题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
[l] We expect companies selling products to make them as available as possible. But now some of them are bringing back rationing(定量供应). As you might expect, it"s all part of a plan to make us spend more, not less.
[2]Butter, bacon, sugar, tea and meat were rationed in Britain during World War II, because goods at that time were scarce, and hard to get for all. But nowadays industrial mass production . Factories all over the world are pumping out bright and beautiful objects.
[3]When everyone has to wait and save up for new things, owning them feels exciting and special. But when lovely things are available every day, they stop being a treat. The other characteristic of consumer society is that we aim for social distinction through what we own. But if everyone has lots of things, how can we impress anyone with our purchases? All of this takes the fun out of shopping and means there"s a limit to how much consumerism can grow.
[4] This is deeply worrying to companies, and some of them have started to fight it, by creating artificial scarcity(短缺). For example, Swedish rapper Adam Tensta has limited access to his latest track. Only one person at a time can access it, and fans must take their place in a digital queue.
[5] This hend means we can again own something rare. But the risk for these companies is that in a world of so many things, if they make their products too hard to get, we"ll just buy from someone else instead.
小题1:What is the text mainly about? (no more than 3 words)
小题2:Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words. (no more than 5 words)
小题3:In which paragraph can the following sentences be put as an example?
In Singapore, a small cafe called Liberty Coffee only opens on random days. It sometimes stays closed for over a week at a time.
小题4:What are the two characteristics of consumer society? (no more than 15 words)
①
②
小题5:What is the risk for the companies creating artificial scarcity ? (no more than l0 words)
答案
小题1:Artificial scarcity.
小题2:has changed all of that/has increased a lot/has made that different
小题3:Paragraph 4.
小题4:①Lovely things are available every day.
②People aim for social distinction.
小题5:They may lose some customers.
解析
试题分析：本文叙述了以前由于经济不够发达，所以有些东西缺乏是属于正常现象，而在现在工业发达的经济社会里，竟然也出现了某个产品紧缺的情况，原来是公司在搞人为的短缺，进而获得更大的收益。同时该公司也可能失去了一些顾客。
小题1:根据This is deeply worrying to companies, and some of them have started to fight it, by creating artificial scarcity(短缺).整篇短文的大意可知Artificial scarcity.
小题2:根据Butter, bacon, sugar, tea and meat were rationed in Britain during World War II, because goods at that time were scarce, and hard to get for all. But根据连词But表转折，可知has changed all of that/has increased a lot/has made that different.
小题3:This is deeply worrying to companies, and some of them have started to fight it, by creating artificial scarcity(短缺).这是对人为短缺的例子故选Paragraph 4.
小题4:
①根据But when lovely things are available every day，故Lovely things are available every day.
②根据The other characteristic of consumer society is that we aim for social distinction 故People aim for social distinction.
小题5:根据if they make their products too hard to get, we"ll just buy from someone else instead. 故They may lose some customers.
点评：考查包括一是考查主要事实、特定的信息和细节。二是概括文章的标题、主题思想及段落大意。三是测验文章特定的词义或句意。四是考查作者的态度与倾向。五是考查考生对文章某一观点的认识和看法。需要考生有扎实的基础知识。
核心考点
试题【阅读下面短文并回答问题，然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上（请注意问题后的词数要求）。[l] We expect companies selling produc】；主要考察你对词法等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
阅读下面短文回答问题，然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上（请注意问题后的词数要求）。
(1)Canadian culture was heavily influenced by British culture and traditions. Now one can also notice the influence of American culture. Over the years, lots of people have moved to Canada. There has been a healthy change of Canadian’s ideas that has resulted in the development of certain special features in Canada. The people of Canada have always been proud of their diverse cultural backgrounds.
(2)Art：Canada has some of the most wonderful classical works of art . In the year 1930, artists began developing their own personal style. The“Group of seven”is considered to be the first group of native artists to create their own style.
(3)Language and religion：Because of its diverse cultures, Canada has two official languages, English and French. There is . A number of people in Canada have confirmed that they have no religious belief, though there are many other groups that follow Protestantism as areligion.
(4)Literature：The literature of Canada basically shows the different cultural influences of other countries. Some of the early works were divided according to the region of Canada from which the author came, but there were also authors who gave a humorous touch to serous contents. A number of authors have been awarded for their literature works.
(5)Music：Music in Canada has seen many developments in styles along the way. Many Canadian musicians have earned worldwide fame. From folk music to rock, Canadian music continues to entertain people. In recent years, music from Asia and Africa has found quite a fan following in Canada.
小题1:What is the main idea of the text?(no more than 3 words)
小题2:Who is the first group of native artists to create their own style of art? (no more than 4 words)
小题3:Fill in the blank in Paragraph 3 with proper words. (no more than 3 words)
小题4:What does the word“their”(Line 4, Para. 1) refer to? (no more than 2 words)
小题5:Canadian culture has been influenced by many other countries. List all of them mentioned in the text. (no more than 10 words)
[1]It"s safe, it"s simple, and it works: Drinking right amounts of water really can help you lose weight, new research shows.
[2]In what researchers claim is the first-ever trial of the effect of water consumption on weight loss, scientists from Virginia Tech found that dieters who started each meal with two glasses of water lost nearly five pounds more, on average, than dieters who did not, over the course of 12 weeks. There"s no shortage of clear evidence about how water might work to control your appetite (食欲). It ________________ so you don"t eat so much; it keeps down your thirst so that you don"t turn to calorie－rich sodas or juices. But until now, the researchers say, there has been no true evidence that water"s appetite-controlling benefits ever translate into actual weight loss. Now there is. In the 12-week study period, dieters instructed to drink water with every meal lost an average of 15.5 pounds; dieters given no instructions lost, on average, just 11 pounds.
