反意疑问句

　　反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句，是指当提问的人对前面所叙述的事实不敢肯定，而需要向对方加以证实时所提出的问句。其结构为：前一部分是一个陈述句，后一部分是一个简单的问句。完成后一部分简单问句时，要根据前面陈述句的动词时态和人称来选择适当的助动词进行提问，前后两部分的人称和动词时态要保持一致。如果前一部分用肯定式，后一部分一般用否定式;反之，前一部分为否定式，后一部分要用肯定式，即“前肯定后否定，前否定后肯定”。

　　1)陈述部分的主语是“I”，疑问部分要用 aren't I.I'm as tall as your sister.aren't I?

　　2)陈述部分的谓语是“wish”，疑问部分要用“may”+主语。

　　I wish to have a word with you,may I?我想和你说句话，可以吗?

　　3)陈述部分用no、nothing、nobody、never、few、seldom、hardly、rarely、little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。例：The Swedemade no answer,did he / she?

　　4)含有“ought to”的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主语。

　　He ought to know what to do,oughtn't he? / shouldn't he?

　　5)陈述部分有“have to”+v. (had to + v.)，疑问部分常用“don't”+主语(didn't +主语)。

　　We have to get there at eight tomorrow,don't we?

　　6)陈述部分的谓语是“used to”时，疑问部分用“didn't”+主语或“usedn't”+主语。

　　He used to take pictures there,didn't he? / usedn't he?

　　7)陈述部分有“had better”+ v. 疑问句部分用“hadn't you”。

　　You'd better read it by yourself,hadn't you?

　　8)陈述部分有“would rather”+v.，疑问部分多用“wouldn't”+主语。

　　He would rather read it tentimesthan recite it,wouldn't he?

　　9)陈述部分有“You'd like to”+v. 疑问部分用“wouldn't”+主语。

　　You'd like to go with me,wouldn't you?

　　10)陈述部分有“must”的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。

　　He must be a doctor,isn't he?

　　11)感叹句中，疑问部分用“be”+主语。

　　What colours,aren't they?

　　12)陈述部分由“neither… nor”，“either… or ”连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。Neither you nor I am engineer,are we?

　　13)陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything,that,nothing,this,疑问部分主语用“it”。

　　Everything is ready,isn't it?

　　14)陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句，疑问部分有三种情况：

　　a. 并列复合句疑问部分，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。

　　Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times,he should have been in China now,shouldn't he?

　　b. 带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定：

　　He is not the man who gave us a talk,is he?

　　He said he wanted to visit Japan,didn't he?

　　c. 上述部分主句谓语是think,believe,expect,suppose,imagine等引导的定语从句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。

　　I don't think he is bright,is he?

　　We believe she can do it better,can't she?

　　15)陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody,anyone,somebody,nobody,no one等，疑问部分常用复数“they”，有时也用单数“he”。Everyone knows the answer,don't they?(does he?)

　　Nobody knows about it,do they?(does he?)

　　16)带情态动词“dare”或“need”的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用“need”(dare)+主语。

　　We need not do it again,need we?

　　He dare not say so,dare you?

　　当“dare”、“need”为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词“do”+ 主语。

　　She doesn't dare to go home alone,does she?

　　17)省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用“will you”。Don't do that again,will you?

　　Go with me,will you / won't you?

　　注意：“Let's”开头的祈使句，后用“shall we”。

　　“Let us”开头的祈使句，后用“will you”。

　　Let's go and listen to the music,shall we?

　　Let us wait for you in the reading-room,will you?

　　18)陈述部分是“there be”结构的，疑问部分用“there”省略主语代词。There is something wrong with your watch,isn't there?

　　There will not be any trouble,will there?

　　19)否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。

　　It is impossible,isn't it?

　　He is not unkind to his classmates,is he?

　　20)“must”在表“推测”时，根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。He must be there now,isn't he?

　　It must be going to rain tomorrow,won't it ?

　　值得一提是：著名学者周海中教授在《英语附加疑问句的一个问题》一文中指出：陈述部分的must不管是用来表示对现在的情况进行推测还是用来表示对过去的情况进行推测，附加问句都可以mustn't。该文举了若干个实例，从而改变了人们对这一用法的看法。[1]