题目
题型：山西省会考题难度：来源：
that you never realized is that children have actually invented several different things. I am going to list 4 of
my favorites, but there are many more available.
Toy Truck
Can you believe that a 6-year-old boy invented it in 1963? His name was Robert Patch. He created a toy
truck because he wanted a truck of his own that he could take apart and put back together. He first drew
up a sketch of the truck on paper before he got help in getting a patent.
Television
We all know the first TV came out in the late 1920s. This is something that everyone has already known,
but did you know the TV was invented by a 14-year-old boy? It took him several years to get the idea in
motion, but he did it. A teenager came up with something every household owns today.
Popsicle (冰棒)
This is something that you may think a child probably invented, but you never knew for sure. Back in the
early 1900s an 11-year-old boy named Epperson had an idea to make his own version of pop. So he worked
outside on a cold day and he couldn"t get his mixture right. He left his glass filled with his idea and stirring
stick, and went to bed. When he came back outside it was frozen on the stick. The first Popsicle named the
Epsicle came into being.
Braille (布莱叶盲文)
This is something that I find truly amazing. Louis Braille, born on January 4, 1809, came up with this great
idea because he was blinded in an accident when he was three years old. When he was 15 years old he was in
blind school and created what we all know as Braille. This is something that has helped millions of blind people.
B. few inventions were created by children in history
C. children"s inventions were known to most people
D. most people usually underestimate children
B. It is big enough for a kid to get into.
C. It can be taken apart and put back together.
D. It is just like a real truck and runs fast.
B. He put a glass of mixture outside on purpose.
C. He put a stick in the glass to make a Popsicle.
D. He made use of cold weather to make a drink.
B. Toy Truck.
C. Television.
D. Braille.
答案
核心考点
试题【阅读理解。 Children actually are pretty smart and most people just don"t give the】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
problem in all parts of the world that experience cold weather. A few years ago, America"s Centers for Disease
Control (C. D. C. ) studied deaths linked to carbon monoxide poisoning. It found that the average number of
carbon monoxide deaths in the United States was greatest in January. The C. D. C. also found that carbon
monoxide kills more than four hundred Americans each year. And, it said more than twenty thousand people
are taken to hospital emergency rooms for treatment of health problems linked to the gas.
Carbon monoxide is called the silent killer because people do not know it is in the air. The gas has no color,
no taste and no smell. It does not cause burning eyes. And it does not cause people to cough. Yet, carbon
monoxide gas is very deadly. It steals the body"s ability to use oxygen.
Carbon monoxide decreases the ability of the blood to carry oxygen to body tissues. It does this by linking
with the blood. When the gas links with the blood, the blood is no longer 1able to carry oxygen to the tissues
that need it. Damage to the body can begin very quickly from large amounts of carbon monoxide.
How quickly this can happen depends on the length of time a person is breathing the gas and the amount of
the gas he or she breathes in.
Carbon monoxide poisoning has warning signs. But people have to be awake to recognize them. Small
amounts of the gas will cause a person"s head to hurt. He or she may begin to feel tired. The victim"s stomach
may feel sick. The room may appear to be turning around. The person may have trouble thinking clearly.
People develop severe head pain as the amount of the gas continues to enter their blood. They will begin to
feel very tired and sleepy. They may have terrible stomach pains.
Medical experts say carbon monoxide affects people differently. For example a small child will experience
health problems or die much sooner than an adult. The general health of the person or his or her age can also
be important.
B. An unhealthy adult may suffer more from the effects of CO than normal people.
C. People with heart disease do not suffer chest pains.
D. Carbon monoxide affects people all the same.
B. It may cause him/her to feel tired and sleepy.
C. It often causes him/her to suffer terrible stomachache.
D. It slows down people"s thinking.
B. people"s length
C. people"s reaction
D. whether people are sleeping or not
newborn child. Last spring one of the two, Australia, gave up the bad distinction by setting up paid family
leave starting in 2011. I wasn"t surprised when this didn"t make the news here in the United States-we"re
now the only wealthy country without such a policy.
The United States does have one explicit family policy, the Family and Medical Leave Act, passed in 1993.
It entitles workers to as much as 12 weeks" unpaid leave for care of a newborn or dealing with a family
medical problem. Despite the modesty of the benefit, the Chamber of Commerce and other business groups
fought it bitterly, describing it as "government-run personnel management" and a "dangerous precedent (先
例)". In fact, every step of the way, as (usually) Democratic leaders have tried to introduce work-family
balance measures into the law, business groups have been strongly opposed.
As Yale law professor Anne Alstott, argues, justifying parental support depends on defining (定义) the
family as a social good that, in some sense, society must pay for. Parents are burdened in many ways in
their lives: there is "no exit" when it comes to children. Society expects-and needs-parents to provide their
children with continuity of care. And society expects-and needs-parents to persist in their roles for 18 years,
or longer if needed.
While most parents do this out of love, there are public punishments for not providing care. What parents
do, in other words, is of deep concern to the state, for the obvious reason that caring for children is not only
morally urgent but important to the future of society. To classify parenting as a personal choice for which
there is no collective responsibility is not merely to ignore the social benefits of good parenting; really, it is to
steal those benefits because they accrue (累积) to the whole of society as today"s children become tomorrow"s
citizens. In fact, by some estimates, the value of parental investments in children, investments of time and
money, is equal to 20%～30% of GDP. If these investments bring huge social benefits-as they clearly do-the
benefits of providing more social support for the family should be that much clearer.
