consequences of the oil spills(泄露) on people, nature, and the environment.
Millions of dollars have been used in developing special chemicals to help dismiss the spills and to
clean up the animals, beaches, and land spoiled by the oil. Unfortunately, when many of these chemicals
are used, more damage is caused to the environment, especially to lives in the sea.
Of all today"s environmental disasters, an oil spill may actually be one of the least serious. Although oil
is poisonous, it is a natural material. In the end, it breaks down naturally. There are, of course, long-term
effects, but it is usually more serious in the short term.
Nature by itself works better than chemical materials, but when there is a spill, we demand that
governments act immediately with as much hi-tech knowledge as possible. In 1967 the tanker Torrey
Canyon sank off the Scilly Isles near the coast of England and spilled 120,000 tons of oil into the ocean.
If you go there today, you will find it hard to see any sign that it ever happened.
Governments seem to accept the risk of transporting millions of tons of oil by ship every day so that
we can fill up our cars and drive around and cause even more environmental damage. Interestingly, the
biggest companies in the world produce cars, and the next biggest supply the gasoline to make them run.
We should be thinking more about reducing our dependency on oil. Govern
-ments should be encouraging research into new technologies, such as cars run by solar power, electricity, hydrogen, and so on. Much of this research has, in the past, been held back by the oil, gas, and coal.
If the world"s millions of cars were 10% more efficient -and the industry could easily produce cars at
least twice as efficient, we would need many fewer tankers crossing the oceans each year. If this happened, the risks of oil spills would be reduced, and the air we breathe would be cleaner and fresher, too.
1. What is the passage mainly talking about?
A. Oil spills pollution.
B. What oil pollution is.
C. Oil tanker accidents.
D. How to reduce oil pollution.
2. How does the author support the idea that oil spills are not as serious as people believe?
A. By giving a description.
B. By making an argument.
C. By giving an example.
D. By drawing a diagram.
3. What does the underlined word "risk" in Paragraph 5 refer to?
A. Transportation depending more on oil.
B. Poisonous oil breaking down naturally.
C. Millions of tons of oil spilling into the sea.
D. More environmental damage being caused.
4. Which suggestion is made for reducing oil tank accidents according to the passage?
A. We should build safer tankers in the near future.
B. We should develop new technologies to cut oil use.
C. Tankers should not be allowed to sail near the coastlines.
D. Countries should build more oil pipelines under the sea.
but back pain. Back pain affects one in three British adults, cost the country over ￡5 billion every year
and is obviously difficult to treat.
But now Britain"s National Health Service (NHS) will be offering a new solution: acupuncture .
The ancient Chinese needle therapy has been around in the UK for many years, but for the first time it
has been officially supported by the NHS’ advisory body, the National Institute for Clinic Excellence (NICE).
Traditionally,doctors in the UK have advised back pain sufferers to stay active,do stretching exercises
and take painkillers when necessary. In more serious cases some people are given X-rays treatment or
injections with therapeutic substances.
NICE, however,says there is evidence that acupuncture may be more effective than expensive X-rays
or injections, to patients who have been s uffering for over six weeks should be given acupuncture
treatments.
As an alternative to acupuncture , patients will be able to choose either a course of spinal manipulation (脊柱推拿) or a series of special sessions.
In the UK, acupuncture is classified as a complementary (辅助的) therapy, which is the term given
to a medical procedure which hasn"t been subjected to the strict trials by which scientists prove some
treatment work.
While many experts have welcomed the move to make acupuncture available on the NHS, some are
still skeptical about its effectiveness.
Research from the US earlier this month found that simulated acupuncture using toothpicks which do
not pierce the skin could be as good as using real needles.
So while some are yet to be convinced, back pain sufferers will be hoping that acupuncture helps
them feel healthy and mobile again. Employers, on the other hand, will be hoping it gets them back to
work.
B. The largest cause of sick leave.
C. The ancient Chinese medicine.
D. Different ways to treat back pain.
B. To use the Chinese needle therapy
C. To take X-ray treatment or injections
D. To stay active and do stretching exercises
B. Patients taking acupuncture have to take a course of spinal manipulation.
C. Patients suffering back pain for a long time are more advised to use acupuncture.
D. Acupuncture costs less money and has lower effects than X-rays or injections
B. Some British don"t have trust in it
C. The main British treatment is very effective.
D. Its medical procedure hasn"t been strictly tested scientifically.
Earlier this month, the Obama Administration called for increasing protection of the world"s most
southern continent, Antarctica. Scientists say climate change and human activities have increasingly led
to the melting of massive pieces of Antarctic ice. The disappearance of ice will not only affect wildlife
in the area such as seals and penguins. The melting will also cause oceans and seas around the world
to rise.
