Mothers, doctors and nurse alike have no idea of where a baby"s blood sugar level lies. All we know is
that a low level is harmful to brain development and makes a baby easily annoyed. In this state, the baby is difficult to calm down and sleep is impossible. The baby asks for attention by crying and searching for food with its mouth.
It is not just unkind but also dangerous to say a four-hourly feeding schedule will make a baby satisfied. The first of
the experts to advocate a strict clock-watching schedule was Dr Frederic Truby King, who was against
feeding in the
night. I"ve never heard anything so ridiculous. Baby feeding shouldn"t follow a timetable set by the mum.
What is important is feeding a baby in the best way, though it may cause some inconvenience in the first
few weeks.
Well, at last we have copper-bottomed research that supports demand feeding and points out the weaknesses of strictly timed feeding. The research finds out that babies who are fed on demand do better at
school at age 5, 7, 11 and 14, than babies fed according to the clock. By the age of 8, their IQ(智商)
scores are four to five percent higher than babies fed by a rigid timetable. This Research comes from
Oxford and Essex University using a sample(样本)of 10,419 children born in the early 1990s, taking
account of parental education, family income, a child"s sex and age, the mother"s health and feeling style.
These results don"t surprise me. Feeding according to schedule runs the risk of harming the rapidly growing brain by taking no account of sinking blood sugar levels.
I hope this research will put an end to advocating strictly timed baby feeding practices.
A. sick
B. upset
C. sleepy
D. hungry
B. He is unkind.
C. He has the wrong idea.
D. He sets a timetable for mothers.
A. basic
B. reliable
C. surprising
D. interesting
B. The baby will have its brain harmed.
C. The baby will have a low blood sugar level.
D. The baby will grow to be wiser by the age of 8.
B. every four hours
C. whenever it wants food
D. according to its blood sugar level
is available. First aid may save a life or improve certain important signs including pulse, temperature, an
unobstructed (未堵塞的) airway and breathing. In minor emergencies, first aid may prevent a victim"s
condition from worsening and provide relief from pain. First aid must be done as quickly as possible. In
the case of the badly injured, a few minutes car make the difference between complete recovery and loss
of life.
First-aid measures depend upon a victim"s needs and the provider"s level of knowledge and skill.
Knowing what not to do in an emergency is as important as knowing what to do. Improperly moving a person with a neck injury,for example,can lead to lifelong disabilify.
Despite the variety of possible injuries, several suggestions should be followed if first aid applies to all
emergencies. The first step is to call for professional medical help. The victim, if sensible, should be
reassured that medical aid has been requested, and asked for permission to provide any first aid. Next,
assess (评估) the scene, asking other people or the injured person"s family or friends about details of the
injury or illness, any care that may have already been given, and preexisting conditions such as high blood
pressure and heart trouble. The victim"s medical card should be checked that describes special medical
conditions. Unless the accident scene becomes unsafe or the victim may suffer further injury, do not move
the victim.
First aid requires rapid assessment of victims to determine whether life-threatening conditions exist.
One method to assess a victim"s condition is known as the ABC, which stands for:
A-Airway: ls it open and unobstructed?
B-Breathing: Is the person breathing? Look, listen, and feel for breathing.
C-Circulation (循环) : Is there a pulse? Is the person bleeding badly? Check skin color and
temperature for additional indications of circulation problems.
B. spend a few minutes making the difference between recovery and death
C. know what to do and what not to do according to the condition of the victim
D. make it clear what illness the victim has had
B. Checking whether the victim is bleeding.
C. Telephoning a hospital at once.
D. Waiting for medical treatment before giving first aid.
B. signs
C. instruments
D. treatments
B. the history and skills of first aid
C. some knowledge to help anyone who may be injured in an accident
D. that first aid is dangerous to those who do not know how to do it
empty space. But,with the number of flights increasing each year,this emptiness no longer exists.
Researchers in the world of aviation(航空) are worried about the increasing pressure on pilots and
ground controllers. And increasing collisions ,occurring at or near an airport,have called attention to the
need for more aids(辅助设备) to aviation control.