B. Setting up this policy made Australia less influential.
C. It has now become a hot topic in the United States.
D. No such policy is applied in the United States.
B. The opposition from business circles.
C. The lack of a precedent in American history.
D. The existing Family and Medical Leave Act.
B. Good parenting benefits society.
C. The cost of raising children has been growing.
D. The U. S. should keep up with other developed countries.
B. Parenting relies largely on social support.
C. Parenting produces huge moral benefits.
D. Parenting is basically a social
It has long been assumed that when cats scratch objects with their front paws (爪子) that they are
sharpening their paws. 1_____ Research on cat behavior suggests that the major reason for this behavior is
communication. By scratching up the bark of a tree (or the leg of your favorite chair) the cat is letting other
cats or people know where she is and what she is up to.
Cats tend to pick a small number of noticeable objects in their environments to scratch such as trees, fence
posts repeatedly. 2_____ The scratched surface leaves a highly visible mark that can be easily seen by other
cats. In addition, cats have special glands (腺) in their paves so that when they make scratching movements
they leave scent (气味) that the cats can smell. The fact that cats leave scent marks by making scratching
movements may be the reason that cats will continue to try to scratch objects even after they have been
declawed. 3_____
We don"t know exactly what cats are communicating with their scratching. Both males and females do it.
It is done inside and outside the home and even by cats living with no other cats around. 4_____ Cats don"t
scratch up your furniture to bother you or just to be destructive, but for specific reasons, one of which is
communicating. Cats also scratch to extend their bodies, during play, and possibly as a greeting or to relieve
dissatisfaction when prevented from doing other things they want to do.
5_____ It is easier to prevent problem scratching rather than trying to change your cat"s preference for
the arm of your sofa after it has become a built up habit. Thus, the goal is to establish acceptable scratching
habits by getting your cat to prefer a scratching post rather than the arm of your sofa.
B. This is why the tree next door looks so scratched up.
C. Cats use other parts of their bodies to communicate as well.
D. Small pieces of bark have accumulated on the ground underneath.
E. Scratching can result in considerable damage, owner dissatisfaction.
F. Declawed cats may still be leaving scent marks on objects they scratch.
G. It could be a defensive warning or just a marker that announces its existence.
power plant fired up in September, the designer, Mitsubishi, is expecting to prove it"s possible to burn coal
without polluting. This technology is known as integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC). Proving IGCC
works should motivate Mitsubishi"s US partner, NRG Energy, to jump other hurdles to building new clean
plants.
The project promises to solve the problem of the ages for power plants: how to produce cheap, clean,
reliable electricity. No existing technology can do all three perfectly.
The problem is IGCC isn"t there yet. It costs about 20 percent more than traditional plants. And even
though it"s easier to collect the resulting carbon dioxide from an IGCC plant than a traditional plant, there"s
no proven way to get rid of the greenhouse gas. One plan is to drill a shaft (通道) to pump the carbon dioxide
underground, into saltwater formations. But there"s no guarantee it will remain underground forever.
NRG administrators think solving the IGCC riddles is worth the trouble because they expect the US will
soon limit the amount of carbon dioxide that power generators may give out.
"With the additional cost of IGCC, to just voluntarily build something that"s 20 percent more expensive,
that"s commercial suicide," NRG chief administrator, David Crane said.
NRG administrators expect the cost to decline after six or seven plants are built. But other industry experts
think it will take about a dozen plants for the price to be competitive with traditional coal plants.
Takaya Watanabe, a vice general manager of Mitsubishi, admits that the cost challenges are difficult. "It"s
good for a company to say we want to be green, but unless someone is willing to pay, it"s a dream. It won"t
keep our family eating rice," he said.
B. To produce energy without burning coal.
C. To keep the use of electricity cheaper.
D. To pump carbon dioxide more easily.
B. How to deal with the high cost.
C. How to get along with other partners.
D. How to improve the new technology.
B. It"s unlikely to build more new power plants.
C. The companies are run on a tight budget.
D. Going green is easier said than done.
explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.
Social scientists are of course extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why
we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behavior. There are no clear answers yet, but two
distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very
different from each other, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The
controversy is often conveniently referred to as "nature and nurture".
Those who support the"nature" side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are
largely determined by biological factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities,
characteristics and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory states that our behavior
is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts (本能).
Proponents of the "nurture" theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claim that our environment is
more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B. F.
Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The
behaviorists" view of the human being is quite mechanistic. They state that, like machines, humans respond to
environmental stimuli (刺激) as the basis of their behavior.
Socially and politically, the consequences of these two theories are far-reaching. In the US, for example,
blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some "nature" proponents to
conclude that blacks are genetically lower in status than whites. Behaviorists, on the contrary, say that the
differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed of many of the educational and other
environ mental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same responses
that whites do.
Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our
behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes and that the controversy will continue for a long time
is certain.
B. relation between behavior and environment
C. different accounts of patterns of human behavior
D. different theories of the formation of human behavior
B. advisors
C. advocates
D. judges
B. differences between the blacks and whites
C. racial discrimination in the United States
D. different responds to intelligence tests
B. To urge scientists to do more research in social science.
C. To give us a detailed explanation of human behavior.
D. To present an argument in the field of social science.
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