This represents a major threat, especially to coastal areas. For example, the ancient city of Venice,
Italy has long been threatened by rising sea levels. The situation is made worse by the fact that its
ancient buildings, built on a body of water called a lagoon(淡水湖), are slowly sinking. When the city
was founded about 1,600 years ago, the level of the Adriatic Sea was almost two meters lower than it
is today.
Rising sea levels are not the only threat. The salty water is also destroying Venice"s famous buildings
and artworks. The Italian government is trying to fix the problem with the construction of a
seven-billion-dollar system of moving flood barriers.
Climate change is also leading to the melting of ice in other areas, such as Mount Kilimanjaro in
northeastern Tanzania. It is the highest point in Africa, measuring almost 6,000 meters. The mountain
supports five vegetation zones and many kinds of animals.
The ice glaciers on the mountain are disappearing very quickly. This will have a bad effect on the
mountain"s ecosystems and on Tanzania"s travel industry. Also, a valuable record of thousands of years
of weather history will also be lost if the ice melts. Scientists study pieces of glaciers to understand
weather patterns from thousands of years ago.
In the United States, the icy masses in Glacier National Park in Montana may soon completely
disappear because of climate change. In 1850, it is estimated that there were 150 glaciers in the more
than 400,000 hectare park.
There are 26 glaciers remaining today. Scientists estimate that the glaciers will be gone by 2030.
Warming temperatures are also threatening the many kinds of plants and animals that live in this mountain
ecosystem.
1. The writer developed the passage mainly by ______.
A. giving examples
B. listing reasons
C. making comparisons
D. using quotations
2. How many glaciers have disappeared since 1850 in Glacier National Park?
A. 150.
B. 26.
C. 400,000.
D. About 124.
3. According to the passage, what has been affected in Italy by rising sea levels?
A. Many kinds of plants and animals died out in Italy.
B. Venice"s famous buildings and artworks are being destroyed completely.
C. The ice glaciers on the mountain are disappearing very quickly.
D. Its ancient buildings could be drowned.
4. What could be the best title for the passage?
A. Climate Change
B. The Melting of Massive Pieces of Antarctic Ice
C. Visiting Endangered Places around the World
D. The disappearing of the Ice Glaciers
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项.选项中有两项为多余选项。
Agriculture Organization says aquaculture is growing by a rate of 6.6 percent a year.
Aquaculture now produces forty-six percent of the world"s supply of fish. 2 . The report also said
aquaculture earned more money in 2008 than traditional fisheries.
In aquaculture, fish are raised in tanks or small bodies of water called ponds. They also are raised in
cages or nets in oceans, lakes and rivers.
The report says increased aquaculture has helped people around the world eat record amounts of
fish. 3. But the FAO says the current yearly wild-fish harvest of 90 million tons shows no improvement.
Decreasing numbers of fish and stronger catch limits have reduced the possibilities for catching wild fish.
The FAO report says about thirty-two percent of world supplies are overfished, depleted(大量削减)
or recovering. It said these supplies of fish need to be urgently rebuilt.
4. They say the nets and cages permit fish diseases and pests to spread. Some aquaculture critics
doubt that aquaculture can keep growing at the current rate. But Wally Stevens of the trade group
Global Aquaculture Alliance says the industry must continue developing to feed growing populations.
Mr. Stevens says a one hundred percent increase in fish farming over ten years is necessary to keep
providing for people at the current level. He notes that aquaculture creates jobs and wealth, especially
for people in coastal areas of China. The FAO reports that China remains the world"s largest
fish-producing nation. 5.
A. Hungary is rich in waterways, but traditionally most Hungarians eat fish only at Christmastime.
B. A new United Nations report shows that fish farming or aquaculture may soon lead fish production.
C. Last week a study of one hundred ninety-nine countries and territories confirmed what many people
may have already noticed.
D. The FAO says each person ate an average of almost 17 kilograms of fish last year.
E. China produces more than sixty percent of the world"s farmed fish.
F. That represents a forty-three percent increase from 2006.
G. Some scientists have criticized aquaculture.
It"s true. According to the International Society of Arboriculture (树木培植), hospital patients have
been shown to recover faster when they are given a view with trees. Also, while trees certainly benefit
any landscape, whether lining streets, decorating urban areas, or growing naturally in the forest, they are
actually important in our daily lives.
Trees improve the quality of the air around us by absorbing dust and other particles(颗粒物). Their
leaves also absorb harmful gases before we have a chance to take them in. They also protect us from the
sun, rain, hail(冰雹), and snow, which can quickly damage unprotected homes. Even better, they often
clean oxgiygen for us to breathe.
Trees make economic sense. A home surrounded by trees costs less to cool and heat.
