题目
题型：安徽省模拟题难度：来源：
认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意：每个空格只填1个单词。
encourage a 24-hour period free from all forms of tobacco consumption (消费) across the globe.
The day is further intended to draw global attention to the widespread prevalence of tobacco use
and to negative health effects, which currently lead to 5.4 million deaths worldwide annually (每年).
The member states of the World Health Organization (WHO) created World No Tobacco Day
(WNTD) in 1987. In the past twenty years, the day has been met with both enthusiasm and resistance
across the globe from governments, public health organizations, smokers, growers, and the tobacco
industry.
The WHO cites (提到)tobacco use as "one of the biggest public health threats the world has ever
faced." Tobacco is the number one preventable cause of disability and death. Tobacco can have many
negative health effects; it is a risk factor for six out of eight of the leading causes of death in the world,
Such as cardiovascular (心血管的) disease, lung diseases, and various cancers. The WHO blames 1
in 10 deaths worldwide on tobacco use, which equates to 5.4 million today. By 2030, they estimate
that the number of tobacco-related deaths will have risen to 8 million. Because of these issues, tobacco
consumption is seen by the WHO as a key public health issue.
WNTD is a part of the WHO"s larger strategy to change tobacco-related thinking and behaviors
around the world with the aim of making the world healthier. According to the WHO, the point of
World No Tobacco Day is to ask people to give up using all tobacco products for 24 hours in order to
begin breaking their addiction to the "harmful and wasteful habit." The day is meant to raise awareness
about the health risks associated with tobacco and advocate far better polices to reduce consumption
worldwide.
| Theme | A(n) (1)____ to World No Tobacco Day |
| Time | on May 31 annually first started in (2) ____ |
| (3) ____ | Encourage a 24-hour period of no smoking throughout the world. Draw global attention to the widespread prevalence of tobacco use. Make people (4) ____ of negative health effects caused by smoking. Advocate for better policies to (5) ____ consumption worldwide. |
| (6) ____ tobacco consumption is seen as a key public health issue | At present 5.4 million people (7) ____ from tobacco use worldwide every year. Tobacco can (8) ____ to many diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, lung diseases, and various cancers. According to WHO, tobacco should be (9) ____ for 10% of all the deaths worldwide every year. The number of tobacco-related deaths are (10) ____ to increase to 8 million by 2030. Tobacco is the number one preventable cause of disability and death. |
| Significance | WNTD is a part of the WHO"s larger strategy to change tobacco- related thinking and behaviors around the world with the aim of making the world healthier. |
| 1. introduction 2. 1987 3. Purposes/ Aim/ Goals/ Intention 4. aware 5. reduce 6. Why 7. die 8. lead/ contribute 9. responsible/ blamed 10. estimated | |
| 阅读理解 | |
| In one of the strongest indications of the power of the mind to influence the body, a growing collection of evidence finds that people who are depressed have a greatly higher risk of developing heart disease. In a study of almost 3,000 men and 5,000 women, depressed men were 70 per cent more likely to develop coronary (心脏的) heart disease than those who weren"t depressed. While depressed women were just 12 per cent more likely to develop heart disease, those who were severely depressed were 78 per cent more likely. In fact, a 1998 study found that women who are depressed have a risk of dying from heart disease equal to that of women who smoke or who have high blood pressure. The link works the other way around, too: While about 1 in 20 American adults experience major depression in a given year, that number jumps to about one in three among those who have survived a heart attack. The more severe the depression, the more dangerous it is to your health. But some studies suggest that even mild depression, including feelings of hopelessness experienced over many years, may damage the heart. Other studies suggest depression may affect how well heart disease medications work. Researchers aren"t sure what the connection between depression and heart disease is, but theories exist. One is that people who are depressed tend not to take very good care of themselves. They"re more likely to eat high-fat, high-calorie "comfort" foods, less likely to exercise, and more likely to smoke. But beyond lifestyle, there is probably also a physiological link between depression and heart disease. Recent studies found that people with severe, depression tended to have a lack of heart-healthy 0-3 fatty acids. People who are depressed also often have high levels of stress hormones (荷尔蒙). These keep the body primed for fight or flight, raising blood pressure and causing the heart to beat faster, all of which put additional stress on coronary arteries (动脉) and prevent the body"s natural healing mechanisms from working properly. A whole branch of medicine is devoted to the complex links between mental health, the nervous system, the hormone system and so on. This science is gradually sorting out how the mind-body connection affects us, or defenses against heart disease. Generally, an estimated 10 per cent of American adults experience some form of depression every year. Although available treatments can ease symptoms (症状) in more than 80 per cent of people treated, less than half of those with depression get the help they need. | |
