题目
题型：模拟题难度：来源：
explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.
Social scientists are of course extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why
we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behavior. There are no clear answers yet, but two
distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very
different from each other, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The
controversy is often conveniently referred to as "nature and nurture".
Those who support the"nature" side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are
largely determined by biological factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities,
characteristics and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory states that our behavior
is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts (本能).
Proponents of the "nurture" theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claim that our environment is
more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B. F.
Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The
behaviorists" view of the human being is quite mechanistic. They state that, like machines, humans respond to
environmental stimuli (刺激) as the basis of their behavior.
Socially and politically, the consequences of these two theories are far-reaching. In the US, for example,
blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some "nature" proponents to
conclude that blacks are genetically lower in status than whites. Behaviorists, on the contrary, say that the
differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed of many of the educational and other
environ mental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same responses
that whites do.
Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our
behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes and that the controversy will continue for a long time
is certain.
B. relation between behavior and environment
C. different accounts of patterns of human behavior
D. different theories of the formation of human behavior
B. advisors
C. advocates
D. judges
B. differences between the blacks and whites
C. racial discrimination in the United States
D. different responds to intelligence tests
B. To urge scientists to do more research in social science.
C. To give us a detailed explanation of human behavior.
D. To present an argument in the field of social science.
答案
核心考点
试题【阅读理解。 People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behav】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
In 2010, China"s new media industry witnessed explosive development. But with "new" comes uncertainties
and challenges. The following are brief reviews on the development of China"s new media and outlooks on
its future.
Micro-blogging (微博)
Short and convenient, micro-blogs also experienced "a big bang" in China last year, with the number of
micro-bloggers at China"s popular portal (门户网站) sina.com.cn almost doubling in less than six months.
Afterwards, the other three major web portals, including sohu.com.qq. corn and 163. corn, each set up their
own micro-blogging services. With more government officials and entities (实体) registering, China"s micro-
blogging services are expected to play a more important role in connecting the public and the governments in
2011.
Search Engines
Baidu"s position in the search engine market would face fierce challenges from sohu.com, Microsoft"s Bing
and goso.cn from the People"s Daily. Xinhua is also preparing to start its search engine together with China
Mobile, a leading company in mobile networks. Goso and Xinhua both have the advantage of providing content,
while Bing has a big edge in technology and funds. They are expected to pose threats (威胁) to Baidu in 2011.
Internet of Things
IoT refers to a network of real-world objects linked by the Internet and interacting through on-line services.
China set up its first IoT research center in Shanghai in March 2010. Within the same week, Premier Wen
Jiabao stated in the annual government report that it would "accelerate the research and development, as well
as application of the Internet of Things."
However, some experts say China"s IoT is still in an early stage, and it"ll take a long time for it to let the
public enjoy its full functions.
B. China"s new media and its future.
C. The development of China"s on-line services.
D. China"s early-stage IoT and its major functions.
B. Three.
C. Four.
D. Five.
B. Sohu.com.
C. Goso.cn.
D. China Mobile.
B. An explosive development
C. A terrible damage.
D. A demanding challenge.
always room for improvement." In previous years, I earned a 99% and a 100%. The 94% I received this
term does not reflect the hard work that I put into this course. Because of her "improvement" theory, I
got a lower grade than I deserve Is her grading philosophy morally correct?
Answer: Your teacher"s grading system may be unwise, but it is not morally wrong. A teacher deserves
wide latitude in selecting the method of grading that best promotes learning in her classroom; that is, after
all, the prime function of grades. It is she who has the training and experience to make this decision.
You can criticize her methodology. A 100 need not imply that there is no possibility of improvement,
only that a student successfully completed the course work A ninth grader could get a well-earned 100 in
English class but still has a way to go before he writes as well as Jane Austen. What"s more, grades are not
only an educational device but are also part of a screening system to help assign (分配) kids to their next
class or program. By capping her grades at 94 while most other teachers grade on a scale that tops out at
100, your teacher could risk making a student lose a chance of getting a scholarship or getting into a top
college.
What it is wrong to condemn her for is overlooking your hard work. Your hard work is worthy of
encouragement, but effort does not equal accomplishment. If scholars suddenly discovered that Rembrandt
had dashed off The Night Watch in an afternoon, it would still be The Night Watch.
I could spend months sweating over my own "paintings", but I"d produce something you wouldn"t want
to hang in your living room or your garage.
One feature of a good grading system is that those measured by it generally regard it as fair and reasonable-
not the case here. Strong feeling of anger is seldom an aid to education And so your next step should be to
discuss your concerns with your teacher or the principal.
B. worried
C. excited
D. delighted
B. knowledge
C. freedom
D. experience
B. The Night Watch was completed in half a day
C. everybody"s hard work should be encouraged
D. one is to blame for doing the work in a hurry
B. Confused.
C. Unconcerned.
D. Unfavorable.
The Child ego state is a set of behaviors, thoughts and feelings which are replayed from our own childhood.
