题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
One scientist recently came up with a way to explain this ant behaviour. Dong-Hwan Choe is a biologist, a scientist who studies animals and plants. He found that ants have a chemical on the outside of their bodies that signals to other ants, “I"m dead—take me away” when it is dead.
But there"s a question to answer: As we know, if an ant is dead, it stops moving. But when an ant is sleeping or knocked unconscious, it is also not moving. However, other ants don"t move the living ant out of the nest. How do they know this ant is not dead? Choe found that ants have another chemical on their bodies, which tells nearby ants something like, “Wait—I"m not dead yet” when it is not dead. Choe suspects that when an ant dies, the chemical that says, “Wait I"m not dead yet” quickly goes away. When other ants detect the “dead” chemical without the “not dead yet” chemical, they move away the body.
To test his theory , Choe and his team put different chemicals on ants. When the scientists used the “I"m dead” chemical, other ants quickly moved the treated ant away. When the scientists used the “Wait—I"m not dead yet” chemical, other ants left the treated ant alone. Choe believes this behavior shows that the “not dead yet” chemical overrides the “dead” chemical when picked up by other ants. And that when an ant dies, the “not dead yet” chemical fades away. Other nearby ants then detect the remaining “dead” chemical and remove the body from the nest.
Understanding this behavior can help scientists figure out how to stop ants from invading new places and causing problems.
小题1:What is the function of the first paragraph?
| A．Leading the following paragraphs. |
| B．Showing the main idea of the passage. |
| C．Introducing the background of the passage. |
| D．Giving a summary of the passage. |
| A．is weaker than | B．is stronger than | C．is better than | D．is worse than |
| A．Living ants can also be taken away when they are not moving. |
| B．When an ant dies, it can tell others using a certain chemical. |
| C．A living ant can pretend to be dead using a special chemical. |
| D．Ants often use chemicals to communicate with each other. |
| A．Choe did this study in order to stop ants from invading new places. |
| B．Choe is a biologist who is only interested in animals, especially in ants. |
| C．Choe first came up with an idea to explain this ant behavior，and then did some tests to prove his theory. |
| D．Choe did the research on this ant behavior on his own |
答案
小题1:A
小题2:B
小题3:B
小题4:C
解析
试题分析：
小题1:A 推理题。文章第一段介绍了这个有趣的现象，目的是为了引起下文。故A正确。
小题2:B 推理题。When the scientists used the “Wait—I"m not dead yet” chemical, other ants left the treated ant alone. Choe believes this behavior shows that the “not dead yet” chemical overrides the “dead” chemical when picked up by other ants.当科学家用“Wait—I"m not dead yet”的时候，其它蚂蚁就不去搬动那个蚂蚁说明这中chemical的讯息要强于“dead” chemical。故B正确。
小题3:B 细节题。根据第二段2,3行He found that ants have a chemical on the outside of their bodies that signals to other ants, “I"m dead—take me away” when it is dead.说明B正确。
小题4:C 推理题。根据第2段和第4段，在第2 段中他提出这个理论，在第四段中他做了实验来证明自己的这个理论。故C正确。
点评: 文章介绍了一个实验，蚂蚁是如何识别同伴的死亡情况的。原来是运用化学物质来判断。本文要求考生能根据上下文的串联来选择合适的推断，要准确定位。
核心考点
试题【When an ant dies, other ants take it out of the nest, often within an hour after】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
Of course, all ideas don"t occur like that but so many do, particularly the most important ones. They burst into the mind, glowing with the heat of creation. How they do it is a mystery but they must come from somewhere. Let"s assume they come from the "unconscious." This is reasonable, for psychologists use this term to describe mental processes which are unknown to the individual. Creative thought depends on what was unknown becoming known.
All of us have experienced this sudden arrival of a new idea, but it is easiest to examine it in the great creative personalities, many of whom experienced it in an intensified form and have written it down in their life stories and letters. One can draw examples from genius in any field, from religion, philosophy, and literature to art and music, even in mathematics, science, and technical invention, although these are often thought to depend only on logic and experiment. All truly creative activities depend in some degree on these signals from the unconscious, and the more highly insightful the person is, the sharper and more dramatic the signals become.
