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cell technology. Some people are calling it the greatest medical breakthrough so far this century.
But what are stem cells? As we know, most cells in our bodies are designed____ -for example, a liver cell
develops to work in the liver and cannot become a heart cell. But stem cells are different. They are very young
and in the laboratory scientists can grow them into different types of cells.
Claudia Castillo needed a new windpipe (气管) after getting a serious disease. Scientists from the University
of Bristol took a donor windpipe, from someone who had recently died. They used strong chemicals to remove
the donor"s cells, leaving a tissue scaffold (组 织支架). This was refilled with cells from Ms Castillo"s windpipe and stem cells from her bone. After four days the cells had grown sufficiently for the windpipe to be
transplanted into Ms Castillo.
Currently, transplant patients have to take drugs for the rest of their lives to prevent their bodies rejecting
the new organs. These drugs can have bad side-effects, and do not always prevent rejec tion. But by using
Ms Castillo"s own cells, doctors were able to trick her body into thinking the new windpipe was her own organ. Five months on, Claudia Castillo is in perfect health.
This ground-breaking procedure could be used in other trans- plant operations in the future. Scientists also
believe stem cells might be used to treat Parkinson"s disease, heart disease, stroke, ar thritis, burns and so on.
However, stem cell research is extremely controversial. The most effective stem cells do not come from
adults but from embryos (胚胎) created in laboratories which are just a few days old. Many people have
religious or ethical objections to growing embryos, even if they can be used to cure diseases.
______________________________________________________________________________________
2. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words. ( Please an swer within 8 words. )
______________________________________________________________________________________
3. Which sentence in the text is the closest in meaning to the fol lowing one? However, Ms
Castillo"s body mistook the new windpipe for her own because doctors put her own cells in it.
______________________________________________________________________________________
4. What do you think of the stem cell transplant? Why? ( Please answer within 30 words. )
______________________________________________________________________________________
5. Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 into Chinese.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
2. for specific purposes/to serve specific purposes/for certain organs
3. But by using Ms Castillo" own cells, doctors were able to trick her body into thinking the new
windpipe was her own organ.
4. I think it is beneficial to the world because it can cure a lot of diseases. /I think it is against the ethical
rules because the stem cells come from embryos which are created in labs.
5.目前,做移植手术的病人在其后半生要靠吃药来防止身体 排斥新器官.
答案不唯一
Most sharks are dangerous. The largest kind of sharks-the whale shark-has small teeth and is quite harmless
to people. However, blue sharks, tiger sharks, white sharks and hammerheads are enemies of man. Man-eaters
are always a danger to swimmers in shark waters. Sometimes, though, men have used strange methods when
they"re suddenly faced with a shark.
During world War Ⅱ, soldiers and sailors whose boats or planes were destroyed drifted (漂流) helplessly
on the ocean in small rafts (筏子). While waiting to be saved, the men had to struggle to stay alive and were
often attacked by sharks. In some cases, they had few weapons to protect themselves with. They found that
just splashing (溅水) water seemed to help keep the sharks away.
One sailor was swimming for his life in the Atlantic Ocean after his boat had been blown up. He saw a
shark swimming towards him. He hit the shark with his bare fist, and that drove it off.
Once, in Australia, a fisherman was fishing after sunset. He hooked a big fish and drew it towards the shore. His line broke when the fish was only a few yards from the shore. The fisherman waded (涉水) into the water
to try to catch it with his hands. In the dim light, it looked like the kind of fish that could be dealt with without
danger.
He put his arms around the fish and wrestled with it. Dragging it to the beach turned out to be harder than
he had expected, but at last he pulled it in. When he turned a light on it, he was amazed. He had caught a shark.
It was small for a shark, but it was the man-eating type and was about as long as a tall man. In a word, the
best way to deal with sharks is to keep far away from them.
B. whale shark
C. tiger shark
D. hammerhead shark
B. small
C. afraid of people
D. dangerous
B. frightened
C. unhappy
D. angry
B. keep far away from them
C. splash water
D. wrestle with them
B. about sharks
C. how to eat sharks
D. that sharks are man"s enemies
Why? Because that is 3 they have been told all their lives. 4 a new report offers some different advice.
The experts say people should obey their bodies; they should drink as 5 water as they feel like drinking.
The report contains some general 6 (suggest). The experts say that women should get about 2.7 liters
of water 7 (day). Men should get about 3.7 liters. But wait in each case, that is more than eight glasses.
There is an important difference. The report does not tell people how many glasses of water to drink. 8
fact, the experts say that 9 may be impossible to know how many glasses are needed to meet these
guidelines. This is because the daily requirement can include the water 10 (contain) in foods.
when you are in primary school, you can get by with no technology at all. Even if you have a computer, it"s a
good idea to get children familiar with libraries. At this age, trips to the library are like family outings.
As you get closer to middle school, a computer with Internet access becomes more of a necessity.
Teachers will often give assignments that require a student to use the Internet for research. After a computer,
technology choices for students become more difficult to make - especially when it comes to cellphones. Kids
will beg their parents for a cell-phone, especially in middle school. For many parents, it"s a safety issue: They
want to know that their kids can reach them quickly if necessary. For teachers, cell phones can be used to
record lessons when students are absent. But many teachers dislike cell-phones. Some kids send messages or
have talks in the class. Sending messages also raises the problem of cheating on exams. More and more schools are now forbidding the use of cellphones.
