题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
His ignorance was as remarkable as his knowledge. Of contemporary literature, philosophy and politics he appeared to know next to nothing. Upon my quoting Thomas Carlyle, he inquired in the naivest(天真的;幼稚的)way who he might be and what he had done. My surprise reached a climax, however, when I found incidentally that he was ignorant of the Copernican Theory and of the composition of the Solar system.
“You appear to be astonished, ” Holmes said, smiling at my expression. “Now that I do know it I shall do my best to forget it. You see, I consider that a man’s brain originally is like a little empty attic, and you have to stock it with such furniture as you choose: A fool takes in all the lumber of every sort that he comes across, so that the knowledge which might be useful to him gets crowded out, or at best jumbled up with a lot of other things, so that he has difficulty in laying his hand upon it. It is a mistake to think that the little room has elastic walls and can distend to any extent. Depend upon it, there comes a time when for every addition of knowledge you forget something that you know before. It is of the highest importance, therefore, not to have useless facts elbowing out the useful ones.”
“But the Solar System! ” I protested.
“What the deuce is it to me?” he interrupted impatiently.
One morning, I picked up a magazine from the table and attempted to while away the time with it, while my companion munched silently at his toast. One of the articles had a pencil mark at the heading, and I naturally began to run my eye through it.
Its somewhat ambitious title was “The Book of Life, ” and it attempted to show how much an observant man might learn by an accurate and systematic examination of all that came in his way. It struck me as being a remarkable mixture of shrewdness and of absurdity. The reasoning was close and intense, but the deduction appeared to me to be far-fetched and exaggerated. The writer claimed by a momentary expression, a twitch of a muscle or a glance of an eye, to fathom a man’s inmost thought. Deceit, according to him, was impossibility in the case of one trained to observation and analysis. His conclusions were as infallible as so many propositions of Euclid. So startling would his results appear to the uninitiated that until they learned the processes by which he had arrived at them they might well consider him as a necromancer.
“From a drop of water, ”said the writer, “a logician could infer the possibility of an Atlantic. So all life is a great chain, the nature of which is known whenever we are shown a single link of it. Like all other arts, the science of Deduction and Analysis is one which can be acquired by long and patient study, nor is life long enough to allow any mortal to attain the highest possible perfection in it. ”
This smartly written piece of theory I could not accept until a succession of evidences justified it.
小题1:What is the author’s attitude toward Holmes?
A Praising. B Critical. C Ironical. D Distaste.
小题2:What way did the author take to stick out Holmes’ uniqueness?
A By deduction. B By explanation. C By contrast. D By analysis.
小题3:What was the Holmes’ idea about knowledge-learning?
A Learning what every body learned. B Learning what was useful to you.
C Learning whatever you came across. D Learning what was different to you.
小题4:What did the article mentioned in the passage talk about?
A One may master the way of reasoning through observation.
B One may become rather critical through observation and analysis.
C One may become rather sharp through observation and analysis.
D One may become practical through observation and analysis.
答案
小题1:A
小题2:C
小题3:B
小题4:C
解析
这是一篇“传记”,作者采用以反衬正的对比手法写出了福尔摩斯之惊人才华。第一句话开明宗旨“他的无知和他的有知一样卓越惊人”,接着就是种种无知,达到突出其有知的成就。两方面表达,一是福尔摩斯对无知的解释:不能照单全收;二是作者的反对见解衬托福之才华超人,能一滴水见大海。
答案详解
小题1:作者以无知烘托人物之有知,以他本人的反对批评观点来证明人物的正确。否定及所谓机刺旨在铺垫。正反对比赞扬福之精明强悍,才智超人,洞察力强。
小题2:作者采用对比手法。
小题3:学习对你有用之物。第二段福之表白,他把头脑比作一个小小的空屋,不能随意选择家具(知识)塞满空间,应选择“有用之才”,免得填满了废物,把有用之才挤出去。
小题4:通过观察和分析人会变得很敏锐。最后二段都是讲福所写文章的内容。善于观察和分析的人可以一眼看透人之本质,一点水能知大西洋。这种一叶知秋的本领是通过长期观察、分析研究而得。也就是说,通过观察分析,人可以变得敏感聪慧,因为万物都有联系。
核心考点
试题【Holmes’ KnowledgeHis ignorance was as remarkable as his knowledge. Of contempora】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
A huge rescue operation involving RAF helicopters and dozens of ambulances arrive. After passengers were trapped in the train for more than four hours because fallen power line poles made access for emergency workers difficult.