| 1. Which of the following can be the best title of the passage? | |
| A. Depression -Heart Disease Risk Factor. B. Heart Disease -Health Killer. C. Depression - Mental Health Enemy. D. Heart Disease - Depression Factor. | |
| 2. Which statement is NOT true according to the passage? | |
| A. With high blood pressure, depression is another potential risk to women"s health. B. Depression, which is mild, can possibly cause damage to your health. C. Most people who experience depression get treated as they should be. D. Depression may have some influence on the function of heart disease medication. | |
| 3. According to the passage, the possible connections between heart disease and depression are the following EXCEPT ______ | |
| A. depressed ones tend to eat high-fat and high-calories foods, which leads to physical damage to heart B. severe heart disease may cause people to feel hopeless and depressed C. depression may result in the lack of some kind of acids, which probably affects the working of people"s heart D. people with depression often have a high level of stress hormones, maybe, which will put extra pressure on one s heart | |
| 4. We can infer from the passage that ______. | |
| A. more researches will be done to find the certain links between heart disease and depression B. the percentage of adults with depression is higher than that of depressed adults with heart disease C. one"s lifestyle has relatively little relationship with one"s mental health D. those with depression have a higher risk of developing heart disease | |
| 阅读理解 | |
| Why did the chicken cross the road? To get to the other side. Most people know this joke. But recently, some people have been much more worried about how the grizzly bear (灰熊) and mountain lion can cross the road. "Millions of animals die each year on U.S. roads," the Federal Highway Administration reports. In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today. The main reason? Roadkill. "Ecopassages " may help animals cross the road without being hit by cars. They are paths both over and under roads. "These ecopassages can be extremely useful, so that wildlife can avoid road accidents," said Jodi Hilty of the Wildlife Protection Society.But do animals actually use the ecopassages? The answer is yes. Paul Beier of Northern Arizona University found foot marks left by mountain lions on an ecopassage that went under a highway. This showed that the lions used the passage. Builders of ecopassages try to make them look like a natural part of an area by planting trees on and around them. Animals seem to be catching on. Animals as different as salamanders (火蜥蜴) and grizzly bears are using the bridges and underpasses. The next time you visit a park or drive through an area with a lot of wildlife, look around. You might see an animal overpass! | |
| 1. The writer uses the example of "ocelots" to show that _______. | |
| A. wild animals have become more dangerous B. the driving conditions have improved greatly C. the measure for protecting wildlife fails to work D. an increasing number of animals are killed in road accidents | |
| 2. From the news story, we know an ecopassage is ________. | |
| A. an underground path for cars B. a fence built for the safety of the area C. a bridge for animals to get over a river D. a path for animals to cross the road | |
| 3. When the writer says that animals seem "to be catching on", he means ________. | |
| A. animals begin to realize the dangers on the road B. animals begin to learn to use ecopassages C. animals are crossing the road in groups D. animals are increasing in number | |
| 4. The writer asks visitors and drivers to look around when traveling because ________. | |
| A. wild animals may attack cars B. wild animals may block the road C. they may see wild animals in the park D. they may see wild animals on ecopassages | |
| 阅读理解。 | |
| Downing the last drop of an expensive famous brand H2O as weIl as remembering to throw the empty bottle in the recycling bin.makes you feel pretty good about yourself, right? It shouldn"t. Even when the bottles are recycled, there are all kinds of otherconsequences of swallowing bottled water, says Melissa Peffers, the air-quality program manager for Environmental Defense. The containers are often filled in foraway lands, then shipped from abroad,and stored in refrigerators at your local store. Compare that with the influence on environment of turning on your tap ,filling a glass,and drinking up! Anyone who is choosing bottled water for health reasons ismisguided,says Peffers,"Most bottled water is just tap water." And what comes out of your tap is carefully monitored to follow the strictrules. Consider another fact that bottled water is surprisingly expensive. especially when compared with the altemative,which is almost free ,andit is astonishing that America"s desire for bottled water seems impassibleto satisfy,reaching nearly 30 billion bottles a year. "My parents" generation never had bottled water, "saysIsabelle Silverman,an Environinental Defense legal adviser. She hasmade a commitment to going bottle free."You don"t need to fetch ithome from the store,and it"s cheaper, " she adds Bottled water"s role as a status symbol needs to change,Pefferspoints out. So when a waiter at an expensive restaurant offers"Andwhat"s your drink?"that"s no reason to forget your conviction(信念). "Don"t be afraid to say,"I"ll have tap." Say it loud enoughthat the other tables nearby can hear you,"Peffers says,"And thenspend that money on a dessert. " | |
