Did anyone find the names of “Great Britain”, “the United Kingdom”, “England” and “the British commonwealth” which have the same meaning? Strictly speaking, these names all refer to something different. None of them are exactly the same as any of the others.
The British isles refer to the main islands and several thousand small ones as well, which you can see on the map. Great Britain, or Britain, refers to the larger of the two main islands. But the word “Britain” is often used as a short form for the United Kingdom or you call it the UK.
Now as for England, it refers simply to the largest of the three countries on the island of Great Britain. The United Kingdom is the name of the state and the official name of the country, which many people popularly refer to England.
Finally, the Britain commonwealth is the usual name for what is left of the British Empire (帝国). This change shows the weakening of British Empire and the rising of the national liberation movements throughout the world today.
小题1:According to the passage, we know that _____________. | A．Great Britain has the same meaning as Britain | | B．all the names refer to England | | C．the United Kingdom has the same meaning as Britain or England | | D．all the names in the first paragraph have the same meaning |
小题2: It is clear that the British isles refer to _____________. | A．Britain, England and the UK | | B．the two main islands and thousands of small ones | | C．three countries and several islands | | D．Great Britain or the United Kingdom |
小题3:We can infer that .| A．The country hasn’t an exact name. | | B．Few people know its real name. | | C．All the names have exact meaning. | | D．Generally speaking,the names can all be used to stand for the country. |
小题4:Which of the following shows the right relationship (关系) between the British isles (BI), Britain (B) and England (E)?
A. B>BI>E.B. BI>E>B. C. E>B>BI. D. BI>B>E.
小题5:If you want to write to someone in Edinburgh that lies in Scotland, you should write the address as _____________. | A．Edinburgh, England | | B．Edinburgh, Scotland ,Great Britain | | C．Scotland, Edinburgh, England | | D．Great Britain, Scotland, Edinburgh |
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小题1:A
小题2:B
小题3:D
小题4:D
小题5:B |
试题分析：文章介绍英国的不同的名字，和它们具体所指的地方，虽然这些名字可以被用来代表这个国家，但是含义还是有差别的。
小题1:细节题：从第一段的句子：Did anyone find the names of “Great Britain”, “the United Kingdom”, “England” and “the British commonwealth” which have the same meaning?可知Great Britain 和Britain 都是英国的意思，选A
小题2:细节题：从文章第二段的句子：The British isles refer to the main islands and several thousand small ones as well, which you can see on the map.可知British isles是指两个主岛和成千上万的小岛，选 B
小题3:推理题：从文章的内容：虽然具体指的地方有不同，但是可以推断出，一般来说，这些名字可以被用来代表这个国家，选D
小题4:细节题：从第二段的句子：The British isles refer to the main islands and several thousand small ones as well, which you can see on the map. Great Britain, or Britain, refers to the larger of the two main islands. But the word “Britain” is often used as a short form for the United Kingdom or you call it the UK. 可知The British isles要大于 Great Britain，Great Britain大于Britain, 所以选D。
小题5:推理题：从文章的内容：Great Britain是整个大不列颠，Scotland 是苏格兰,Edinburgh,是一个城市所以依据写信的地址格式，小的地址在前面，可知如果你想写信给在苏格兰的Edinburgh 的人，地址应该写成Edinburgh, Scotland ,Great Britain，选B |
核心考点
试题【Did anyone find the names of “Great Britain”, “the United Kingdom”, “England” an】；主要考察你对
题材分类等知识点的理解。
[详细]举一反三
From the time I was seven, I had a dream of becoming a member of the Students Union. I always my school leaders for taking responsibility for all of us. So I dreamed of being a leader.
Years flew by, and soon I was able to take part in the elections(选举), I would win. But the reality proved that I hadn"t had a chance. I wasn"t pretty. Girls in the school hardly knew me. I just did not have what it to win a school election. I was .
As I cried in my room that evening, I suddenly took a deep breath and decided I wouldn"t stop dreaming. I decided that I would for elections again in my final year at school—and I would the election.
