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Humankind has tried to improve its standard of living since the very beginning of civilization. Back then, as well as today, providing food and security was the basic task for a person. However, nowadays the range of required goods has expanded significantly. People feel the need for not only some primary things, such as a piece of bread and a roof over their heads, but also for various facilities and luxuries. Providing humanity with these things is connected to the use of natural resources, which requires energy. In turn, the common sources of energy we use today cause pollution, so economic growth is almost inevitably associated with environmental damage.
Economic growth is the increase in numbers of goods and services produced over time by an economy, and it"s calculated in terms of real Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Before growth is calculated, inflation(通货膨胀) is adjusted in order to take into account its misleading effect on the price of goods and services. Economic growth can also be explained as the increase in expected output, which results from an increase in actual output, or total demand.
There are certain aspects of economic growth which affect the environment. The first of these is the fact that in order to produce more goods and products, at a faster rate, the construction of large industrial plants is required. These plants produce a lot of waste, leading to the pollution of water and the atmosphere, which may cause negative long- term health effects to nearby populations of animals, or people. They also lead to global warming.
Industrial manufacturing leads to the constantly increasing energy consumption. The traditional energy sources, which are commonly used nowadays, are considered to be the greatest polluters to the environment. There also exist so-called eco-friendly sources of energy. They are sometimes preferred but replacing the traditional sources with them also requires time, during which people have to make some sacrifices to support these undertakings.
In order to produce economically practical energy, a sometimes significant transformation of the natural site is often inevitable. This is expensive and, has harmful effects on the environment. Application of wind energy would Block airflows" natural speed, which is the reason for their decrease in strength, after crossing the windmill. Consequently, the pressure balance that is brought about by this current will be affected, and it is important to remember that the environment and weather conditions are directly affected by atmospheric pressure.
For these reasons, bringing about economic growth without resulting in any environmental damage is impossible.
小题1:What does the passage mainly talk about?
A.Pollution caused by plant construction
B.Effects of windmills on the environment
C.Economic growth and human civilization
D.Economic growth and environmental damage
小题2:According to the passage, the author holds the opinion that ____.
A.economic growth should be calculated in terms of GDP
B.use of natural resources causes no damage to the environment
C.industrial manufacturing may cause damage to the environment
D.a windmill is a perfect way to produce economically practical energy
小题3:Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?

CP (Central Point)     P (Point)      Sp (Sub-point次要点)    C (Conclusion)
答案

小题1:D
小题2:C
小题3:B
解析

试题分析:本文论述了开始时人们觉得需要一些初级的东西,如一片面包和一个栖身之所,但随着时间的推移人们也有要各种设施和奢侈品的愿望。提供人类这些东西就关系到使用自然资源,这就需要能量。反过来,人们开发了常能源,发展了经济却造成了污染,所以经济增长几乎是不可避免地与环境破坏有关。
小题1:主旨大意题。根据全文的内容来看主要是论述的经济的增长和环境的破坏之间的关系,故选D。
小题2:作者观点题。根据These plants produce a lot of waste, leading to the pollution of water and the atmosphere, which may cause negative long- term health effects to nearby populations of animals, or people. They also lead to global warming. 工业生产可能会导致对环境的破坏,故选C。
小题3:细节理解题。根据全文的结构总说—两个分论点—其中的一个有阐述了三个方面---结论,故选B。
点评:做此类题目时,首先要搞清是问某一段还是全文的大意,可利用文中主要信息来把握文脉,进行综合归纳,概括文章的主题。如有标题,标题中的蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。另外,任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的,因此,许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词,即高频词,也叫做主题词。抓住了它,便容易抓住文章的中心。
核心考点
试题【Humankind has tried to improve its standard of living since the very beginning o】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
The Production Department can be a fun place to work in a TV station. It can also be quite stressful if the station broadcasts a significant amount of live programming. There can be a number of interesting positions in this department. Here is a list of the core ones:
The Production Manager heads the department, and is the person to contact if you are interested in working in this area. He or she oversees all activities in the studios, hires and fires workers, meets with customers who want to produce an advertisement, and monitors expense budgets for the department. The person in this position may also sometimes act as a Director, Producer, Camera Operator, or any other role in which they are proficient.
Directors lead the crew during a production session. Over a headset, the Director tells Camera Operators what shots to get and the Technical Director (TD) what audio and video to put on the air. Directors work closely with the Producer of each program, ensuring that the final product meets with the Producer’s demands.
A Technical Director is a master at “punching” up the correct video source. In other words, if the Director calls for camera one, the Technical Director puts camera one on the air. The TD sits in front of a massive board called a “swicher” during production sessions, which allows him or her to literally switch between video sources. Since this can be a high-pressure, fast-moving job, the best Technical Directors are people who can stay even-tempered and in control.
The Stage Manager is responsible for everything that goes on in the television studio. This person makes sure all of the equipment is in good working order, oversees the building and placement of all staging, and may even set the lighting for all productions. Really efficient Stage Managers take pride in their studios, and it would not be unusual to see this person sweeping the floor or cleaning the sets between productions. This is a leadership position, which often leads to promotion to the position of Production Manager.
小题1:According to the writer, working in the Production Department _______.
A.is an interesting experience
B.is always very stressful
C.needs much professional knowledge
D.is the best choice to work in a TV station
小题2:The Production Manager ______.
A.seldom takes part in producing programs
B.is also called “Producer”
C.usually trains new workers in person
D.is responsible to deal with advertisers
小题3:The Technical Director _______.
A.decides what shots to get
B.works closely with the Producer
C.meets the demands of Camera Operators
D.carries out the orders by the Director