A type of creative experience is illustrated by the dreams which came to Descartes at the age of twenty-three and determined his life path. Descartes had unsuccessfully searched for certainty, first in the world of books, and then in the world of men. Then in a dream on November 10, 1619, he made the significant discovery that he could only find certainty in his own thoughts, cogito ergo sum ("I think; therefore, I exist"). This dream filled him with intense religious enthusiasm.
Descartes" experience is representative of countless others in every field of culture. The unconscious is certainly the source of instinctive activity. But in creative thought the unconscious is responsible for the production of new organized forms from relatively disorganized elements.
小题1:Good ideas come from ________according to the writer.
| A．the unconscious | B．creative activities | C．dreams | D．logic and experiments |
| A．philosophy, music, mathematics and science |
| B．religion, philosophy, literature, art and music |
| C．mathematics, science, and technical invention |
| D．both B and C |
| A．Dreams are the sources of instinctive activities. |
| B．Dreams sometimes contribute to important discoveries. |
| C．Geniuses have creative thoughts in their dreams. |
| D．Important discoveries are always made in dreams. |
| A．The Unknown Becoming Known | B．The Role of Dreams |
| C．The Unconscious and Creative Activities | D．Birth of Bright Ideas |
1. Try to find out what you"re worried about
Sometimes, you will know what you"re worried about. Other times ,you might not. Try to find it out first; if you can"t, you can ask for help.
2. Think of ways to make it better
There is always something you can do to help you feel less worried. Sitting there worrying is no fun and it won"t solve your problem.111
Grades at school are often top worries for kids. If you"re worried about grades, ask yourself these questions:
★ Why are grades important? What do grades mean to me?
★ How do I get ready for class? Do I go over my notes even when there isn"t a test?
★Do I have a good place to do my homework?
★ Have I tried different ways of studying?
If your worry is about a fight you had with a friend, you might write down all the things you could do: write a note to him or her, invite him or her to a basketball game, say sorry to him or her, etc. Once you have a list of things you could do, you can choose the one that gets your friend back.
3. Ask for help
When you"re worried, it can help to find someone to talk to. You can ask your parents, friends, or teachers for help.
小题1: How many steps of dealing with your worries are mentioned in the passage?
| A．Two. | B．Three. | C．Four. | D．Seven. |
| A．you don"t need to think of ways |
| B．you can"t ask for help |
| C．you should try to find it out. |
| D．you can sit there worrying |
| A．Why don"t my friends like me? |
| B．What do grades mean to me? |
| C．How do I get ready for class? |
| D．Why are grades important? |
| A．Make a new friend. |
| B．Don"t talk to him or her any more. |
| C．Have another fight with him or her. |
| D．Invite him or her to a basketball game. |
| A．who is often worried |
| B．when people are worried |
| C．how to deal with our worries |
| D．what kind of worries people have |
※Make rules for Internet use with your parents. For example, when you can go online, for how long and what activities you can do online.
※Don’t give your password（密码）to anyone else, and never give out the following information: your real name, home address, age, school, phone number or other personal information.
※Check with your parents before giving out a credit（信用）card number.
※Never send a photo of yourself to someone in email unless your parents say it’s OK.
※Check with your parents before going into a chat（聊天）room. Different chat rooms have different rules and attract different kinds of people. You and your parents will want to make sure it’s a right place for you.
※Never agree to meet someone you met on the Internet without your parent’s permission（允许）. Never meet anyone you met online alone.
※Always remember that people online may not be who they say they are. Treat everyone online as if they were strangers.
※If something you see or read online makes you uncomfortable, leave the site. Tell a parent or teacher right away.
※Treat other people as you’d like to be treated. Never use bad language.
※Remember - not everything you read on the Internet is true.