Authorities reported up to 80 injuries. Thirteen people were taken to hospital in a“critical or serious condition.”
Between 180 and 200 passengers were on the 5:15pm Virgin service from London Euston to Glasgow Central when all nine carriages left the rails between Oxenholme and Tebay. Witnesses said that the train shook violently before toppling(倾斜) over into an embankment(筑堤)with at least four carriages overturning. Early this morning, authorities confirmed an elderly woman had died and some other passengers had suffered injuries including back strains, head wounds and broken bones.
Ruth Colton, a passenger on the train, said she was reading a book when the journey became uncomfortable. It seemed that the train was being beaten by heavy winds,“as if we were on a plane”.
The accident brought concerns that Britain"s busiest rail route would be crippled(瘫痪)for some time. The line between Preston and Carlisle was postponed as Virgin Trains promised a rapid investigation into the “serious incident”—the company"s first big crash.
It is understood that the investigation will examine whether there was an obstacle on the track and the possibility of speeding or mechanical breakdown. The driver, who was injured, will be interviewed and a black-box recorder installed in the train will be examined.
小题1:What made the rescue come so late?
A.It"s not accessible to reach the accident spot. |
B.No enough helicopters and ambulances could be found at that time. |
C.It was too far from hospital to Cumbria. |
D.No one called the emergency center. |
A.From Preston to Carlisle | B.Between Euston and Glasgow |
C.From Oxenholme to Tebay | D.Between Virgin and Pendolino |
A.Important. | B.Careless. | C.Dangerous. | D.Surprising. |
A.Careless driving. | B.Heavy wind. |
C.Over loading. | D.Obstacle on the track. |
A.made no quick reaction to this accident |
B.seldom had so serious an accident before |
C.had made full preparations for the accident |
D.didn"t mind how many passengers the train can hold |
Erik became an adventurer. He took up parachuting, wrestling and scuba diving. He competed in long-distance biking, marathons and skiing. His favorite sport, thought, is mountaineering.
As a young man, Erik started to climb mountains. He reached the summit of Mount McKinley in 1995 and then climbed the dangerous 1000-metre rock wall of EI Capitan. Two years later, while climbing Mount Kilimanjaro in Kenya with his girlfriend, they stopped for a time at 13,000 feet above sea level-in order to get married. In 1999, he climbed Aconcagua, the tallest mountain in South America. And then , on May 25, 2001, at the age of 33, Erik successfully completed the greatest mountaineering challenge of all. He climbed Mount Everest, the highest mountain in the world.
Erik invented his own method for climbing mountains. He carries two long poles: one to lean on and the other to test the way ahead of him. The climber in front of him wears a bell to guide him. Erik is a good team member. He does his share of the job, such as setting up tents and building snow walls.
Although he could not enjoy the view, Erik felt the excitement of being on the summit of Everest. He hopes that his success will change how people think about the blind. “When people think about a blind person or blindness, now they will think about a person standing on top of the world.”
小题1:When was Erik born?
A.In 1968. | B.In 1995. | C.In 1967. | D.In 1969. |
A.He got married on the summit of Mount McKinley. |
B.He got married when climbing Mount Everest. |
C..His wedding was held after he prepared a lot. |
D.His wedding was held at 13,000 feet above sea level. |
A.He takes his girlfriend with him. | B.He does his share of the jobs. |
C.He uses two long poles to help himself. | D.He keeps a good team around him. |
a. He topped Mount McKinley.
b. He became blind.
c. He challenged Mount Everest.
d. He reached the peak of Kilimanjaro.
e. He climbed the rock wall of EI Capitan.
