Full face transplants are no longer science fiction fantasy, a leading surgeon has said, adding that they are technically practical but ethically（道德地）complex.
Peter Butler from London’s Royal Free Hospital called for a debate on the ethics of such an operation made possible by new drugs which stop the body’s immune (免疫）system rejecting a transplanted face. “It is not ‘can you do it?’ but ‘should we do it?’” he told the BBC. “The technical part is not complex, but I don’t think that’s going to be the very great difficulty. The ethical and moral debate is obviously going to have to take place before the first facial transplantation.”
The British Association of Plastic Surgeons will discuss the microsurgical procedure (微型外科技术), which could give new skin, bone, nose, chin, lips and ears from deceased donors to patients disfigured（毁容的）by accidents, burns or cancer. But surgeons could have trouble finding enough willing donors. Butler said his survey of doctors, nurses and members of the public showed most would accept a face transplant but few were willing to donate their own after dying.
Despite a number of ethical concerns, Christine Piff, who founded the charity Let’s Face It after suffering a rare facial cancer 25 years ago, welcomed the possibility of face transplants. She rejected the idea that the procedure would mean people would end up living with a dead person’s face. “There are so many people without faces, I have half a face… but we are all so much more than just a face… you don’t take on their personality. You are still you,” she told reporters. “If we can donate other organs of the body then why not the face. I can’t see anything wrong with it.”
小题1:The underlined word “deceased” in the third paragraph probably means _________.| A．living | B．dead | C．diseased | D．dying |
小题2: When Christine Piff says “There are so many people without faces…”, she refers to the people _________.| A．who are dishonorable and shameless | | B．who disagree with the full face transplant | | C．who are seriously injured by an accident | | D．who are disfigured by accidents, burns and cancer |
小题3:According to the passage, what makes it likely to carry out a facial transplantation?| A．Drugs are available to stop the body’s immune system rejecting a transplanted face. | | B．There are some people who are willing to donate their faces after dying. | | C．Most people accept the idea of face transplants. | | D．It’s morally practical, though technically complex. |
小题4:What is implied but not stated in the passage?| A．Christine Piff has been the first lucky patient to receive a face transplant. | | B．Surgeons have difficulty finding enough willing donors. | | C．The main difficulty with the operation lies in the matter of ethics and morality. | | D．Nobody other than Christine Piff is quite in favor of the donation of organs. |
小题5:What would be the best title for the text?| A．First Facial Transplantation | | B．Debate on the Ethics of Transplant | | C．Face Transplant No Longer Science Fantasy | | D．Let’s Face It |
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小题1:B
小题2:D
小题3:A
小题4:C
小题5:C |
试题分析：语篇解读：人脸移植对我们来讲已不再是科幻梦想，它虽然已在技术上过关，但在具体实施上引起一系列伦理道德方面的争议。
小题1:词义猜测题。从第三段最后一句“...but few were willing to donate their own after dying.”可以猜测出该词的意思。可知deceased是“死的”答案是B
小题2:细节理解题。由下文“I have half a face...”可知，此处指的是毁了容的人，也就是在上文提到的patients disfigured by accidents，burns or cancer。 答案：D
小题3:细节理解题。由第二段中的第一句中的“...such an operation made possible by new drugs which stop the body"s immune system rejecting a transplanted face.”可知可以阻止人体免疫系统排斥移植器官的药物的和技术的发展使面部移植成为可能，答案A
小题4:推理判断题。由文中给出的信息看，人脸移植在技术上已经过关，所涉及到的主要是伦理道德方面的问题。 答案：C
小题5:主旨大意题。综观全文可知，人脸移植对我们来讲不再是科学幻想。 答案C |
核心考点
试题【Full face transplants are no longer science fiction fantasy, a leading surgeon h】；主要考察你对
题材分类等知识点的理解。
[详细]举一反三
Our environment isn’t as green and beautiful as it should be. There are steel monsters blocking out the sun, blowing out dangerous smoke, and letting out poisonous chemicals into rivers, cars producing harmful waste gas, people throwing out waste in a wrong way and all other kinds of sources that ruin the planet. Facing current environmental problems, people need to do their best to save the Earth.
You can see many big garbage dustbins in the streets. They’re not there for a show, but for you to drop your waste. We should realize that what a little we do does count. So next time you get that urge to throw gum or a chocolate package out of the car window, or “ accidentally” drop as you walk down the street, ask yourself how much waste you’ve been contributing to the environment with that bad habit going on for years.
At home, the first thing we can do to protect the environment is avoid letting water run continuously and make sure that taps（水龙头）are not leaky（泄露的），which would help greatly in scrimping. Another is to use energy-saving lights, and turn them off before you leave the rooms. It’s not only energy-saving, but also cuts down electricity costs.
Recycling is a method to make items reusable. Many things you want to throw out can be made into new products through the reproducing process. Use your imagination to come up with ways on things that you can use again.
Pass the message of simple ways to save the environment on to kids. Starting with kids is a good way of teaching the message early in their lives, in the hope that they can carry it forward as they grow older.