Perhaps the boss calls us into his or her office, we may immediately get a churning in our stomach and
wonder what we have done wrong. If this were explored we might remember the time the head teacher called
us in to tell us off. Of course, not everything in the Child ego state is negative. We might go into someone"s
house and smell a lovely smell and remember our grandmother"s house when we were little, and all the same
warm feelings we had at six years of age may come flooding back.
The Child ego states are constantly being updated. For example, we may meet someone who gives us the
permission we needed as a child, and did not get, to be fun and joyous. We may well use that person in our
imagination when we are stressed to resist our old ways of thinking that we must work longer and longer hours
to keep up with everything. We might ask ourselves "I wonder what X would say now." Then on heating the
new permissions to relax and take some time out, do just that and then return to the work renewed and ready
for the challenge. Afterwards, rather than blaming ourselves for what we did or did not do, what tends to
happen is that we automatically start to give ourselves new permissions and take care of ourselves.
Alternatively, we might have had an extremely unpleasant experience yesterday which goes into the Child
ego state as an antique memory that stands in the way of our growth Positive experiences will also go into the
Child ego state as antique memories. The positive experiences can then be drawn on to remind us that positive
things do happen.
The process of analyzing personality in terms of ego states is called structural analysis. It is important to
remember that ego states do not have an existence of their own. They are concepts to enable understanding.
Therefore it is important to say "I want some fun" rather than "My Child wants some fun." We may be in our
Child ego state when we say this, but saying "I" reminds us to take responsibility for our actions.
B. explain why We become nervous
C. support the idea in Paragraph 1
D. introduce the point of Paragraph 3
B. avoid stress
C. keep up with everything
D. accept challenges
B. shows one"s wisdom
C. limits one"s thoughts
D. influences one"s actions
B. "My Child wants some fun"
C. the Child ego state
D. structural analysis
Personality is the way a person acts, feels and thinks.
Some people are aggressive and always in a hurry. They often become angry when things do not
happen the way they planned. They are called "Type A" personalities. Studies suggest that these people
often get stress-related disorders. The "Type B" personality is calmer. These people are able to deal with
all kinds of situations more easily. As a result, they are less affected by stress.
Studies have also shown that men and women deal with stress differently. Women seem to be better
able to deal with stress than men are. However, experts say women are three times more likely to develop
depression in reaction to the stress in their lives. American writer John Gray became famous for his book,
"Men are from Mars, Women are from Venus." He notes that men and women have Opposite ways of
dealing with stress. For a man, the best way is to rest and forget about daily problems. But a woman
suffering from stress needs to talk about her problems.
Experts say there are several ways to deal with stress, including deep breathing, exercise, eating healthy
foods, getting enough rest and balancing the time spent in working and playing. Exercise is one of the most
effective stress-reduction measures, as physical changes from exercise make you feel better. In addition,
exercise can also improve the body"s defense system against disease.
Keeping stress to yourself can make problems worse. Experts say that expressing emotions to friends
or family members or writing down your feelings can help reduce stress. And they also suggest that people
should attempt to accept or change stressful situations whenever possible.
B. people make the same response to stress
C. unlike women, men tend to feel depressed more easily
D. personality has nothing to do with how we experience stress
B. are less able to cope with different situations
C. are more easily affected by stress
D. tend to solve problems more peacefully
B. cope with stress in a different way
C. suffer from stress in the similar way
D. develop stress in the opposite way
B. keep it to yourself
C. remain silent
D. ignore the stressful situation
Fujitsu, a Japanese technology company, has created a system capable of simultaneously (同时地)
charging multiple portable electronic devices such as mobile phones, digital cameras and laptop computers
without the need for cable connections.
Electric cars users may also eventually be able to charge their vehicles wirelessly using the same
technology, said the company, which developed a sample system at Osaka Prefecture University. Claiming
to be the world"s first of its kind, the technology works on the basis of the transmission of electricity using
magnetic fields between the charger and the electronic device.
The system enables wireless charging at distances of up to several meters. With the final aim of installing
public "charging spots" on the streets in order to enable easy charging around the clock, scientists at Fujitsu
Labs are planning to commercially sell products incorporating the new wireless charging system as early as
2012 but have not yet decided how much they would cost.
"This technology paves the way to integrating compact wireless charging functions into mobile phones
and enabling multiple portable devices to be charged simultaneously without any restrictions on their position
relating to the charger," the company said in a statement.
Mobile phone users in Japan can currently charge their batteries using the disposable portable plug-in
battery-operated device, available at most train stations and convenience stores. However, phone companies
warn long time use of it can damage the phones.
The company added, "We are also looking at applying the results of this work to fields other than portable
electronics, including power transmission between circuit boards (电路板) or computer chips, and providing
mobile charging systems for electric cars."
B. readers" feedback
C. a news report
D. a brief introduction
B. It enables you to charge your device very easily beside the clock
C. It is wireless and makes multiple charging at the same time
D. It can be bought at any formal supermarkets in the city
B. the system
C. the phone
D. the battery
B. power transmission between circuit boards
C. new wireless charging system developed
D. mobile phones damaged by charging
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