A.b, e, d, c, a | B.b, a, e, d, c | C.a, b, e, d, c | D.b, d, a, c, d |
It looked like a typical business meeting. Six men, neatly dressed in white shirts and ties filed into the boardroom of a small Jakarta company and sat down at a long table. But instead of consulting files or hearing reports, they closed their eyes and began to meditate(冥想), consulting the spirits of ancient Javanese kings. Mysticism touches almost every aspect of life in Indonesia and business is no exception. One of the meditators said his weekly meditation sessions are aimed mainly at bringing the peace of mind that makes for good decision-making. But the insight gained from mystic communication with spirits of wise kings has also helped boost the profits of his five companies.
Mysticism and profits have come together since the 13th century introduction of Islam to Indonesia by Indian Moslem merchants. Those devout traders, called ‘Wali Ullah’ or ‘those close to God, ’ energetically spread both trade and religion by adapting their appeals to the native mysticism of Java. Legends attribute magic power of foreknowledge to the Wali Ullah. These powers were believed to be gained through meditation and fasting.
Businessman Hadisiko said his group fasts and meditates all night every Thursday to become closer to God and to contact the spirits of the great men of the past. ‘If we want to employ someone at the managerial level, we meditate together and often the message comes that this man can’t hole onto money or he is untrustworthy. Or maybe the spirits will tell us he should be hired.’ Hadiziko hastened to add that his companies also hold modern personnel management systems and that formal qualifications are essential for a candidate even to be considered. Perspective investments also are considered through mystic meditation. ‘With the mind relaxed and open, it is easier to be objective in judging the risk of a new venture. Meditation and contact with the wisdom of the old leaders sharpens your own insight and intuition. Then you have to apply that intuition to the information you have and work hard to be successful. ’ Mystic meditation helped reverse a business slide his companies experienced in the mid-1980. Operating with normal business procedures, he lost more than $ 3 millions in that year alone. Meditation brought back his peace of mind. Putting the right persons in the right jobs and gaining confidence in his business decisions were the keys to a turning around that has brought expansion and profitability. The mysticism in Handspike’s boardroom is part of a growing movement in Indonesia called Kebatinan – the ‘search for the inner self.’
One of his managers, Yusuf Soemado, who studied business administration at Harvard University, compared the idea of mystic management to western system of positive thinking. ‘Willpower and subconscious mind are recognized as important factors in business. Such approaches as psycho-cybernetics, Carnegie’s think and growth rates, or the power of positive thinking are western attempts to tap the same higher intelligence that we contact through meditation,’ he said.
小题1:What is the most important factor in their doing business?
A Mysticism. B Religion. C Meditation. D Investment.
小题2:Whom do they consult?
A The spirits of ancient Javanese kings. B Wali Ullah. C Old Kings. D Carnegie.
小题3:Why did Hadisike hasten to add ‘his companies also hold modern personnel management systems…’?
A He thought Mysticism was not so good as expected.
B To show they too focused on qualifications.
C To show they hired qualified persons.
D To show the possibility of combination of the scientific management with religion.
小题4:According to the passage, the function of the meditation is
A to gain profit from the god. B to gain peace of mind to make decision.
C to gain foreknowledge. D to gain objective conclusion.
小题5:What does ‘operating with normal business procedures’ refer to?
A .Adopting the western way of doing business.
B Ordinary way of doing business without meditation and fasting.
C Contact with God.
D Putting right persons in the right jobs.
In 1995, ___3___ riding his horse, Christopher Reeve was thrown to the ground. He broke his ___4___ and has been paralyzed ever since. He cannot move a muscle ___5___ his shoulder level and for six months after his accident he could not even ___6___ without help. ___7___, in spite of his terrible injuries, his goal is to carry on as ___8___ a life as he can. He now spends a lot of time traveling around America ___9___ for people who are in the same ___10___ as he is.
