题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
Sanbonmatsu and his colleagues gave the students a set of tests and asked them to report how often they multitasked,how good they thought they were at it,and how sensationseeking (寻求刺激) or impulsive (冲动)they were.They then evaluated the participants’multitasking ability with a tricky mental task that required the students to do simple mathematical calculations while remembering a set of letters.
Not surprisingly,the scientists said,most people thought they were better than average at multitasking,and those who thought they were better at it were more likely to report using a cellphone while driving or viewing multiple kinds of media at once.But those who frequently deal with many things at the same time were found to perform the worst at the actual multitasking test.They also were more likely to admit to sensationseeking and impulsive behavior,which connects with how easily people get bored and distracted.
“People multitask not because it’s going to lead to greater productivity,but because they’re distractible,and they get sucked into things that are not as important,”Sanbonmatsu said.
Adam Gazzaley,a researcher at the University of California,San Francisco,who was not a member of the research group,said one limitation of the study was that it couldn’t find out whether people who start out less focused tend toward multitasking or whether people’s recognizing and understanding abilities change as a result of multitasking.
The findings do suggest,however,why the sensationseekers who multitask the most may enjoy risky distracted driving.“People who are multitasking are generally less sensitive to risky situations.”said Paul Atchley,another researcher not in the group.“This may partly explain why people go in for these situations even though they’re dangerous.”
小题1:The research led by Sanbonmatsu indicates that people who multitask________.
A.seek high productivity constantly |
B.prefer handling different things when getting bored |
C.are more focused when doing many things at a time |
D.have the poorest results in doing various things at the same time |
A.assessed the multitasking ability of the students |
B.evaluated the academic achievements of the students |
C.analyzed the effects of the participants’tricky mental tasks |
D.measured the changes of the students’understanding ability |
A.limited power in calculation |
B.interests in doing things differently |
C.inability to concentrate on one task |
D.impulsive desire to try new things |
A.drive very skillfully |
B.go in for difficult tasks |
C.fail to react quickly to potential dangers |
D.refuse to explain the reasons for their behavior |
答案
小题1:D
小题2:A
小题3:C
小题4:C
解析
小题1:解析:选D。细节理解题。由文章第一段的“People who multitask all the time may be the worst at doing two things at once...”可知,这样的人在同时做很多事情时往往会有最差的结果,故正确答案为D项。
小题2:解析:选A。细节理解题。文章第二段提到他们让参与实验的学生做这做那,然后他们“evaluated the participants’ multitasking ability with a tricky mental task...”,由此可知,Sanbonmatsu和他的同事们在实验中评估了学生们的多任务处理能力。
小题3:解析:选C。细节理解题。由文章第四段Sanbonmatsu所说的话“People multitask not because it’s going to lead to greater productivity,but because they’re distractible,and they get sucked into things that are not as important”可知答案。distractible意为“不专心的,分心的”,因此正确答案为C项。
小题4:解析:选C。推理判断题。文章最后一段提到的研究结果表明:这些寻求刺激的人(sensationseekers)往往会“multitask the most”,但是却有“enjoy risky distracted driving”的结果,这是因为这些人往往“less sensitive to risky situations”,即:对潜在的危险不能迅速作出反应,故C项为正确答案。
核心考点
试题【(2013·高考北京卷,D)People who multitask all the time may be the worst at doing two th】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
小题1:What is the colour of blood in a vein near the surface of the skin?
A.Blue. | B.Light yellow. |
C.Red. | D.Dark reddish purple. |
A.Because their spine is in active use. |
B.Because they are more easily affected by gravity. |
C.Because they keep growing backwards. |
D.Because their spine becomes more bent. |
A.In the long run,our brain probably works harder than our heart. |
B.When our brain senses the spinning,we will feel dizzy. |
C.The brains of the other mammals are as complex as those of humans. |
D.Our feelings and emotions come from the most developed area in our brain. |
A.To give advice on how to stay healthy. |
B.To provide information about our body. |
C.To challenge new findings in medical research. |
D.To report the latest discoveries in medical science. |
The paper,published this March in Psychology and Aging,examined health and welfare surveys from roughly 40,000 Germans between ages 18 and 96.The surveys were conducted every year from 1993 to 2003.
Survey respondents (受访者) were asked to estimate their present and future life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10,among other questions.
The researchers found that young adults (age 18 to 39) routinely overestimated their future life satisfaction,while middleaged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future.Adults of 65 and older,however,were far more likely to underestimate their future life satisfaction.Not only did they feel more satisfied than they thought they would,the older pessimists seemed to suffer a lower ratio (比率) of disability and death for the study period.
“We observed that being too optimistic in predicting a better future than actually observed was associated with a greater risk of disability and a greater risk of death within the following decade,”wrote Frieder R.Lang,a professor at the University of ErlangenNuremberg.
Lang and his colleagues believed that people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions than people who expected a rosy future.
“Seeing a dark future may encourage positive evaluations of the actual self and may contribute to taking improved precautions (预防措施),”the authors wrote.
Surprisingly,compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes,respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline.Also,the researchers said that higher income was related to a greater risk of disability.
The authors of the study noted that there were limitations to their conclusions.Illness,medical treatment and personal loss could also have driven health outcomes.
However,the researchers said a pattern was clear.“We found that from early to late adulthood,individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic,to accurate,to pessimistic,”the authors concluded.
小题1:According to the study,who made the most accurate prediction of their future life satisfaction?