Neighborhoods with trees are often several degrees cooler in summer than those in similar climates that
don"t have trees.
In winter, trees can keep houses warmer by blocking strong winds. Also, less water is needed to water
grass and gardens in tree-shaded areas where the sun isn"t constantly shining.
Besides that, trees can further improve privacy, block unpleasant views, and increase the value of
your home. Unfortunately, these days, construction projects tend to wipe out all the trees in an area
before creating new neighborhoods and buildings. That"s more important than ever to plant a tree in
your community.
B. planting a tree in your family
C. improving people"s privacy
D. improving people"s life
B. they can take in much dust and other particles
C. they often clean oxgiygen for us to breathe
D. they are of great importance in our daily life
B. trees can make people get warmer
C. trees can bring people many benefits
D. trees are likely to be damaged by people
Below is some advice on how to prevent cancer:
8 Ways to Avoid Cancer in Your Life
1. Eat Blueberries
Aside from being a healthy and delicious snack, blueberries contain pterostilbene, which has important
colon(结肠) cancer-fighting prosperities. But wait, it gets better. Blueberries also offer a large dose of
vitamins C (14 milligrams per cup). So at breakfast, try to take in a cup and a half of blueberries in your
cereal or yogurt, or mixed with other berries.
2. Drink Pomegranate(石榴)Juice
The deep red juice of the pomegranate contains polyphenols, isoflavones and ellagic acid, which together
create a powerful anticancer mixture. Most recently, researchers from the University of Wisconsin at
Madison has discovered that 16 ounces of pomegranate juice per day also may inhibit the growth of lung
cancer.
3. Relax
Feeling stressed or worried? Find ways to relax and you may reduce your chances of developing cancer.
Purdue University researchers tracked 1,600 men over 12 years and found that half of those with high
levels of worry died during the study period. Only 20 percent of the optimists died before the study were
completed, while 34 percent of the extremely anxious men died of some type of cancer. Instead of
stressing about the past or future, focus on the present and relax!
4. Take Selenium(硒)
Selenium is well known for its cancer-fighting properties. In a study of almost 1,000 men, researchers
from the Journal of the National Cancer Institute found that when men with the lowest initial levels of
selenium in their bodies received a daily supplement over a 4 year period, they cut their prostate(前列腺) cancer risk by a remarkable 92 percent. However, it is possible to get too much of a good thing, so
monitor your intake of selenium-containing supplements, Brazil nuts, tuna, meats and grains carefully.
5. Eat Sushi(寿司)
Seaweed may not be your idea of a great snack, but it is high in fiber, calcium and iron, and dry, roasted
seaweed sheets used in sushi provide the additional benefits of vitamins A and C. Sushi rolls are also high
in protein- a typical spicy tuna roll has only 290 calories but packs 24 grams of protein. So don"t skimp
(节省)on the Sushi!
6. Enjoy the Outdoors
Vitamin D causes early death of cancer cells. A study published in the American Journey of Clinical
Nutrition reported that women who supplemented their diets with 1,000 international. Units of vitamin
D every day had a 60 percent to 77 percent lower incidence of cancer ever a four-year period that did
women taking a placebo(无效对照剂). Experts recommend supplementing your fun in the sun with
1,100 to 2,000IU of vitamin D each day.
7. Breathe Clean Air
There"s no question that secondhand smoke kills. A recent American Journal of Public Health study
showed that nonsmokers working in smoky places had three times the amount of carcinogen(致癌物质)
in their urine(尿) than nonsmokers working in smoke-free locations. What"s worse, their levels of the
carcinogen rose 6 percent for every hour worked. Nine states have banned smoking in all workplaces,
bars and restaurants. The message is clear: Do whatever you can to avoid the cloud of smoke.
8. Break a Sweat
Even a small amount of exercise can offer major cancer-fighting benefits. In a study of 29,110 men
published in the International Journal of Cancer, men who exercised just once a week had a percent
lower risk of metastasis(转移性) prostate cancer than men who didn"t work out at all. The better the
frequency, duration and intensity of the exercise, the bigger the reduction in risk, according to the study.
B. blueberries
C. pomegranates
D. Vitamin D
B. he is addicted to smoking
C. he is always feeling extremely stressed or worried
D. he likes to have meals in restaurants
B. Drinking a cup of pomegranate juice every day
C. Breathing fresh air now and then
D. Taking exercise at least once a week
B. try to ignore the secondhand smoking
C. take in as many selenium-containing supplements as possible
D. having exercise as often as possible
- 1阅读下列材料，回答下列问题。早在道光年间（1821——1850年），随着西方商品对民众生活模式的冲击，趋洋附西的倾向就在
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