Over 215, 000 Americans suffer from spinal cord(脊髓) injuries, but 90% of them survive(幸存) and live to a great age. Almost $9 billion is spent every year ___11___ for these people, yet only $5 million is spent on the ___12___ to find a cure. Christopher Reeve is a very ___13___ man who, at the age of 9, will not accept that he will ___14___ walk again. He and many others believe that the only thing stopping ___15___ from finding a cure for their injuries is ___16___ for research.
In 1996, he founded the Christopher Reeve Foundation(CRF) to raise funds(资金) for medical research to treat and find a cure for spinal cord injuries, and also to support programs that improve the quality of life for ___17___ people. Christopher Reeve makes the best of his ___18___. He has conquered his ___19___. He has even returned to the ___20___ world with a $5, 000 wheelchair that can be controlled by sucking or puffing on a straw.
1. A. show B. play C. stand for D. win
2. A. hard B. serious C. interesting D. own
3. A. when B. before C. after D. by
4. A. shoulder B. arm C. back D. hand
5. A. above B. below C. from D. of
6. A. stand B. work C. breathe D. think
7. A. And B. however C. Still D. So
8. A. normal B. pleased C. easy D. ordinary
9. A. caring B. writing C. looking D. speaking
10. A. country B. illness C. situation D. part
11. A. treating B. caring C. serving D. curing
12. A. research B. patients C. hospital D. medicine
13. A. strong B. young C. determined D. handsome
14. A. later B. possibly C. hardly D. never
15. A. hospitals B. scientists C. chemists D. patients
16. A. money B. equipment C. time D. views
17. A. sick B. disabled C. ordinary D. poor
18. A. spinalcord B. illness C. position D. spirit
19. A. fear B. spinalcord C. disability D. victory
20. A. business B. movie C. sports D. pleasant
“Whoever did this can keep my car.Please let Benjerman come home,” the notice said.
It is not known whether the thief showed any pity, but almost 30 hours after the 1 pm theft Friday, Kimberly Atkins of Dover and Benjerman,a 12-year-old black retriever(猎犬),were reunited after police located them in Barrington.
“He’s hungry, he’s dirty, but he’s very happy to be home,”Atkins said.
The car was found at about 5 pm Saturday off Route 125 in a swampy area frequented by off-the-road cars and dirt bikes.However, the police couldn’t control Benjerman,and they had to call Atkins to come and get him.
Atkins said the thief cared for Benjerman a little by providing him with some dry cat food.She believed Benjerman ended up drinking some muddy water in the area.
She said they have been together for nearly 11 years after she took him back from a society shelter in Dallas, Texas.
Before Benjerman was found,Atkins and several friends put up notices all over the city and in Somersworth.They also contacted animal shelters,throughout southern New Hampshire and Massachusetts.
The notice stated there was a reward,and also that the dog needed medication.Any caller could remain anonymous(匿名的).
Atkins had parked the car outside a hardware store with the keys inside and gone in to rent a carpet cleaner.
¨It was l0 minutes and I came out and my car was gone along with Benjerman in broad daylight,” Atkins said.The car thief threw Atkins’ wallet and other personal items out of the car before escaping from the scene.
小题1:What would be the best title for the passage?
A.A car with a dog was stolen |
B.Lucky dog was returned to his owner |
C.Stealing cars:a most important social problem |
D.Woman wants dog back more than stolen car |
a.Notices were put up saying there was a reward.
b.Atkins saw Benjerman again.
c.Police found Atkins’car.
d.Atkins took Benjerman back from a society shelter.
e.Atkins hired a carpet cleaner in a hardware store.
A.d,e,a, b,c | B.d,e,a,c,b | C.e,a,d,b,c | D.e,a,c,d,b |
A.the dog was treated extremely badly by the thief |
B.car stolen accidents happen frequently nowadays |
C.the dog was found because of the reward |
D.the thief stole the car easily |
A.Benjerman was sent back immediately after Atkins put up the notices. |
B.Atkins and her friends made a great effort to look for Benierman. |
C.The thief gave the dog back but kept the sports car. |
D.The dog was back at 1 pm on a Friday. |
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