题目
题型：同步题难度：来源：
Farmers use different kinds of soil conservation methods to protect their land against damage from farming
and the forces of nature. One important form of soil conservation is the use of windbreaks.
Windbreaks are barriers (栅栏) formed by trees and other plants with many leaves. Farmers plant them in
lines around their fields.
Windbreaks stop the wind from blowing soil away. They also keep the wind from destroying or damaging
crops. They are very important for growing grains, such as wheat.
There have been studies done on windbreaks. Studies in parts of West Africa, for example, found that grain
harvests can be twenty percent higher in fields protected by windbreaks. This was compared to fields without
such protection.
Windbreaks can help protect a farmer"s land. However, windbreaks seem to work best when they allow a
little wind to pass through. If the wall of trees and plants blocks the wind completely, then violent air motions
will take place close to the ground. These motions cause the soil to lift up into the air where it will be blown
away.
For this reason, a windbreak is best if it has only sixty to eighty percent of the trees and plants needed to
make a solid line.
An easy rule to remember is that windbreaks can protect areas up to ten times the height of the tallest trees
in the windbreak.
There should be at least two lines in each windbreak. One line should be large trees. The second line, right
next to it, can be shorter trees and other plants with leaves. Locally grown trees and plants are best for
windbreaks.
Windbreaks not only protect land and crops from the wind. They can also provide wood products. These
include wood for fuel and longer pieces for making fences.
B. Protection.
C. Force.
D. Harvest.
B. To keep water in their fields.
C. To prevent their soil blowing away and wind destroying the crops.
D. To get more trees.
B. One with plants which have many leaves.
C. One with certain breaks between trees and plants.
D. One with as many trees or plants as possible.
B. To tell us how to get a higher harvest.
C. To let us know there are usually windbreaks around the fields.
D. To tell us how important it is to keep soil and crops.
答案
核心考点
举一反三
There were many horror stories in the 19th century about crazy (疯狂的) doctors who took a part of one
man"s body and put it in that of another man"s. The writers did not think it was possible, but in today"s world
it is possible with some parts of the body-hearts, for example. But how far can this go in the future? Will
people be able to have new arms or legs, or even heads? It may not be crazy. We already have heart transplants
(移植), and artificial (人造的; 假的) arms, legs and hands. We have artificial muscles (肌肉) that use air to
move. We have computers which we put inside people to help make their bodies work. We can make artificial
ears, artificial eyes like small television cameras, and artificial throats, which make voices like the real thing. Mr.
White, a professor in a university in the United States says it will not be long before we have head transplants.
"We can do this with the technology (技术) we have now. There is only one big problem-when we cut off
the old head, the nerves (神经) which join the rest of the body to the head is also cut and broken. The new head
could hear and see, but body could not move. But in the future, scientists will be able to make the head grow its
own nerves and join itself to the nerves in the body, like a plant grows into the soil."
When will all this happen? In a few hundred years perhaps, says Professor White, who also says that his
ideas are as crazy as the ideas of the man who said a hundred years ago that it was possible to walk on the
moon.
B. it was impossible to have transplants
C. some crazy doctors killed a lot of people
D. some crazy doctors injured a lot of people
B. is being studied by scientists
C. is being found out
D. hasn"t been found out yet
B. scientists can complete heart transplants and many other sophisticated (复杂的) operations.
C. scientists can easily complete head transplants
D. it will not be long before heart transplants can be done
B. nobody has done such an operation before
C. no doctor would do such a terrible operation
D. the way to connect the new head"s nerves with the old body"s has not been found out yet
TUVALU, a tiny country in the Pacific Ocean, has asked for help as it will be swallowed up by the sea.
Storms and huge waves are a constant threat and none of Tuvalu"s nine little islands is more than five
meters above the sea level. Salt water is already entering the country"s drinking water supply, as well as
damaging plants that produce fruit and vegetables. Without urgent help, the country"s days are numbered.
But Tuvalu is not the first place to face sinking into the sea. Venice, a historic city in Italy best known
for its canals, has sunk about 24 cm over the past 100 years. Experts say that it will have sunk another 20-
50cm by 2050. A century ago, St. Mark"s Square, the lowest point city, flooded about nine times a year.
Nowadays, it happens more than 100 times. While Venice is slowly sinking into the mud on which it stands,
global warming causes Tuvalu"s rising sea level.
The average global temperature has increased by almost 0.5 centigrade degrees over the past century;
scientists expect it rise by extra l-3 degrees over the next 100 years.
Warmer weather makes glaciers (冰川) melt, adding more water to the ocean. The warmer temperatures
also make water expand, so it takes up more space, causing the sea level to rise. The sea level has risen about
10-25 cm in the last 100 years.
The main cause of global warming is human pollution. Through burning coal, oil and gas, people have
been increasing the green-house gases in the atmosphere, such as CO2. This adds to the power of the
greenhouse effect, making the planet even warmer.
Many scientists believe that, if the warming is not stopped, there will be huge climate changes. The sea
level could rise by one meter this century.
Should this come true-the sea will swallow up millions of homes and the world will be flooded with
"climate refugees" looking for somewhere to live?
B. all Tuvalu"s islands are about five meters above the sea level
C. drinking water in Tuvalu has been destroyed
D. Tuvalu is often flooded by storms and waves
B. they are both sinking into the mud where they stand
C. they will disappear in the future
D. their trouble is caused by global warming
a. Glaciers began to melt.
b. People bum coal, oil and gas.
c. The greenhouse effect is growing.
d. The earth is getting warmer and warmer.
e. The sea level is rising.
f. More CO2 is produced.
g. Many places are sinking into the sea.