小题1:The writer tells children to _________.
| A．send their own photos to him |
| B．make rules for Internet use with parents |
| C．believe everything they read on the Internet |
| D．give out their personal information |
| A．give password to others |
| B．get useful knowledge and information |
| C．give out a credit card number |
| D．go into a chat room as they’d like to |
| A．Using bad language |
| B．Sending messages and emails |
| C．Leaving the site if you feel uncomfortable |
| D．Treating everyone online as strangers |
| A．read anything on the Internet |
| B．relax in your free time |
| C．have a face-to-face meeting with anyone you met online |
| D．treat other people as you’d like to be treated |
| A．How to use computers | B．Surfing on the Internet |
| C．Information on the Internet | D．Internet safety rules |
These printed things 28 newspapers but have hardly anything to do with 29 , you can only find reading materials badly made up these—— some are too strange for anyone to 30 ; others are frightening stories of something still worse. However, many of the young readers are getting interested in such 31 reading, which 32 them what they should pay for their breakfast and brings them nightmares(恶梦)and immoral(邪恶的)ideas in return. Homework was left 33 ; daily games lost.
These sellers shout on streets selling their papers well. The writers, publishers and printers, whoever they are, we never know, are 34 their silent money.
The sheep - skinned wolf"s story seems to have been forgotten once again. Why not 35 this kind of thing. Yes, both teachers and parents have asked each other for more strict control of the young readers. 36 , the more you want to forbid it, the more they want to have a look at it. Sometimes you may even find out several children, driven by the curious natures, 37 one patched paper, which has traveled from hand to hand.
It really does 38 to our society. It has already formed a sort of moral pollution. The 39 teachers and parents need more powerful support in their protection of the young generation. At the same time the young readers need more interesting books to help them 40 those ugly papers.
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People in California love to talk about “zero-emissions（排放）vehicles”, but people in California seem to be clueless about where electricity comes from. Power plants most all use fire to make it. Apart from the few people who have their roofs covered with solar cells, we get our electricity from generators（发电机）. Generators are fueled by something--usually coal, oil, but also by heat generated in nuclear power plants. There are a few wind farms and geothermal（地热） plants as well, but by far we get electricity mainly by burning something.
In other words, those "zero-emissions" cars are likely coal-burning cars. Because the coal is burned somewhere else, it looks clean. It is not true. It"s as if the California Greens are covering their eyes—“If I can"t see it, it"s not happening.” Gasoline is an incredibly efficient way to power a vehicle; a gallon of gas has a lot of energy in it. But when you take that gas（or another fuel）and first use it to make electricity, you waste a nice part of that energy, mostly in the form of wasted heat--at the generator, through the transmission lines, etc.
A gallon of gas may drive your car 25 miles. But the electricity you get from that gallon of gas won"t get you nearly as far -- so electric cars burn more fuel than gasoline-powered ones. If our electricity came mostly from wind or geothermal, or solar, then an electric car truly would be clean. But for political, technical, and economic reasons, we don"t use much of those energy sources.
In addition, electric cars" batteries which are poisonous for a long time will eventually end up in a landfill. And finally, when cars are the polluters, the pollution is spread across all the roads. When it"s a power plant, though，all the junk is in one place. Nature is very good at cleaning up when things are not too concentrated, but it takes a lot longer when all the garbage is in one spot.
小题1:What’s the main idea of the passages?
| A．Electric cars aren’t actually clean. |
| B．Electric cars are zero-emissions vehicles. |
| C．Zero-emissions vehicles are popular. |
| D．Gasoline-powered cars are more efficient. |
| A．Be familiar with． |
| B．Be curious about． |
| C．Fail to understand． |
| D．Show their interest in． |
| A．at least 25 miles |
| B．more than 25 miles |
| C．as far as 25 miles |
| D．less than 25 miles |
| A．environmentally-friendly | B．expensive |
| C．efficient | D．harmful |
| A．electric cars" batteries are poisonous for a long time |
| B．now electric cars are used more than their gasoline-powered cousins |
| C．zero-emissions vehicles should be chosen to protect our environment |
| D．electric cars are not clean in that we get electricity mainly by burning something |
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