A.Optimistic adults. |
B.Middleaged adults. |
C.Adults in poor health. |
D.Adults of lower income. |
A.to fully enjoy their present life |
B.to estimate their contribution accurately |
C.to take measures against potential risks |
D.to value health more highly than wealth |
A.They will earn less money. |
B.They will become pessimistic. |
C.They will suffer mental illness. |
D.They will have less time to enjoy life. |
A.Pessimism guarantees chances of survival. |
B.Good financial condition leads to good health. |
C.Medical treatment determines health outcomes. |
D.Expectations of future life satisfaction decline with age. |
So far as the brain is concerned,it can work as well and swiftly at the end of eight or even twelve hours of effort as at the beginning.The brain is totally tireless.So what makes us tired?
Some scientists declare that most of our fatigue comes from our mental and emotional(情感的) attitudes.One of England’s most outstanding scientists,J.A.Hadfield,says,“The greater part of the fatigue from which we suffer is of mental origin.In fact,fatigue of purely physical origin is rare.”Dr.Brill,a famous American scientist,goes even further.He declares,“One hundred percent of the fatigue of a sitting worker in good health is due to emotional problems.”
What kinds of emotions make sitting workers tired? Joy? Satisfaction? No! A feeling of being bored,anger,anxiety,tenseness,worry,a feeling of not being appreciated-those are the emotions that tire sitting workers.Hard work by itself seldom causes fatigue.We get tired because our emotions produce nervousness in the body.
小题1:What surprised the scientists a few years ago?
A.Fatigue toxins could hardly be found in a laborer’s blood. |
B.Albert Einstein didn’t feel worn out after a day’s work. |
C.The brain could work for many hours without fatigue. |
D.A mental worker’s blood was filled with fatigue toxins. |
A.Challenging mental work. |
B.Unpleasant emotions. |
C.Endless tasks. |
D.Physical labor. |
A.He agrees with them. |
B.He doubts them. |
C.He argues against them. |
D.He hesitates to accept them. |
A.have some good food |
B.enjoy their work |
C.exercise regularly |
D.discover fatigue toxins |
It is called the United States Conference of Mayors" Climate Protection Agreement.Local leaders have agreed to follow the suggestions of the Kyoto Protocol in their communities.They have also agreed to urge state and federal governments to follow these suggestions.One goal is to reduce air pollution to the 1990 levels by 2012.
A “green” city might work on several kinds of environmental goals and programs.These include air quality,reducing electricity use, green building, public health, the reuse of materials, water quality and clean transportation.
The Natural Resources Defense Council works to protect the environment through action, law and science.One of its online projects is called Smarter Cities, which lists some cities that have made important environmental steps.
Washington,D.C.is also a leading city for green roofs,with over 92,000 square meters of green rooftops.The city also launched a program called “Skip the Bag,Save the River.”Stores charge people a fivecent tax for using plastic or paper shopping bags instead of reusable bags.Money from the tax will be used to clean up a local river.
New York City is using water as a renewable energy source.For several years, the city has experimented with water in the East River to create energy.Officials operating the program recently asked for permission to put into place 30 river turbine devices.
The people of Portland, Oregon are among the top recyclers in the nation.People living there recycle over half of the waste they throw out.The city has also worked to provide green transportation by providing safe bike paths and free parking spaces where electric cars can get recharged.
In Oakland, California, you can ride on one of several public hydrogenpowered(氢气作燃料的) buses.These buses release zero pollution into the air.However,they cost about five times more than common buses.
小题1:The United States Conference of Mayors" Climate Protection Agreement is aimed at________.
A.reducing energy use |
B.reducing air pollution |
C.improving public health |
D.reusing waste materials |
A.To clean a local lake that has been polluted. |
B.To get enough money for the green roof project. |
C.To prevent shoppers from using reusable bags. |
D.To collect money for an environmental project. |
A.building green rooftops |
B.making transportation clean |
C.being good at recycling waste |
D.using renewable energy source |
A.Washington,D.C. B.New York.
C.Portland. D.Oakland.
小题5:One obvious disadvantage of adopting hydrogenpowered buses is________.
A.its high cost | B.side effect |
C.zero pollution | D.large space |
If you live in a place like Britain, where the weather seems to change daily if not hourly,you could be forgiven for thinking that the weather is random.In fact the weather is controlled by systems which move around areas of the globe.In the UK the weather depends on depressions (低压气流), often called lows,and anticyclones(反气旋),also known as highs.These systems start in the Atlantic Ocean, and make their way across the British Isles from the west to the east.Highs bring sunny weather, while lows bring rain and wind.In modern times, human activities seem to be altering weather patterns.Gases produced by heavy industry change the temperature of the earth"s surface,and affect cloud formation.Some researchers say that factories in Europe and North America may have been one of the causes of the droughts in Africa in the 1980s.
The human race has always tried to guess the weather,especially in areas of the world where there are frequent changes.Traditional rhymes point to early attempts to identify weather patterns; popular poems include:
Red sky at night, shepherd"s delight;red sky in the morning, shepherd"s warning.
Flies will swarm before a storm.
Rain before 7,clear by 11.
While folk wisdom can provide a guide to help forecast weather, today"s methods of prediction increasingly rely on technology.Satellites, balloons,ships, aircrafts and weather centers with sensitive monitoring equipment, send data to computers.The data is then processed, and the weather is predicted.However,even this system cannot predict weather for longer than about a week.
小题1:When weather keeps changing,________.
A.people become badtempered |
B.people"s reaction slows down |
C.people find it hard to focus on their work |
D.people find it easy to focus on their work |
A.random | B.moist |
C.depressing | D.satisfying |
A.windy | B.rainy |
C.fine | D.snowy |
A.Anticyclones often bring rain and wind. |
B.Weather forecasting has been done for a long time. |
C.Weather could never be predicted. |
D.Modern methods of weather prediction are developed from folk wisdom. |
A.Changes in weather. |
B.Weather in Britain. |
C.African droughts. |
D.Research on weather. |
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