With environmental protection awareness in mind, we can do what we can, for the results are to have a big effect on the planet. As long as we do our part, the world is one small step closer to being saved.
小题1:The underlined word “scrimping” in the third paragraph can be replaced by _____.| A．saving | B．cleaning | C．cooking | D．drinking |
小题2:From the fifth paragraph, we can know that ________.| A．protecting the environment begins with small chores | | B．protecting the environment should start from childhood. | | C．wonderful life comes from environmental protection | | D．protecting the environment benefits the country and the people |
小题3:Which of the following isn’t true?| A．The more people do their part, the greener the environment will be. | | B．Selling what you don’t want any more is a kind of recycling. | | C．To protect the environment may help you save some money. | | D．Your bad habits for the environment are a valuable contribution. |
小题4:Which of the following can be the best title for this passage?| A．The Use of Garbage Dustbin | | B．How to Save Water and Electricity | | C．How to Save the Environment | | D．Our Current Environmental Problems |
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At East China University of Science and Technology, students will get a coupon（优惠券）if they eat up their food. Students can collect coupons and exchange them for small gifts, such as books, magazines, mobile phone covers and hand warmers.
“It’s been such a surprise,” said Liang Zhaoyun, 19, a student at the university in Shanghai. “It has given us one more motivation to finish our food.”
The measure （措施） is part of a national “eat-up” campaign（行动） which is organized by students to deal with food waste on campuses（校园）.
Why only on campuses, you might ask? Because according to a report by Xinhna News Agency, students waste twice as much food as the national average（平均）.
The campaign on campus food waste is receiving attention across the country.
“The aim of the campaign is not only to encourage students to finish their food. We hope it can also encourage students to choose a more environment-friendly and healthy lifestyle,” said Tao Siliang, secretary of the Youth League Committee at Shanghai University.
But some school food is poorly prepared, so students do not like to finish it all. Some schools have taken notice of this and they are taking measures to improve it.
“I’m glad that we’ve reduced food waste since the ‘eat-up’ campaign began. But if we call on students to waste less food, we should also improve the service and food standard on campuses.” said Tao.
小题1:From Paragraph l, we know that the students will get a coupon __________.| A．when they eat school food | B．after they exchange gifts | | C．if they collect the waste | D．if they finish all their food |
小题2:The underlined word “motivation” in Paragraph 2 means __________ in Chinese.小题3:The “eat-up” campaign is carried out on campuses because __________.| A．students get a good education | | B．schools offer small gifts | | C．students waste too much food | | D．school food is more delicious |
小题4:The purpose of the campaign is mainly to __________.| A．improve the school food standard | | B．encourage a greener and healthier lifestyle | | C．receive attention from the society | | D．further improve the service in universities |
小题5: The best title for this passage may be __________.| A．Enjoy Your Food! | B．Reduce Waste on Campus | | C．Meals in Universities. | D．“Eat-up” Campaign on Campus |
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Which came first, the chicken or the egg? This is one of life’s ______ questions and people have been debating about it for thousands of years. Now scientists believe they have solved this ______. Researchers from Sheffield and Warwick Universities in England discovered the answer ____. They used a super computer to observe the shell-making process while a new shell was ____. Then they found one protein called OC17 that is ______ for forming eggshell. This is only found inside a chicken’s body, which is proof that the ______ came first. The team was ______ looking at how animals and birds make eggshells but suddenly made their surprising ______. The big question now is where chickens came from. The ______ is from dinosaurs.
The research team said eggshells are one of nature’s most ______ creations. Professor John Harding from the team told reporters: “Understanding how chickens make eggshells is fascinating in itself, but it can also be _____ in designing new materials.” Eggshells are very lightweight but incredibly strong. Even the most up-to-date materials _____ by the world’s top engineers cannot produce anything as ______ as an eggshell. Professor Harding added that ______ eggshells could help to cure bone diseases and design materials for the construction industry. “Nature has found wonderful ways that ___ for all kinds of problems in materials science and technology — we can learn a lot from them.” he said.
| 小题1: | | A．strangest | B．best | C．oldest | D．Closest |
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| 小题2: | | A．puzzle | B．fact | C．history | D．opinion |
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| 小题3: | | A．on purpose | B．by chance | C．without hesitation | D．at work |
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| 小题4: | | A．breaking | B．changing | C．disappearing | D．Forming |
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| 小题5: | | A．necessary | B．easy | C．kind | D．impossible |
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| 小题6: | | A．egg | B．eggshell | C．chicken | D．dinosaur |
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| 小题7: | | A．obviously | B．originally | C．thoughtfully | D．surprisingly |
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| 小题8: | | A．invention | B．mistake | C．statement | D．discovery |
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| 小题9: | | A．answer | B．research | C．road | D．egg |
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| 小题10: | | A．common | B．ridiculous | C．funny | D．amazing |
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| 小题11: | | A．interesting | B．helpful | C．normal | D．correct |
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| 小题12: | | A．bought | B．cut | C．designed | D．carried |
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| 小题13: | | A．brilliant | B．ordinary | C．1ight | D．small |
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| 小题14: | | A．finding | B．watching | C．studying | D．making |
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| 小题15: | | A．happen | B．work | C．wait | D．Look |
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Most American schools have boys and girls in the same classroom. But a public high school in the small, rural town of Boonsboro, Maryland, offers a special program called the Academy. Top students in the ninth and tenth grades can attend single-sex classes for math, science, English and social studies.