People who travel the skies are not certain about air safety. A great deal of money is spent on new
and bigger aircraft and airports to deal with the vast increase in passengers travelling by air. Only a small
percentage of this money is spent on navigation(导航) and other aids. Actually,suitable electronic
equipment has long existed,and many companies market safety aids designed to make it safer for aircraft
to take off,fly any distance,and land,whatever the weather.
Yet,there are two problems to be solved. The first is to get govemments,airlines and airport officials to
agree to basic levels of safety aids. The second problem is to find a way of meeting these basic
requirements.
But no matter how well the equipment works,operators of the equipment still play an important role.
Communications between pilots and ground controllers are extremely important to air safety. It is worth
pointing out that the mishearing or misunderstanding of instructions in English and the use of another
language,in an intemational conversation,has led to two recent aircraft accidents. A new type of
instrument(仪器) called FLIGHTWATCH would help pilots prevent airport collisions. It would be
particularly helpful near airports.
B. there is no empty space for aids to aviation control
C. piloting and controlling planes is getting more difficult
D. the pressure on the ground becomes greater
B. money spent on electronic equipment is far from enough
C. suitable electronic equipment hasn"t been invented yet
D. it is dangerous for planes to take off or land
B. misunderstandings between pilots and ground controllers
C. quarrels among passengers
D. breakdowns of new types of instrument
People from East Asia tend to have more difficulty than those from Europe in distinguishing facial
expressions-and a new report published online in Current Biology explains why.
Rachael Jack,University of Glasgow researcher,said that rather than scanning evenly (均匀的)
across a face asWestemers do,Eastemers fix their attention on the eyes.
"We show that Eastemers and Westemers look at different face features to read facial expressions,
" Jack said." Westemers look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure.whereas Easterners favor the
eyes and neglect(忽略) the mouth. "
According to Jack and her colleagues,the discovery shows that human communication of emotion is
more complex than previously believed. As a result,facial expressions that had been considered
universally recognizable cannot be used to reliably convey emotion in cross-cultural situations.
The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the
eye movements of 13 Westem Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of
expressive faces and put them into categories: happy,sad,surprised,fearful,disgusted,angry,or neutral.
They compared how accurately participants read those facial expressions using their particular eye
movement strategies.
It turned out that Eastemers focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more
errors than Westerners did. "The cultural difference in eye movements that they show is probably a
reflection of cultural difference in facial expressions,"Jack said." Our data suggest that whereas
Westemers use the whole face to convey emotion, Eastemers use the eyes more and mouth less."
In short,the data show that facial expressions are not universal signals of human emotion. From
here on,examining how cultural factors have diversified these basic social skills will help our understanding of human emotion. Otherwise, when it comes to communicating emotions across cultures, Eastemers and Westemers will find themselves lost in trans- lation.
B. consider facial expressions universally reliable
C. observe the eyes and the mouth in different ways
D. have more difficulty in recognizing facial expressions
B. To get their faces impressive.
C. To classify some face pictures.
D. To observe the researchers" faces.
B. The researchers of the study.
C. The errors made"during the study.
D. The data collected from the study.
B. study the mouth more frequently
C. examine the eyes more attentively
D. read facial expressions more correctly
B. Cultural Differences in Reading Emotions.
C. Effective Methods to Develop Social Skills.
D. How to Increase Cross-cultural Understanding.
根据短文内容,从下框的A～F选项中选出能概括每一段主题的最佳选项.项中有一项为多余项.
A. Be well-organised.
B. Close with a Q & A.
C. Don"t be contradictory.
D. Bring it to a specific end
E. Speak slowly and pause.
F. Drop unnecessary words
Speaking to a group can be difficult, but listening to a bad speech is truly a tiresome task-especially
when the speaker is confusing. Don"t want to confuse your audience? Follow these suggestions:
1.
When it comes to understanding new information, the human brain needs a little time. First, we hear the words; then, we compare the new information to what we already know. If the two are different, we need to pause and think. But abreathless speaker never stops to let us think about what he or she is saying and
risks confusing us. Slow it
2.
Sometimes we all start a sentence one way and then switch directions, which is very difficult to follow. When you the audience confuse your listeners with opposing information, you leave the audience
wondering what part of the information is right and what part they should remember. Instead of relying and keeping correcting yourself, work to get the facts clear and straight.