Many kids see iPods as necessary things to have. iPods are great for music, but do they do anything good
for your children"s education? Maybe they do. That"s the opinion of Doug Johnson, an educator for 30 years.
Johnson says that educators should accept all new forms of technology in the classroom, including iPods.
"Some do more with their cell- phones than we can do with our laptops," he jokes."I don"t think we should be
afraid. The truth is that it"s easier to change the way we teach than to change the technology habits of an entire
generation."
B. ask their parents to buy them cell-phones
C. buy iPods to listen to music
D. go to libraries to read more books
B. They think cell-phones be helpful to their study.
C. They want to keep in touch with their children.
D. They want their children to keep up to date.
B. schoolchildren will send messages during class
C. cell-phones can be used to record lessons
D. schoolchildren might talk on them during class
B. iPods can be helpful for children"s education.
C. iPods can be used to play games.
D. iPods are necessary for children"s lives.
B. teachers should let students use cell-phones
C. it"s better for teachers to change their teaching methods
D. schoolchildren should follow the trends(潮流) of fashion
helped to build the internet while working as a researcher in America, said that television was approaching
its "iPod moment."
In the same way that people now download their favorite music onto their iPods, he said that viewers
would soon be downloading most of their favorite programmers onto their computers. "85 percent of all
video we watch is pre-recorded, so you can set your system to download it at any time," said Mr. Cerf,
who is now the vice-president of Goggle.
"You"re still going to need live television for certain things--like news, sporting events and emergencies-
but increasingly it will be almost like iPod, where you download content to look at later."
Although television-on-demand has not yet become a main activity in the UK, the BBC, 1TV and Channel
4 have all invested a lot of money in technology which Mr. Cerf think will enable viewers to watch their
favorite shows on their computers.
However, some critics (批评家) have warned that the Internet will collapse (崩溃) if millions of people
try to download programmers at the same time.
Over the next four years, scientists think the number of videos watched over the Internet will double,
with people moving from short chips to hour-long programmes.
Broadband companies claim that the service will cause "traffic jams", which will cost millions of pounds
to solve. Mr. Cerf dismissed these warnings, saying that critics had predicted 20 years ago that the net would
collapse when people all around the world started to use it at the same time, "We"re far from exhausting (用
尽) the capacity," he said. "I want every one of the six billion people in the planet to be able to connect to
the Internet."
B. the vice-president of Goggle
C. one of the founders of the Internet
D. a manager of a broadband company
B. The number of videos watched over the Internet will double.
C. Viewers will be able to download TV programmers onto their iPods.
D. Viewers will be able to watch their favorite TV shows on the Internet.
B. download live TV over the Internet
C. download per-recorded videos over the Internet
D. listen to their favorite music on their computers
B. people all over the world will be able to connect to the Internet
C. the Internet will crash if too many people download TV programmes at the same time
D. the videos people watch over the Internet
B. the Internet will never be used to download people"s favourite shows
C. the Internet will become more popular
D. something about Vint Cerf
than those who didn"t blog. Blogging can help you feel less isolated, more connected to a community and more
satisfied with your friendships. Both online and face-to-face, a new Australian research has found.
Researchers James Baker and Professor Susan Moore from Swinburne have written two papers investigating
the psychological benefits of blogging-regularly updating personal web pages with information that invites others
to comment.
The first, published in the latest issue of the journal CyberPsychology and Behaviour. compares the mental
health of people intending to blog with that of people not planning to blog. Moore says the researchers messaged
600 MySpace users personally and directed them to an online survey. A total of 134 completed the questionnaire.
84 intended to blog and 50 didn"t.
"We found potential bloggers were less satisfied with their friendships and they felt less socially integrated;
they didn"t feet as much part of a community as the people who weren"t interested in blogging …"Moore says.
"It was as if they were saying "I"m going to do this blogging and it"s going to help me"."
And it seemed to do the trick, as the researchers" second study shows. This study which is yet to be
published, was conducted two months later. The researchers sent out questionnaires (调查问卷) to the same
group of MySpace users, this time 59 responded Bloggers reported a greater sense of belonging to a group of
like-minded people and feeling more confident because they could rely on others for help. All respondents,
whether or not they blogged, reported feeling less anxious, depressed and stressed after two months of online
social networking.
"So going onto MySpace had lifted the mood of all participants in some way," Moore says. "Maybe they"d
just made more social connections."
Moore acknowledges this is early research and hopes to follow a larger group of people for a longer period time to test some of the research findings.
B. Blogging improves one"s social life.
C. What kind of people are likely to blog.
D. Blogging has become more and more popular.
B. people were likely to become bloggers if they felt socially isolated
C. potential bloggers were those who had mental health problems
D. potential bloggers usually held a wrong view about blogging
B. how many people became bloggers
C. how people felt after blogging for two months
D. how many people kept blogging after two months
B. only bloggers benefit from online social networking
C. not many potential bloggers became real bloggers
D. not all bloggers found the help they needed
B. entertain themselves
C. seek help
D. exchange views
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- 9
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