I recognized that my had a lot of things in their favor. What were in favor? I had good grades, and I was friendly and helpful. And my biggest was the faith I had. I would not allow my plain appearance to hold me from my heading forward. That evening, I my election plans a whole year ahead of time.
I realized that girls would have to get to know me and recognize that I had the ability to them. I loved making friends and I liked being helpful, I decided that perhaps I could use these qualities to win. In order to learn how to give a great election , I also attended a course on effective public speaking.
The day after the election, when the headmaster announced I won the second highest number of votes, the students . That joy on the faces of all my friends showed me that my victory was theirs.
Suddenly, I realized that I had much more than I had dreamed of. I had made many new friends and had helped people along the way. I had won the and love of my schoolmates and they me as somebody who would stand by them. I was able to put a smile on their faces and their day.
| 小题1: | | A．admired | B．remembered | C．praised | D．believed |
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| 小题2: | | A．hoping | B．planning | C．pretending | D．judging |
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| 小题3: | | A．offered | B．provided | C．meant | D．took |
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| 小题4: | | A．concerned | B．upset | C．surprised | D．angry |
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| 小题5: | | A．pay | B．speak | C．enter | D．wait |
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| 小题6: | | A．beat | B．win | C．defeat | D．earn |
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| 小题7: | | A．competitors | B．classmates | C．enemies | D．schoolmates |
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| 小题8: | | A．their | B．your | C．our | D．my |
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| 小题9: | | A．problem | B．strength | C．worry | D．dream |
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| 小题11: | | A．began | B．discussed | C．announced | D．challenged |
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| 小题12: | | A．consider | B．accompany | C．represent | D．support |
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| 小题14: | | A．research | B．speech | C．meeting | D．promise |
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| 小题15: | | A．nodded | B．gathered | C．cheered | D．cried |
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| 小题16: | | A．only | B．still | C．almost | D．also |
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| 小题17: | | A．achieved | B．avoided | C．devoted | D．developed |
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| 小题18: | | A．announcement | B．recognition | C．communication | D．excitement |
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| 小题19: | | A．consider | B．speak | C．tell | D．say |
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| 小题20: | | A．enlarge | B．wish | C．brighten | D．experience |
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Having spent two and a half years in China over several visits, I don’t remember ever going through a phase we in the United States call “cultural shock”. This period of difficulty in adjusting to a new culture would probably have set in during my semester at Peking University. Of course, this is not to say that I didn’t notice any differences between the American and Chinese cultures upon my arrival at Peking University, I did notice the differences. Looking back, I remember one of the first differences I noticed: Chinese universities are surrounded by walls.
To an American, this is one of the most striking aspects of a Chinese university which immediately sets it apart from an American campus. Having grown up in the United States, I had never seen a university surrounded by high, cement(水泥) walls. My idea of a university, based on having seen scores of them in different states of the U.S., was a place of life and learning, an inseparable part of the community in which it was located, open not only to the students of the school itself, but also fully accessible to students from other schools and to the broader public.
My idea of a university was that it was a center of cultural life, a resource for the entire community. In all my twenty-one years, it had never occurred to me that a school would have a wall around it. Walls enclose and separate; schools expand and integrate(合并). The very idea seemed fundamentally incompatible. I asked a Chinese friend if all Chinese universities have walls around them. “You know, I have never really thought about it. I guess so. I guess all Chinese schools have walls around them, not just universities.” “Why?” I asked, “What’s the point?” “I don’t know. To protect us, I suppose.” “From whom?” “I don’t know. Don’t you have walls around your schools in the United States?” I thought carefully before answering. “No, I’ve never seen or heard of a university encircled by a wall.” My Chinese friend seemed puzzled. Walls around schools came to strike me as more than just an architectural difference between the United States and China. As China continues to open up to the outside world, these walls seem increasingly out of place.
