A recent study, which was published in last week’s Journal of the American Medical Association, offers a picture of how dangerous it is to get a lift from a teenage driver. Indeed, a 16-year-old driver with three or more passengers has three times the possibility of a serious accident, compared with a teenager driving alone.
The authors also found that the death rates for teenage drivers increased greatly after 10 p.m., and especially after midnight. With passengers in the car, the driver was even more likely to die in a late-night accident.
Robert Foss, a scientist at the University of North Carolina Highway Safety Research Center, says the higher death rates for teenage drivers have less to do with “really stupid behavior” than with just a lack of driving experience. “The basic issue is that adults who are responsible for giving out licenses fail to recognize how complex and skilled driving is.” he says.
Both he and the author of the study believe that the way to mitigate (使缓解) the problem is to have states set up so-called graduated licensing systems, in which getting a license is a process with several stages. A graduated license requires that a teenager first prove himself able to drive in the presence(在场)of an adult, followed by a period of driving with night of passenger restrictions (限制) before graduating to full driving rights.
Graduated licensing systems have reduced teenage driver crashes, according to recent studies.
小题1:Which of the following situations is most dangerous according to the passage?| A．Adults giving a lift to teenagers on the highway after 10 p.m. | | B．Adults driving with three or more teenage passengers late at night. | | C．A teenager driving after midnight with passengers in the car. | | D．A teenager getting a lift from a stranger on the highway at midnight. |
小题2:According to Robert Foss, the high death rate of teenage drivers is mainly due to _______.| A．their frequent driving at night | B．their lack of driving experience | | C．their wrong way of driving | D．their driving with passengers |
小题3:According to Paragraph 3, which of the following statements is TRUE?| A．Teenagers should spend more time learning to drive. | | B．Driving is a skill too complex for teenagers to learn. | | C．Restrictions should be forced on teenagers demanding to take driving licenses. | | D．The licensing department is partly responsible for teenagers’ driving accidents. |
小题4:A suggested measure to be taken to reduce teenagers’ driving accidents is that ______.| A．driving in the presence of an adult should be made a rule | | B．they should be forbidden to take on passengers | | C．they should not be allowed to drive after 10 pm | | D．the licensing system should be improved |
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小题1:C
小题2:B
小题3:D
小题4:D |
试题分析：
小题1:细节理解题。根据The authors also found that the death rates for teenage drivers increased greatly after 10 p.m., and especially after midnight.With passengers in the car, the driver was even more likely to die in a late-night accident.在午夜以后青少年开车更危险，故选C。
小题2:细节理解题。根据says the higher death rates for teenage drivers have less to do with “really stupid behavior” than with just a lack of driving experience. 由于太缺乏经验，故选B。
小题3:细节理解题。根据The basic issue is that adults who are responsible for giving out licenses fail to recognize how complex and skilled driving is.驾照的颁发部门应该负有一定的责任，故选D。
小题4:推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知应该提高改善驾照的考取制度，故选D。
点评：细节理解题是阅读理解题中必考的一种题型，其解题依据主要在阅读材料中找。笔者发现，这种题型可以用“重现”的方法来解答。所谓“重现”，就是指某一个单词或短语的同义、反义、上下义、同根词或原词在文中重复出现的现象。这种方法常用于解答完形填空，但用来解答阅读理解细节题也同样管用。细节理解题的重现指的是：正确答案选项语句中的单词或短语与阅读材料中的单词或短语构成一种重复出现的关系。它同样可以分为：同义、反义、上下义、同根词或原词。 |
核心考点
试题【A recent study, which was published in last week’s Journal of the American Medic】；主要考察你对
题材分类等知识点的理解。
[详细]举一反三
Celebrity endorsements
Despite the fact that companies believe celebrities had a lot of pull with regard to the buying trends of consumers, researchers have discovered that this does not seem to be the case. British and Swiss researchers carried out a study showing that advertisements made by celebrities like David Beckham and Scarlett Johansson are not as effective as those by ordinary people.
In a sample of 298 students, researchers presented a magazine advertisement for a digital camera that was endorsed (为…做广告宣传) by a fictional student claiming the camera was “hot” and his “preferred choice”. The same advertisement was shown to other students, but with a difference: The camera was endorsed by a famous person in Germany.
While the students said that both advertisements were beneficial, the one made by the student topped the celebrity one if students aimed to impress others with their purchases (购买). More than half of the students, who admitted purchasing products that would impress others, said they were influenced by the student’s advertisement. Only 20％ said the celebrity one would affect their buying decision.
Professor Brett Martin of the University of Bath’s School of Management, explained that the findings could be used not only in Germany, but in other countries as well. “ Our research questions whether celebrities are the best ways to sell products,” said Prof Martin.“Celebrities can be effective but we found that many people were more convinced by an endorsement from a fictional fellow student. This is because many people feel a need to keep up with the Jones when they buy.”