The aim is to help teenagers keep their mind on their work by keeping males and females apart. What they really want to do is take that top group of kids and take them to the very highest level they can achieve there, so that they’re prepared for college.
Students are invited to enter this program after they finish middle school, and placement in the Academy is voluntary. However, they need high marks and test scores and strong teacher recommendations. They also need to be involved in activities.
Almost 350 students have taken part in the Academy. It began as an experiment in 2010.
Michael Bair has been at Boonsboro High for twenty years and directs the Academy. His ninth-grade English class for boys centers on books that he believes boys find interesting. He says that the novels the students are reading now are very manly (男子气概的) novels. These novels deal with the arrogance (傲慢) of man and the pride of man which finally leads to man’s downfall.
One of those books, for example, is The Call of the Wild by Jack London. This classic story tells of a dog stolen from his home and sold to work as a sled dog in Canada’s Klondike Gold Rush.
Morgan Fleet, a senior at Boonsboro High, likes being in the Academy. She says boys and girls act differently when they are together in a classroom. She believes this difference seems to prevent her from developing herself because she’s more focused on thoughts like “Oh, I wish they would shut up. Oh, what do they think of me?’’ instead of focusing on “What’s the homework? What’s going on in this class? What’s the lesson?”.
There is one activity that girls and boys in the Academy do together. At the end of the day, many of them stay and help tutor students who are having trouble in school.
小题1:What is the purpose of the Academy program?| A．To offer a special program in high school. | | B．To help students concentrate on study. | | C．To strengthen sex education for teenagers. | | D．To start learning college courses earlier. |
小题2:To enter the Academy program, students are NOT required to _________.| A．do well in their study | B．be recommended by teachers | | C．take part in some activities | D．have worked as volunteers |
小题3:The Call of the Wild is given as an example to show that male students ___.| A．should learn more about literature | | B．should have a sense of protecting the wildlife | | C．are reading more manly novels | | D．are interested in stories on animals |
小题4:Which is likely to be Morgan Fleet’s opinion?| A．A girl cares about the boys’ opinions of her. | | B．Single-sex classes should be stopped. | | C．Girls are more focused when studying with boys. | | D．Boys and girls act the same in separate classrooms. |
小题5:The passage is intended to _________.| A．introduce the single-sex class project | | B．explain the differences between boys and girls | | C．persuade students to enter the Academy program | | D．urge students to work hard in their study |
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Bicycle lights may not exactly be a problem that needs solving, but the following can be said about most of them ---- they’re easily stolen if left on an unattended bike. People riding at dusk can forget to turn them on, and those same people can forget to turn them off when they reach their destination. Well, the makers of the Blink/ Steady Bike Light have set out to address all of those shortcomings.
The waterproof(防水的) Blink/ Steady is so far only available as a tail light, although a head light is on the way. It’s fixed onto the bike’s seat post. A built- in photosensor(感光器) tells when it’s become dark enough for the light to be required, and allows it to come on once you begin the riding. According to the producers, it isn’t fooled by things such as headlights or streetlights. The light also contains an accelerometer, also known as a motion sensor, which can tell when the bike is in motion.
Between the two sensors, this means the light will come on only once it’s dark enough, and the bike is moving. Even when stopped at red lights, the small movements of the rider will reportedly be enough to keep the light activated---- it’ll go out after 30 seconds of complete inactivity. While this does mean that the two sensors are continuously powered up, they go into a very low---- power sleep pattern when the bike is sitting, unused.
Light is provided by two5- watt LEDs, seeable over a range of 180 degrees. And power comes from two AAA batteries, which provided up to 200 hours of continuous run time. The designers and engineers behind the Blink/ Steady are now raising money for its commercial production. About US $95 will get you one if they become available.
小题1:The first paragraph is mainly to mean that______.| A．bicycle lights are worth a research | | B．bicycle lights are not a problem at all | | C．bicycle lights are easy to deal with | | D．bicycle lights are difficult to turn off |
小题2:According to the text, the Blink/Steady Bike Light is sensitive to______.| A．the weather | B．streetlights | C．headlights | D．natural light |
小题3:Why is there an accelerometer in the Blink/ Steady Bike Light?| A．To protect the bike against water. | | B．To tell if the bike is moving. | | C．To make the bike easy to ride. | | D．To judge the speed of the bike. |
小题4:What can be inferred about the Blink/ Steady Bike Light?| A．It will be turned off immediately if the bike stops. | | B．The traffic lights have no effect on the light. | | C．It won’t use any power if the bike is unused. | | D．It must meet two requirements if it comes on. |
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