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
In western countries, especially in America, some social customs have lasted still today. For example, ladies first, that is to say, women in those countries are respected(尊重) in many ways.
In the U.S. and Europe, you will see men usually open doors for women and women generally walk ahead of men into a room or a restaurant unless the man have to be ahead of the ladies to choose the table, to open the door of a car or to give other services. On the street, men almost walk or across the street on the side of the ladies which is closer to traffic, but if a man walks with two ladies, he should walk between them.
小题1:In this passage, “customs” especially refers to _______.
A.what a group of people usually do
B.what people in western countries do
C.what people in eastern countries do
D.what people in united states do
小题2:When you introduce a group of people in English, you will probably begin with  _____.
A.Men and womenB.Women and men
C.Gentlemen and ladies D.Ladies and gentlemen
小题3:In which country people may think it strange that men should open doors for women?
A.EnglandB.ItalyC.JapanD.Germany
小题4:Which of the following statements is not true?
A.In Europe, a man generally follows a woman when they enter a restaurant together.
B.In America a man who walks ahead of a women always gives services.
C.In the U.S, women almost always walk closer to the running cars.
D.In the U.S, men should always walk by the side of the ladies.
小题5:Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of this passage?
A.In western countries, some social customs have lasted till today.
B.Women in western countries are respected in many ways.
C.Men usually open doors for women in the U.S. as well as in Europe.
D.Men show respect for women by giving them good services.

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
To take the apple as a forbidden fruit is the most unlikely story the Christians (基督教徒) ever cooked up. For them, the forbidden fruit from Eden is evil. So when Colu brought the tomato back from South America, a land mistakenly considered to be Eden, everyone jumped to the obvious conclusion. Wrongly taken as the apple of Eden, the tomato was shut out of the door of Europeans.
What made it particularly terrifying was its similarity to the mandrake, a plant that was thought to have come from Hell. What earned the plant its awful reputation was its roots which looked like a dried-up human body occupied by evil spirits. Though the tomato and the man were quite different except that both had bright red or yellow fruit, the general population considered them one and the same, too terrible to touch.
Cautious Europeans long ignored the tomato, and until the early 1700s most of the Western people continued to drag their feet. In the 1880s, the daughter of a well-known plant expert wrote that the most interesting part of an afternoon tea at her father"s house had been the "introduction of this wonderful new fruit -- or is it a vegetable?" As late as the twentieth century some writers still classed tomatoes with mandrakes as an "evil fruit".
But in the end tomatoes carried the day. The hero of the tomato was an American named Robert Johnson, and when he was publicly going to eat the tomato in 1820, people journeyed for hundreds of miles to watch him drop dead. "What are you afraid of?" he shouted. "I"ll show you fools these things are good to eat!" Then he bit into the tomato. Some people fainted. But he survived and, according to a local story, set up a tomato-canning factory.
小题1:The tomato was shut out of the door of early Europeans mainly because _______.
A.it made Christians evilB.it was the apple of Eden
C.it came from a forbidden landD.it was religiously unacceptable
小题2:What can we infer from the underlined part in Paragraph 3?
A.The process of ignoring the tomato slowed down.
B.There was little progress in the study of the tomato.
C.The tomato was still refused in most western countries.
D.Most western people continued to get rid of the tomato.
小题3:What is the main reason for Robert Johnson to eat the tomato publicly?
A.To make himself a hero.
B.To remove people"s fear of the tomato.
C.To speed up the popularity of the tomato.
D.To persuade people to buy products from his factory.
小题4:What is the main purpose of the passage?
A.To challenge people"s fixed concept of the tomato.
B.To give an explanation to people"s dislike of the tomato.
C.To present the change of people"s attitudes to the tomato.
D.To introduce the establishment of the first tomato-canning factory.