小题1:Some companies think the celebrities endorsement ．| A．is popular with the consumers | | B．can pull all the consumers into the shops | | C．can affect the consumers’ purchasing | | D．is as effective as an endorsement from common people |
小题2:Which of the following ads would be more effective to common consumers, according to
the experiment?
An ad featuring lovely pandas.
An ad made by David Beckham.
An ad made by fictional common people.
An ad with beautiful natural scenery.
小题3:The underlined words “the Jones” in the last paragragh refer to“ ”．| A．someone called Jones | B．common people | | C．the Jones family | D．celebrities |
小题4:We can infer from the passage that ．| A．celebrities cheat consumers in advertisement | | B．the researchers here are against celebrity endorsement | | C．the student’s ads are more reliable than those made by celebrities | | D．companies needn’t spend so much money on celebrity endorsement |
小题5:We can probably read the article in ．| A．a local newspaper | B．a science report | | C．an academic journal | D．a textbook |
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Every summer, hundreds of thousands of students travel to other countries looking for work and adventure. Most of the opportunities are in 1 work. The pay is usually poor, but most people work 2 for the thrill of travel. You can pick grapes in France, entertain kids on American summer camps, and, of course, there are always 3 in hotels and restaurants.
But it is not as easy as it used to be to find work. Unless you speak the language of the country well, there will be very 4 openings. For example, when you arrive to wash dishes in a restaurant in Paris, the owner will 5 you to speak French. British students only have a language 6 for jobs in the USA and Australia.
Not every one 7 the experience. Sarah James was once responsible for forty American children in Europe. During the 8 , one child lost his passport; four children were lost in Madrid for a whole day; the whole group was thrown out of one hotel because of the 9 they made. Sarah says, “It really was a 24-hour-a-day job since the kids never 10 ! And the pay was awful. It wasn’t worth it.”
The trouble is that 11 expect to have an easy time of it. After all, they see it as a 12 . In practice, though, they have to work hard. At the same time, all vacation work is casual work, and jobs are 13 only when the hotel, the restaurant, or the campsite is busy. But students have few employment 14 . As soon as the holiday season finishes, companies will get rid of them. And if their employer doesn’t like them, they’ll be 15 , too.
| 小题1: | | A．seasonal | B．mental | C．professional | D．formal |
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| 小题2: | | A．hard | B．voluntarily | C．abroad | D．continuously |
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| 小题3: | | A．jobs | B．visitors | C．customers | D．parties |
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| 小题4: | | A．good | B．new | C．attractive | D．few |
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| 小题5: | | A．teach | B．expect | C．allow | D．forbid |
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| 小题6: | | A．program | B．lesson | C．advantage | D．exam |
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| 小题7: | | A．has | B．enjoys | C．forgets | D．remembers |
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| 小题8: | | A．trip | B．flight | C．discussion | D．ceremony |
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| 小题9: | | A．promise | B．progress | C．complaint | D．noise |
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| 小题10: | | A．cried | B．studied | C．slept | D．helped |
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| 小题11: | | A．children | B．students | C．employers | D．parents |
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| 小题12: | | A．job | B．lesson | C．holiday | D．shame |
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| 小题13: | | A．countless | B．available | C．interesting | D．boring |
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| 小题14: | | A．experiences | B．rules | C．plans | D．rights |
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| 小题15: | | A．dismissed | B．charged | C．fined | D．punished |
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In today"s Internet age, the demand for online games continues to grow. Online computer game centers exist in many cities and towns throughout Asia. Facing the pressures of school and life, people tend to the virtual world, expecting a diversion from these problems. Too often, however, they can lead to problems and unhealthy addictions.
This is most clearly seen in the example of South Korea. The country has the world"s highest percentage of highspeed Internet services. It also has a high number of online game players and related problems. It was once reported that a young man collapsed (突然晕倒) and died while playing online games. He had been playing almost nonstop for 86 hours at an Internet cafe. Another young man killed his sister after becoming confused between the online world and real life. A 12yearold boy stole US $ 16000 from his father and ran away from home. He did this to continue his obsession (着迷) with online game. Such problems, however, don"t just happen in South Korea. They are spreading to other parts of Asia, as well.
What kinds of people develop online game addiction? What does the problem look like? Dr SueHuei Chen, a clinical psychologist, researches Internet addiction. She discovered some signs of atrisk individuals such as lack friendship and good social skills. Those problem individuals feel it so compulsive to play online games that they could sacrifice things such as school and family. They feel the need to spend more and more time online. And they become upset if anyone tries to limit their online game playing.
How many problem game players are there? In mainland China, the potential number of problem online gamers is alarming. Just in 2004, China has had 13.8 million online game players according to China Daily. Furthermore, it stated that 80 percent of these were under 25 and had signs of addiction. Such numbers point toward a growing problem among Chinese youth.
Make sure to keep control over your online game playing. If you don"t control it, it can get control of you.