| 1. In the first paragraph,the underlined sentence"It shouldn"t."suggest that people________. | |
| A. shouldn"t feel pleased with finishing the water in the bottle B. shouldn"t feel good about drinkinl an expensive brand H2O C. shouldn"t be content with just recycling empty bottles D. shouldn"t be satisfied with drinking only bottled water | |
| 2. According to the author, tap water is_________. | |
| A. as safe as bottled water B. more likely to be polluted C. healthier than bottled water D. less convenient than bottled water | |
| 3. The underlined part"going bottle free"(in Paragraph 4)means"______". | |
| A. making bottled water free B. abandoning bottled water C. recycling used water bottles D. providing free water containers | |
| 4. Why does Peffers ask people to say"I"ll have tap."loudly? | |
| A. To encourage them to set an example for others to follow. B. To advise them to save the money for one more dessert. C. To remind them to be aware of their social status. D. To persuade them to speak confidently in public. | |
| 阅读理解。 | |
| Compared to people with bad attitudes , people who are cheerful and relaxed are less likely to suffer from colds, according to a new study. " It"spossiblethatbeingupbeathelpsthe bodyfight illnesses", says Sheldon Cohen, the study"s lead researcher from Camegie Mellon University( CMU) in Pittsburgh. In a previous study,Cohen and his colleagues put cold-causing viruses into the noses of 334 healthy adults. People who tended to be cheerful and lively were least likely to develop sniffles, coughs , and other cold symptoms. People who showed positive feelings were also less likely to mention symptoms to their doctors , even whenmedical tests detected those symptoms. Those findings were interesting, but they didn"t prove that a person"s attitude affects whether he or she gets sick. Instead,it was still possible that a person"s underlying personality is what matters.Evidence suggests, for instance, that certain people are naturally more likely to be outgoing and optimistic , with high self-esteem and a sense of control over life. This would mean that who we are, not how we feel, ultimately decides our chances of catching colds. To figure out which mattered more ( personality or emotions) , the CMU team interviewed 193 healthy adults. The researchers talked to each person over the phone every evening for 2 weeks. At the end of the interviewing period, people got nose drops that contained either cold or flu viruses. Then, each person stayed in an isolated room for 5 0r 6 days. The results showed that everyone in the study was equally likely to get infected. Their symptoms, however, differed depending on the types of emotions that they had reported over the previous 2 weeks. Among those who reported good moods and had been infected with the flu virus, for example,28 percent developed coughs and stuffy noses. On the other hand, those symptoms struck 41 percent of people who had been less upbeat. | |
| 1. What would be the best title for the passage?_____ | |
| A. Smiles Turn Away Colds B. An Interesting Way to Beat Colds C. Be Outgoing and Optimistic to Fight Colds D. What Matters More, Personality or Emotions? | |
| 2. In the previous study, people who showed positive feelings______ | |
| A. didn"t catch colds as often B. developed cold symptoms more slowly C. were less likely to have cold symptoms detected D. were less likely to feel cold symptoms | |
| 3. What mainly decides our chances of catching colds according to the new study?______ | |
| A. Personality. B. Self-esteem. C. Emotions.D. Attitudes. | |
| 4. The underlined word " symptoms"probably means _________ . | |
| A. something that causes cold B. something that results in cold C. signs that something exists , especially something bad D. changes in your body or mind that show that you are not healthy | |
| 阅读理解. | |
When one person gains weight , their close friends oftenfollow. Researchers have just | |
| 1. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean?______ | |
| A. Obesity is a negative influence on close friends. B. Friends might also play a part in losing weight. C. One might have positive influence on one"s friend. D. Friendship may have little to do with one"s health. | |
| 2. Which of the following statements would Nicholas Christakis agree to?______ | |
| A. If one gains weight, one"s friends are likely to get fat. B. Social problems like alcoholism are easy to deal with. C. Friends usually don"t follow each other to lose weight. D. One might influence others on their social behavior. | |
| 3. The increased risk of gaining weight by an obese sister is _______. | |
| A. 50% B. 40% C. 67% D. 71% | |
| 4. James Fowler seems to believe that________. | |
| A. a friend who lives nearby affects us most B. one"s health has nothing to do with friends C. social connections have effects on one"s life D. a friend living faraway has the same influence as one"s neighbor | |
| 5. The author makes his point clear in the text________. | |
| A. a major part of people"s health is based on their genes B. friends living closer have greater influence on one"s health C. social relationship is closely connected with people"s health D. people"s physical condition is subject to social connections |