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
( A )
There are fifty states in the United States. The largest in population is California, the largest in area is Alaska. Alaska is the smallest in population and Rhode Island is the smallest in size. The oldest states are the ones along the Atlantic coast. The newest states are Alaska and Hawaii. Alaska is also the coldest state. California and Florida are the warmer. Henry and his family live in Seattle, a big city, on the Pacific coast. But Los Angeles and San Francisco, also on the Pacific coast, are larger than Seattle. Henry"s cousin, Susan, lives in New York. It is the largest city in the United States. Thousands of people visit New York each year. The most important city in the United States is Washington, D. C. It is the capital, but it is much smaller than New York.
小题1:How many states are there in the U. S. A. ?
A. Five    B. Forty- Five.    C. Fifty    D. Fifteen.
小题2:Which state is the largest in population?
A.California.B.Rhode-Island.
C.AlaskaD.Los Angeles.
小题3:Which state is the newest, and the smallest in population?
A.Rhode Island.B.Seattle.C.San Francisco.D.Alaska.
小题4:Which of the following is true?
A.The oldest states are the ones along the Pacific coast.
B.Washington is the most important and the largest city.
C.New York is the largest city in the United States.
D.Henry"s cousin lives in the Seattle.
小题5:Why is Washington, D. C. the most important American city?
Because _________.
A. it is the largest city            B. it is the largest in population
C. it is the most beautiful city      D. it is the capital of the United States
题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
( B )
“Cool”is a word with many meanings.Its old meaning is used to express a temperature that is a little bit cold.As the world has changed,the word has had many different meaning.
“Cool”can be used to express feelings of interest in almost anything.
When you see a famous car in the street,maybe you will say,“It’s cool.”You may think“He’s so cool,”when you see your favourite footballer.
We all maximize(扩大) the meaning of“cool”.You can use it instead of many words such as “new” or “surprising”.Here’s an interesting story we can use to show the way the word is used.A teacher asked her students to write about the waterfall(瀑布)they had visited.On one student’s paper was Just the one sentence,“It’s so cool.Maybe he thought it was the best way to show what he saw and felt.
But the story also shows a scarcity(缺乏)of words.Without “cool”,some people have no words to show the same meaning.So it is quite important to keep some credibility(可信性).Can you think of many other words that make your life as colourful as the word “cool”? I can.And I think they are also very cool.
小题1:We know that the word“cool”has had ________.
A.only one meaningB.no meanings
C.many different meaningsD.the same meaning
小题2:In the passage,the word“express”in second paragraph means“________”.
A.seeB.showC.knowD.feel
小题3:If you are _______ something,you may say,“It’s cool.”
A.interested inB.angry about
C.afraid ofD.unhappy with
小题4:The writer takes an example to show he is ________ the way the word is used.
A.pleased withB.strange to
C.worried aboutD.careful with
小题5:In the passage,the writer suggests(暗示)that the word “cool”________.
A.can be used instead of many words
B.usually means something interesting
C.can make your life colourful
D.may not be as cool as it seems

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
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