小题1:The underlined word “diversion” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to _____.| A．solution | B．comfort | C．escape | D．support |
小题2:The examples in the second paragraph tell us that ________.| A．the side effects are caused by highspeed Internet services | | B．online game playing can even cause death | | C．online games have caused much damage to young people | | D．the teenage boy can"t resist the temptation of the online games |
小题3:According to Dr SueHuei Chen, what can we do to prevent game addiction?| A．Limit the speed of the Internet services. | | B．Sacrifice things such as school and family. | | C．Spend more and more time online. | | D．Care much for the young and improve their ability to get along with others. |
小题4:We can conclude from the passage that ________.| A．the demand for online services continues to grow | | B．China is fighting a battle against online games | | C．the problems caused by online games don"t just exist in South Korea | | D．in the year 2004 there were a total of 13.8 million Chinese visiting the Internet |
小题5:What"s the best title for the passage?| A．Internet Problem | B．Addiction to online Game | | C．Problem People in the World | D．Online Game Can Control People |
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Most visitors come to the UK expecting the rain and weather for which the country is famous. However, when summer finally arrives, British people like nothing more than heading for the coast. Here are some of more famous places of interest that you could expect to visit on a trip to Britain. Black pool, in the northwest of England, is the most visited place in the UK. Each year around 6.5 to 7 million people come to enjoy the miles of sandy beaches, the 158m Black pool Tower and the 11km-long Golden Mile, where there are entertainments, pubs, ice rinks (溜冰场) and even a zoo. On the south coast of the country you can find Brighton. Until 1786, Brighton was a sleepy village. Then the future king, George IV, decided to build a house there, and now it has become a large, international centre. Apart from the beaches, Brighton is famous for its pier (码头). There are theatres, entertainments and restaurants there. Brighton is also fantastic for shopping. If you want to travel a little further, why not go to Corn-wall in the far southwest of the UK? South Cornwall offers miles of sandy beaches and beautiful scenery. The climate there is warmer than the rest of Britain, and you can even find palm trees. For a bit more excitement, go to North Cornwall. The scenery there is nicer, and the beaches are famous for their powerful waves. As a result, North Cornwall has become the home of British surfing. One word of warning though, if you are using the roads in the UK during holidays, you can expect long traffic jams on the motorways. It might be better to take the train.
小题1:Which is the best title for this passage?| A．Let’s Go to the Beach! | B．How to Enjoy Your Holidays | | C．Welcome to Britain! | D．How to Travel in Britain |
小题2:We may find this passage in a ______.| A．geography book | B．storybook | C．travel guide | D．news magazine |
小题3:If Andrew likes surfing, which is the best place for him to spend his holidays?| A．Black pool. | B．Brighton. | C．South Cornwall. | D．North Cornwall. |
小题4:Which is NOT the reason why Brighton is famous?| A．In Brighton you can satisfy your appetite for shopping. | | B．In 1786, George IV decided to build a house there. | | C．There is an interesting pier in Brighton. | | D．You can enjoy yourself on the beautiful beaches. |
小题5:From the passage we can infer that ______.| A．there are no beaches in the east and west of Britain | | B．Black pool is the most famous place in the UK | | C．the pier is more interesting than the beaches in Brighton | | D．the climate in South Cornwall is attractive to many people |
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On the first day of school I brought my camera to school. I gave the students a piece of 8 ×11 cardboard(纸板), and asked them to write their names on both sides. As they finished, I asked them to get into groups of three to four students and took photographs of them holding their name cards.
After school, I developed the film and printed two sets of photos. That evening, I started to match the names with the faces. I kept one set of pictures at home for about a week so that I could review their names each night. On the second day of school, I put up the other set of photos as a bulletin board (公布栏), with a title such as "Presenting Room 108, ..."
The kids loved it! After I had learned all of their names I brought the second set back to school and stuck them onto an 8 ×11 sheet of paper. I placed it in the classroom for other teachers.
The cardboard name cards that were made on the first day were collected and put on a shelf. From time to time, they were given back to the students and placed on their desks so that guests or supply teachers (代课老师) could identify all of the students.
I’ve been doing this with my grade 7 students for the last nine years and they liked it. It’s fun to bring the photos out again at the end of the school year to see how much they have all changed in ten months.
小题1:The cardboards were used to ______.| A．play some kind of game | B．decorate the classroom | | C．identify the students | D．print the photos on |
小题2:The writer of the passage might be a ______.| A．head teacher | B．monitor | C．photographer | D．supply teacher |
小题3:Why did the writer leave the second set of the photos at home?| A．To memorize the students’ names at home. | B．To make cardboard name cards for supply teachers. | | C．To make a bulletin board in the classroom. | D．To match the students’ names with their faces |
小题4:Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?| A．The students didn’t have to use the cardboard name cards to identify each other. | | B．Other teachers couldn’t identify the students without the cardboard name cards. | | C．The writer kept the cardboard name cards as a souvenir for nine years. | | D．The guests will know the students’ names by reading the cardboard name cards. |
小题5:The passage mainly tells us ______.| A．a method of identifying students | B．a method of decorating classrooms | | C．the development of photography | D．the importance of cardboard name cards |
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