题目

英语翻译
翻译如下内容：
GIS是以解算空间/地理坐标为主要目的计算机系统.它建立于数据的基础上,数据是GIS的灵魂.数据分为矢量数据和栅格数据.矢量数据和栅格数据组成了GIS的数据模型.通过数据模型和先进的计算机技术我们可以绘制各种地图的主要要素、符号等,还能够模拟出地形——也可以说是虚拟现实技术.GIS应用于很多方面,比如地图制图、环境保护、城市规划、通信、交通等很多方面.它最主要的运用是空间分析,空间分析能够解决很多问题.它的目标是提供一个空间框架——在这个体系中,我们可以对地球资源的合理化运用以及人类环境的可持续发展管理进行决策支持.
GIS最重要的是数据,它来源于原有的地图数据数字化、遥感图像、测量数据、数字资料和文字报告.获取的数据经过分析、筛选等处理后,就能放进数据库.值得一提的是,GIS的数据有数据质量指标,这个指标有微观方面和宏观方面,微观方面它是指定位精度、属性精度、逻辑一致性和分辨率的差别,宏观方面是指数据的完整性、时间性、地域性.

提问时间：2020-05-26

答案

GIS is a computer system that solves problems related to spatial/geographic coordinates. It is built around specific data, which forms the core of the GIS system. The data model of GIS consists of both vector and raster data. Through this data model and advanced computer technology, the system can draw all key elements and symbols on various kinds of map. Besides, it can also simulate terrains and can therefore be considered a form of virtual reality technology as well. Although GIS can be used in many areas, such as cartography, environmental protection, city planning, communication, transportation and the like, its main application remains in spatial analysis, which can help solve many problems. Its objective is to provide a spatial framework that facilitates the making of strategic decisions regarding the optimal use of global resources and the management of our environment for sustainable development.
The essential data of the GIS system comes from various sources, including digitization of existing maps, remote-sensing images, survey data, digitized information and written reports. The acquired data are incorporated into the database after necessary pre-processing steps like analysis and selection. It should be noted that the quality criteria for the data of the GIS system can be classified into micro-criteria and macro-criteria. Micro-criteria are those related to homing precision, attribute precision, logical consistency and resolution of the data, while macro-criteria refer to their integrity, timeliness and regionality.