理).
Critical thinking is an attitude as much as an activity. If you are curious about life and desire to dig deeper into it, you are a critical thinker; if you find pleasure in deep thinking about different ideas, characters, and facts, you are a critical thinker.
Activities of the mind and higher-order reasoning are processes of deep and careful consideration. They take time, and do not go hand in hand with the fast speed in today"s world, fast foods, instant coffee, and self-developing film. If you are among the people who believe that speed is a measure of intelligence, you may learn something new from a story about Albert Einstein. The first time Banish Hoffman, a scientist, was to discuss his work with Albert Einstein, Hoffman was too nervous to speak. But Einstein immediately put Hoffman at ease by saying, "Please go slowly, I don"t understand things quickly."
小题1:Critical thinking is important to us because if we do not think critically,__________.
| A．it will be hard for us to think naturally and fast |
| B．we will follow the ideas of others naturally |
| C．we might be controlled by other people"s ideas |
| D．we might be fooled by other people"s ideas |
| A．criticize other people for their mistakes | B．trust the reports in the newspapers |
| C．take one view against another view | D．think deeply about different ideas |
| A．the smarter you are, the faster you do things |
| B．intelligence is not decided by speed |
| C．speed can improve intelligence |
| D．the faster you do things, the smarter you become |
| A．Understanding Critical Thinking | B．Thinking and Critical Thinking |
| C．Thinking Natural and Human | D．Thinking Fast Means Intelligence |
In rejecting exercise, some people may be discouraged too much by caloric-expenditure（热量消耗）charts; for example, one would have to quickly walk hard three miles just to work off the 275 calories in one delicious Danish pastry(小甜饼). Even exercise professionals accept half a point here. "Exercise by itself is a very tough way to lose weight," says York Onnen, program director of the President"s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports.
Still, exercise"s supporting role in weight reduction is vital. A study at the Boston University Medical Center of overweight police officers and other public employees confirmed that those who dieted without exercise regained almost all their old weight, while those who worked exercise into their daily routine maintained their new weight.
If you have been sedentary (极少活动的) and decide to start walking one mile a day, the added exercise could burn an extra 100 calories daily. In a year"s time, assuming no increase in food intake, you could lose ten pounds. By increasing the distance of your walks gradually and making other dietary adjustments, you may lose even more weight.
小题1:What is said about the average American in the passage?
| A．They tend to hate "light" beer and low-calorie bread. |
| B．They usually ignore the effect of exercise on losing weight. |
| C．Most of them were combining exercise with their diet. |
| D．They know the actors that play a positive role in keeping down body weight. |
| A．agree that the calories in a small piece of pastry can be easy to work off by exercise |
| B．partially believe diet plays a supporting role in weight reduction |
| C．are not fully convinced that dieting can help maintain one"s new weight |
| D．are not sufficiently informed of the positive role of exercise in losing weight |
| A．Controlling one"s calorie intake is more important than doing exercise. |
| B．Even occasional exercise can help reduce weight. |
| C．Weight reduction is impossible without exercise. |
| D．One could lose ten pounds in a year"s time if there"s no increase in food intake. |
| A．To stress the importance of maintaining proper weight. |
| B．To support the statement made by York Onnen. |
| C．To show the most effective way to lose weight. |
| D．To introduce the study of the Boston University Medical Center. |
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