小题1:The author felt strange about Chinese culture when he ___________.| A．studied in Peking University | | B．talked with his friends about the walls | | C．experienced the “cultural shock” at his arrival | | D．spent two and a half years in China over several visits |
小题2:In the author’s opinion, a university is a place ___________.| A．where only students can come to study | | B．which is similar everywhere in the world | | C．that should be surrounded by high cement walls | | D．that is an inseparable part of and a resource for the community |
小题3:What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph probably mean?| A．The two ideas are fundamental. | | B．The two ideas are basically different. | | C．The two ideas about “school” and “wall” are suitable. | | D．The two ideas about “school” and “wall” are conflicting. |
小题4:What did the author’s friend feel about the walls around universities?| A．He thought it a good idea to have walls encircling schools. | | B．He was shocked that American universities are not enclosed. | | C．He thought they were necessary to protect students from being hurt. | | D．He thought the difference between two countries is only architectural styles. |
小题5:We can infer from the passage that the author thinks _____________.| A．walls are really useful in the universities | | B．he can never really understand the Chinese culture | | C．Chinese universities should work as public scenic spots | | D．walls around the universities are inappropriate in an open China |
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A black hole is a place in space where gravity pulls so much that even light cannot get out. The gravity is so strong because matter has been squeezed into a tiny space. This can happen when a star is dying.
Because no light can get out, people can’t see black holes. Space telescopes with special tools can help find black holes. The special tools can see how stars that are very close to black holes act differently from other ones.
Black holes can be big or small. Scientists think the smallest black holes are as small as just one atom. These black holes are very tiny but have the mass of a large mountain. Mass is the amount of matter, or “staff”, in an object.
Another kind of black hole is called “stellar”(星球黑洞). Its mass can be up to 20 times more than the mass of the sun. There may be many stellar mass black holes in Earth’s galaxy. Earth’s galaxy is called the Milky Way.
The largest black holes are called “supermassive”(超大质量黑洞). These black holes have masses that are more than one million suns together. Scientists have found proof that every large galaxy contains a supermassive black hole at its center. The supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way galaxy has a mass equal to about four million suns and would fit inside a very large ball that could hold a few million Earths.
Scientists think the smallest black holes formed when the universe began. Stellar black holes are made when the center of a very big star falls in upon itself, or falls apart. When this happens, it exploded part of the star into space. Scientists think supermassive black holes were made at the same time as the galaxy they are in.
A black hole can not be seen because strong gravity pulls all of the light into the middle of the black hole. But scientists can see how the strong gravity affects the stars and gas around the black hole. Scientists can study stars to find out if they are flying around, or orbiting a black hole.
When a black hole and a star are close together, high-energy light is made. This kind of light cannot be seen with human eyes. Scientists use satellites and telescopes in space to see the high-energy light.
小题1:The gravity of a black hole may become so strong that light cannot get out when ____________.| A．the star is going to die | | B．special tools are used on it | | C．other stars come close to it | | D．it is seen from the space telescopes |
小题2:According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?| A．A black hole can be very tiny but extremely heavy. | | B．The gravity of a black hole holds all light in its center. | | C．Scientists observe high-energy light through their own eyes. | | D．Some small black holes came into being as early as the universe. |
小题3:The underlined word “galaxy” in Paragraph 5 means __________.| A．a black hole | B．the Milky Way | | C．a series of stars | D．a planet near the earth |
小题4:What does the last sentence in Paragraph 5 suggest?| A．Neither the sun nor the earth is as heavy as a black hole. | | B．There is a supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way. | | C．The supermassive black hole had existed before the Milky Way was formed. | | D．There is a reason why the large black holes are called “supermassive”. |
小题5:The last two paragraph mainly focus on the question of _________.| A．what a black hole is | | B．how black holes form | | C．how big black holes are | | D．how scientists know about black holes |
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The computer keyboard helped kill shorthand—a system of rapid handwriting, and now it’s threatening to finish off handwriting as a whole. When handwritten essays were introduced on the SAT exams for the class of 2012, just 15% of the most1.5 million students wrote their answers in cursive(草写字母). The rest? Block letters.
And those college hopefuls are just the first edge of a wave of US students who no longer get much handwriting instructions in the primary grades, frequently 10 minutes a day or less. As a result, more and more students struggle to read and write cursive.