B. b,f,c,d,e,a,g
C. f,c,b,d,a,e,g
D. b,f,c,d,a,e,g
B. Climate changes.
C. Rare animals.
D. Climate effect.
patient care are being connected to one another, and how this new connectivity is being exploited to deliver
medicine to the patient-no matter where he or she may be.
Online doctors offering advice based on normal symptoms (症状) are the most obvious example.
Increasingly, however, remote diagnosis (远程诊断) will be based on real physiological data (生理数据) from
the actual patient. A group from the University of Kentucky has shown that by using personal data assistance
plus a mobile phone, it is perfectly practical to send a patient"s important signs over the telephone. With this
kind of equipment, the cry asking whether there was a doctor in the house could well be a thing of the past.
Other medical technology groups are working on applying telemedicine to rural (countryside) care. And at
least one team wants to use telemedicine as a tool for disaster need-especially after earthquakes. On the whole,
the trend is towards providing global access to medical data and experts" opinions.
But there is one problem. Bandwidth (宽带) is the limiting factor for sending complex (复杂的) medical
pictures around the world-CT photos being one of the biggest bandwidth users. Communication satellites may
be able to deal with the short-term needs during disasters such as earthquakes or wars. But medicine is looking
towards both the second-generation Internet and third-generation mobile phones for the future of remote
medical service.
Doctors have met to discuss computer-based tools for medical diagnosis, training and telemedicine. With
the falling price of broadband communications the new technologies should start a new time when telemedicine
and the sharing of medical information, experts" opinions and diagnosis are common.
B. the on-lined doctors
C. medical care and treatment
D. communication improvement
B. some words of a patient
C. real physiological information
D. medical pictures from the Internet
B. It is impossible to send a patient"s signs over the telephone.
C. Many teams use telemedicine dealing with disasters now.
D. Broadband communications will become cheaper in the future.
B. the second-generation of Internet has not become popular yet
C. communication satellites can only deal with short-term needs
D. there is not enough equipment for spreading the medical care
solutions for getting some rest:
Neil B. Kavey, MD, Director, Sleep Disorders Center, New York Presby- terian Hospital | The sleep specialist. Try behavior changes and proper use of medication. At night, keep away from bright light. In the morning, open the shades and go out for a walk, to tell your brain, "This is, the beginning of the day." You can try OTC sleep aids, but if you suffer for more than three weeks, see a doctor. Drugs are safe when used properly, and better than the consequences of not sleeping. |
Cerald Lemole, MD Associate Medical Director, Christiana Care Center for Heart and Vascular Heal- th, Wilmington, Delaware. | The alternative source. Stress often plays a role in insomnia, so try to change your reaction to it. Don"t exercise or eat at the end of the day, and avoid or limit caffeine, alcohol and nicotine. Enjoying a warm bath can help. Also, try taking l,000 mg of calcium (钙) (it may calm your muscles and nerves, helping you sleep ). |
Lisa Derosimo, MD, Owner, The Weight and Wellness Center, Jupiter, Florida | The nutritionist. Go to bed and get up at the same time daily. Keep your room dark and quiet, and remove distractions (no working in bed). Have a cup of herbal (草药) tea, such as chamomile (甘菊), to relax your body. And remember, people who eat a healthy diet of whole grains, fruits and vege-tables, and low-fat protein feel better and sleep better. |
Sandra McLanah- an, MD, Medical Director, Integral Health Center, Buckingham, Virginia | The mind/body pro. Lying in bed, starting from your legs and moving up to your head, tense your muscles one at a time, then release. Your body will feel more relaxed, like a rubber band after it"s been stretched. And try alternate-nostril (鼻孔交换的) breathing. Exhale (呼气) through one nostril, using your fingers to close the opposite nostril. Breathe in and out; then switch back and forth. |
| 阅读理解。 | |
| Hiking is not only one of the best forms of physical exercise, but it is also one of the best forms of mental relaxation. It is good for all ages and especially good as a family and group activity. Since there are so many different kinds of hiking, it is not possible to give any general rules to follow. Short and frequent hikes, needing no planning or special equipment, are enjoyed by most people. * Keep in shape by walking at a fast pace for at least 15 minutes every day. Climbing stairs instead of using a lift and running not too far is also a good way of keeping in shape. * On any hike nothing is more important than good, comfortable shoes. * The things you take might include matches in a waterproof box, a knife, compass, map, first aid items and flashlight. * Cameras may be taken, but don"t load with too much. * On longer hikes keep a comfortable, steady pace and take rest stops often. * Drink only safe water. If in doubt, boil the water. * Don"t go along the busy roads. When you have to use a road, keep as far over on the left as possible. * Leave word at home or some other places as to where you are going and when you plan to return. * On almost any hike, a map is a good idea. If going into a strange place, a detailed map is most helpful. * Take along a field guide on flowers, birds, rocks, or other subjects depending upon your interests. This can add greatly to the enjoyment and educational value of your hike. | |
| 1. The author feels that the most essential thing on a hike is ____. | |
| A. a new map B. a set of outdoor tools C. a pair of good shoes D. only safe water | |
| 2. The author thinks that hiking is especially valuable for ____. | |
| A. single persons B. families C. old people D. everyone | |
| 3. Generally speaking, hiking is ____. | |
| A. a relaxing form of exercise B. a dangerous activity for older people C. not as popular as it was once D. a good way of keeping in shape | |
| 4. The author mostly talks about ____. | |
| A. general rules for hiking in mountainous areas B. steps to be taken against dangerous animals C. general things that should be paid attention to in hiking D. all the things that are needed in hiking | |
| 5. The author suggests ____. | |
| A. leaving cameras at home B. drinking water from streams only C. carrying more clothes D. keeping away from heavy traffic |