3.
Jumpng from point to point as it comes to your mind puts the onus (责任)on your listeners to make up
for your lack of organisation. And it"s confusing for them to listen, reorganise, and figure out what you"re
saying all at once. But going smoothly from one point to the next helps them understand information more
easily. You can arrange things from beginning to end, small to large, top to bottom or by some other order. Just be sure to organise.
4.
Repeated use of um, ah, like, you know and some other useless noises can drive an audience crazy. It makes the speaker sound uncertain and unprepared, and it can leave listeners so annoyed that they can"t
pay attention. Recently I attended a speech that was marked by so many ums that audience members were rolling their eyes. Was anybody grasping the intended message? Um, probably not.
5.
Many speakers finish up their speeches with question-and-answer (Q & A) sessions, but some let the Q & A go on without a clear end. The audience is often left confused about whether the meeting is over
and when they can get up and leave. Do your listeners a favour by setting a time limit on questions, and
close your speech with a specific signal-even if it"s something simple like, "If you have any more questions, you know where to reach me."
Or even more to the point, conclude your speech with "Thanks for your time. "
Maureen. With a check list of criteriain hand, the Dallas family looked around the country visiting half
a dozen schools. They sought a university that offered the teenager"s intended major, one located near a
large city, and a campus where their daughter would be safe.
"The safety issue is a big one," says Joe Mahoney, who quickly discovered he wasn"t alone in his
worries. On campus tours other parents voiced similar concerns, and the same question was always asked: What about crime? But when college officials always gave the same answer, "That"s not a problem here. " Mahoney began to feel uneasy.
"No crime whatsoever?" comments Mahoney today. "I just don"t buy it. "Nor should he; in 1999 the
US Department of Education had reports of nearly 400,000 serious crimes on or around our campuses. " Parents need to understand that times have changed since they went to college," says David Nichols,
author of Creatinga Safe Campus. "Campus crime mirrors the rest of the nation. "
But getting accurate information isn"t easy. Colleges must report crime statistics (统计数字) by law, but some hold back for fear of bad publicity, leaving the honest ones looking dangerous. "The truth may not
always be obvious, "warns S. Daniel Carter of Security on Campus, Inc. , the nation"s leading campus
safety watchdoggroup.
To help concerned parents, Carter promised to visit campuses and talk to experts around the country
to find out major crime issues and effective solutions.
B. to choose a right one for their daughter
C. to check the cost of college education
D. to find a right one near a large city
B. mirror the rest of the nation
C. hide the truth of campus crime
D. have too many watchdog groups
B. admit
C. believe
D. expect
_____.
B. that report campus crimes by law
C. that are free from campus crime
D. that enjoy very good publicity
B. Crimes on or around campuses.
C. Effective solutions to campus crime.
D. Concerns about kids" campus safety
- 1在实行议会君主制的资本主义国家里( )A．政府具有最高国家权力机关的性质B．国家元首具有最高国家权力机关的性质C．政党组
- 2根据下表，下列说法正确的是[ ]A、年径流量最大的是西江 B、枯水期最短的是松花江 C、汛期最长
- 3150多年历史的世博会，已经成为新理念、新知识、新文化、新技术、新产品首发“亮相”的集中地，1889年巴黎世博会首发“亮
- 4今年是新中国成立60周年，国庆期间举行了盛大的阅兵活动，展示了中华民族的精神风貌。据此回答4～5题。4.面对祖国的变化，
- 5氢氧化钠俗名叫烧碱，这是因为它具有强烈的______性；氢氧化钠必需密封保存，因为它能够吸收空气中的______而潮解，
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- 1补写出下列名句名篇中的空缺部分。（6分）小题1: ，受上赏；
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- 3在下面的情境中，回答不得体的一项是[ ] 江涛把自己的200元压岁钱寄给了灾区希望小学。有的同学问他是不是想出
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- 9某厂用10万元新购一台生产设备，投入运行后每年需要管理费固定为9千元，同时还需要设备维修和养护，第一年维修和养护费需要2
- 10下列有关文学常识的表达，有错误的一项是A．“胜败兵家事不期，包羞忍耻是男儿。江东子弟多才俊。卷土重来未可知”，这首诗写了