At Keene Mill Elementary School in Springfield, all their poems and stories are typed. Children in Fairfax County schools are taught keyboarding beginning in kindergarten. Older students who never mastered handwriting say it doesn’t affect their grades.
There are those who say the culture is at a crossing, turning from the written word to the typed one. If handwriting becomes a lost form of communication, does it matter?
It was at University Virginia that researchers recently discovered a previously unknown poem by Robert, written in his unique script. Handwritten documents are more valuable to researchers, historians say, because their authenticity(真实性) can be confirmed. Students also find them more fascinating.
The loss of handwriting also may be a cognitive(认知的) opportunity missed. Several academic studies have found that good handwriting skills at a young age can help children express their thoughts better—a lifelong benefit.
It doesn’t take much to teach better handwriting skills. At some schools in Prince George’s County, elementary school students use a program called Handwriting Without Tears for 15 minutes a day. They learn the correct formation of manuscript letters through second grade, and cursive letters in third grade.
There are always going to be some kids who struggle with handwriting because of their particular neurological(神经系统的) writing, learning issues or poor motor skills. Educators often point to this factor in support of keyboarding.
小题1:What is the author concerned about after 2012 Sat exams?| A．Keyboarding. | B．Shorthand. | C．Handwriting. | D．Block letters. |
小题2:A poem by Robert mentioned in the passage is used to ____________.| A．prove how valuable handwriting is | | B．explain what a famous poet he is | | C．show how unique his poem is | | D．stress how fascinating the documents are |
小题3:The example of Handwriting Without Tears helps to argue that _____________. | A．the schools are responsible for the loss of handwriting | | B．the loss of handwriting is a cognitive opportunity missed | | C．it doesn’t take much to teach better handwriting skills | | D．the culture is turning from the written word to the typed one |
小题4:According to the author, when is a perfect time to learn handwriting?| A．Kindergarten. | B．Primary school. | | C．High school. | D．College. |
小题5:What is the author’s attitude towards this debate? | A．Devotion. | B．Encouragement. | C．Critical. | D．Objective. |
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Make Up Your Mind to Succeed
Kind-hearted parents have unknowingly left their children defenseless against failure．The generation (age) born between 1980 and 2001 grew up playing sports where scores (marks) and performance (show) were played down because “everyone"s winner.” And their report cards sounded more positive than ever before．As a result, Stanford University professor Carol Dweck, PhD, calls them “the overpraised generation.”
Dweck has been studying how people deal with failure for 40 years．Her research has led her to find out two clearly different mind-sets that have a great effect on how we react to it．Here"s how they work:
A fixed mind-set is grounded in the belief that talent is genetic – you"re a born artist, point guard, or numbers person．The fixed mind-set believes it"s sure to succeed without much effort and regards failure as personal shame．When things get difficult, it"s quick to blame (liability), lie, and even stay away from future difficulties.
On the other hand, a growth mind-set believes that no talent is entirely heaven-sent and that effort and learning make everything possible．Because the ego (自尊) isn"t on the line as much, the growth mind-set sees failure as a chance rather than shame．When faced with a difficulty, it"s quick to rethink, change and try again．In fact, it enjoys this experience.
We are all born with growth mind-sets．(Otherwise, we wouldn"t be able to live in the world.) But parents, teachers, and instructors often push us into fixed mind-sets by encouraging certain actions and misdirecting praise．Dweck"s book, Mind-set: The New Psychology of Success, and online instructional program explain this in depth．But she says there are many little things you can start doing today to make sure that your children, grandchildren and even you are never defeated by failure.
小题1:What does the author think about the present generation?| A．They don"t do well at school. | | B．They are often misunderstood. | | C．They are eager to win in sports | | D．They are given too much praise. |
小题2:A fixed mind-set person is probably one who ___ .| A．doesn"t want to work hard | | B．cares a lot about personal safety | | C．cannot share his ideas with others | | D．can succeed with the help of teachers |
小题3:What does the growth mind-set believe? | A．Admitting failure is shameful. | | B．Talent comes with one"s birth. | | C．Getting over difficulties is enjoyable. | | D．Scores should be highly valued. |
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