[3]Perhaps the most surprising thing about the finding is how little we still know about healthy water consumption in general. In fact, although doctors and public health authorities regularly remind us to drink more water, very few studies give any insight into what our ideal quantity may be.
[4]The new results today suggest that many people could indeed stand to drink a little more water than they do. But if you"re looking to lose weight, be aware that it is actually possible to drink too much water, and you probably won"t help matters any by drinking too much water at a time. In extreme cases, it can even be deadly. A couple of glasses with each meal, however, should be no problem at all for a healthy person.
小题1:What is the main idea of the text？(no more than 8 words)
________________________________________________________________
小题2:Complete the following statement with proper words.(no more than 2 words)
Enough obvious evidence _______ how your appetite might be under the control of water.
________________________________________________________________
小题3:Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words.(no more than 3 words)
________________________________________________________________
小题4:Why should we avoid drinking too much water at a time？(no more than 6 words)
________________________________________________________________
小题5:What does the word "it" (Line 1, Paragraph 1) probably refer to？(no more than 6 words)
________________________________________________________________
Littering is a severe problem in many countries around the world. For example, the African city of Kampala, the capitol of Uganda, is suffering from the consequences of littering. For many years the city’s poor didn’t have a proper way to dispose of trash, so garbage filled the streets. Over the years much of the plastic garbage would slowly be pushed into the ground. This plastic litter doesn’t allow rain water to seep into the ground and has caused flooding. In many of Kampala’s poor neighborhoods whenever it rains people’s homes become flooded with water. This water is often dirty and has allowed diseases to spread. This flooding has become so bad that the Ugandan government has banned plastic bags in the entire country to stop the littering.
Trash often finds its way into the water. Today the world’s oceans are believed to have millions of tons of trash floating around in them. This creates a problem for wildlife because they may accidentally eat the trash and die from it. Scientists have found on very remote islands baby birds that have died because their stomachs were full of trash. Fish often get tangled in plastic and will also die. Our actions in our own countries affect the most remote parts of the planet.
We can all be part of the solution to stop this pollution, just by preventing careless littering. If you need to throw something away, don’t toss it over your shoulder — find a trash can. If you see a friend littering tell them not to. By making this small change we can create a better world for all.
小题1:What does the author say is the cause of littering? (No more than 4 words)
________________________________________________________________________
小题2:How does trash cause flooding? (No more than 10 words)
_______________________________________________________________________
小题3:How can local actions affect the international environment? (No more than 12 words)
________________________________________________________________________
小题4:What does the author suggest to prevent littering? （No more than 7 words）
________________________________________________________________________
A few months ago, a woman called Nancy attended one of my seminars．Nancy had been through hard times. Three years earlier her house had burned down; then her husband"s National Guard unit shipped out to Iraq, and when he returned he was angry, depressed, and shocked．The couple got treatment yet grew further apart until, finally, her husband asked for a divorce．Nancy realized she had a choice: She could drown in self-pity or move forward．After seeing how the trauma（心灵创伤）of war had torn up her husband, she wanted to make a difference with her life．So, at 35, she enrolled （注册学习）in a nursing school．
I think even Nancy was surprised by her resilience．But her leap into a life of greater meaning came from a simple change in outlook．She shifted her focus from her own problems to the difficulties of others．And that one change brought her clarity and peace．
This time of global uncertainty challenges each of us to create our own sense of security．That doesn"t mean you need to follow Nancy"s lead into a nursing career, but keeping an eye on what really matters will help you maintain your balance when things around you seem to fall apart．
小题1:List at least three common coping methods when people come down with anxiety．（No more than 7 words）
_______________________________________________________________
小题2:How did Nancy"s husband feel when he returned? （No more than 6 words）
小题3:What choice did Nancy make after her husband asked for a divorce?
（No more than 13 words）
小题4:How should we relieve our anxiety according to the writer?
（No more than 15 words）
[1]When something goes wrong, it can be very satisfying to say, "Well, it’s so-and-so’s fault. "or "I know I’m late, but it’s not my fault; the car broke down. " It is probably not your fault, but once you form the habit of blaming somebody or something else for a bad situation, you are a loser. You have no power and could do nothing that helps change the situation.
[2]However, you can have great power over what happens to you if you stop focusing on whom to blame and start focusing on how to improve the situation. This is the winner’s key to success.
[3]Winners are great at overcoming problems. For example, if you were late because your car broke down, maybe you need to have your car examined more regularly. Or, you might start to carry along with you the useful phone numbers, so you could call for help when in need.
[4]Actually, cases of this kind are common occurrence. If your colleague causes you problems on the job for lack of responsibility or ability, find ways of dealing with his irresponsibility or inability __________ simply blame the person. Ask to work with a different person, or don’t rely on this person. You should accept that the person is not reliable and find creative ways to work successfully regardless of how your colleague fails to do his job well.
[5]This is what being a winner is all about ----- creatively using your skills and talents so that you are successful no matter what happens. Winners don’t have fewer problems in their lives; they have just as many difficult situation to face as anybody else. They are just better at seeing those problems as challenges and opportunities to develop their own talents. So, stop focusing on "whose fault it is. " Once you are confident about your power over bad situations, problems are just stepping stones for success.
小题1:What is the best title of the passage? (no more than 5 words)
小题2:How do you deal with a problem your colleague brings about? (no more than 10 words)
小题3:Please fill in the blank in the fourth paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence. (no more than 4 words)
小题4:If you are a winner, what will you take problems as ? (no more than 15 words)
小题5:What does the underlined word “This” (Line 1, Paragraph 5) probably refer to? (no more than 15 words)
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