题目
题型：模拟题难度：来源：
on a tour of the world"s natural resources (资源). How are they used? What has been lost? What
remains and is it able to continue with the present speed of use? Wilson also points out the need to
understand fully the biodiversity (生物多样性) of our earth.
Wilson begins with an open letter to the pioneer in environment (环境) protection, Henry David
Thoreau. He compares today"s Walden Pond with that of Thoreau"s day. Wilson will use such
comparisons for the rest of the book. The problem is clear: man has done great damage to his home over
the years. Can the earth, with human help, be made to return to biodiversity levels that will be able to
support us in the future?
Biodiversity, Wilson argues, is the key to settling many problems the earth faces today. Even our
agricultural crops can gain advantages from it. A mere hundred species (物种) are the basis of our food
supply, of which but twenty carry the load. Wilson suggests changing this situation by looking into ten
thousand species that could be made use of, which will be a way to reduce the clearing of the natural
homes of plants and animals to enlarge farming areas.
At the end of the book, Wilson discusses the importance of human values in considering the
environment. If you are to continue to live on the earth, you may well read and act on the ideas in this
book.
1. We learn from the text that Wilson cares most about ______.
A. the environment for plants
B. the biodiversity of our earth
C. the waste of natural resources
D. the importance of human values
2. How many species are most important to our present food supply?
A. Twenty.
B. Eighty.
C. One hundred.
D. Ten thousand.
3. Wilson suggests that one way to keep biodiversity is to ______.
A. learn how to farm scientifically
B. build homes for some dying species
C. make it clear what to eat
D. use more species for food
4. We can infer that the text is ________.
A. a description of natural resources
B. a research report
C. a book review
D. an introduction to a scientist
答案
核心考点
试题【阅读理解 Edward Wilson is America"s, if not the world"s, leading naturalist. In 】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere. However, it now turns out that planting trees could add to global
warming. We all know that tree roots do a great job of keeping soil firmly on the ground and out of the
wind"s power. The problem is that some of the dust clouds play an important part in soaking up carbon
dioxide.
Huge dust storms blow out over the oceans from dry parts of North Africa and Central Asia. Tons
of dust are lifted and left as a thin film over the ocean surface.
Dust from China is carried east and left in the Pacific Ocean. If a treeplanting programme there is
successful and the dust supply reduced, the net result may be that less carbon dioxide gets locked away
in the ocean.
Andy, an environmental scientist has spent the past few years studying dust and says his work shows
clearly the complexity of the system. For this reason the need is to focus on cutting carbon dioxide giving
off rather than doing anything else.
Robert, an American scientist, has shown that when native grassland areas are invaded by trees,
carbon is lost from the soil. "We are studying why the soil carbon disappears, but one theory is that trees
do a lot more of their growing above ground compared to grass, so less carbon goes directly into the soil
from trees." said Robert.
In wet areas of the world, the gain from trees absorbing carbon dioxide above ground seems to be
outweighed by the loss of carbon from the soil below ground.
Countries that plan to fight against global warming by planting trees may have to think again. Solutions
to environmental problems are often more complex than they first appear, and understanding the Earth"s
climate is a very great challenge.
1. People usually hold the opinion that ________.
A. huge dust storms can destroy carbon dioxide
B. planting trees could reduce global warming
C. huge dust storms can destroy the oceans on the Earth
D. planting trees is the only way to control huge dust storms
2. Andy, an environmental scientist, believes that________.
A. environmental problems are more complex than expected
B. trees shouldn"t have been planted in dry places
C. dust plays a more important part than trees
D. carbon dioxide is harmful to everything
3. Robert"s experiment proves that ________.
A. trees absorb more carbon than grass
B. carbon can turn grass into dust
C. less carbon can make trees grow faster
D. grassland areas should be covered by forests
4. The best title for this passage is "________".
A. The importance of planting trees
B. The dust clouds soak up carbon dioxide
C. Is it really useful to plant trees to reduce global warming?
D. Why the soil carbon disappears
itself -there is no such thing as a high incidence rates (发生率)of cancer . Except for lung cancer,
mostly caused by cigarette smoking ,the incidence rates are not on the rise. However, some kinds
of cancer are decreasing. But the fear of cancer is catching, and the country stands at risk of an
anxiety. The earth itself is coming to seem like a huge carcinogen(致癌物). The ordinary, more or
less, scientific statement that something between 80 and 90 percent of all cancers are due to things
in the environment is taken to mean that none of us will be safe until the whole environment is
"cleaned up." This is not at all the meaning.
The 80-percent calculation is based on the unthinkable differences in the incidence of cancer
in various societies around the world - for example, the high incidence of liver cancer in Africa and
the Far East, stomach cancer in Japan, breast cancer in Western Europe and North America, and
the relatively low figures for breast cancer in Japan and parts of Africa and for liver cancer in America.
These data shows there may be specific environmental influences, but largely based on personal
life-style, which determines the incidence of various forms of cancer in different communities - that is
all the data suggests. The overall incidence of cancer, counting up all the cases, is probable roughly
the same everywhere.
1. According to the passage, the incidence of cancer is generally believed _____.
A. to be based on inactive life style
B. to be due to anxiety
C. to result from environmental influences
D. to be caused by heavy smoking
2. It can be inferred from the passage that the writer"s opinion about the relationship between
cancer and environment is_____.
A. positive
B. negative
C. neutral
D. approving
3. According to the passage, the writer seems to feel that_____.
A. cancer risk is on the rise
B. the whole earth resembles a huge carcinogen
C. the risk of catching cancer is not so great as most people think
D. cancer can be cured sooner or later
4. Which of the following would be the best TITLE for the passage?
A. Cancer and Environment
B. The Fear Caused by Cancers
C. Data on Cancer Incidence
D. Cancer and its Investigation
complicated and dangerous operation , not to mention very expensive. But it is sometimes the
only possible cure for a seriously ill patient with liver disease.
Until now British scientists have just announced a new stem cell technique, which allows them
to grow healthy liver cells outside human bodies. According to the researchers, it could be another
five to 10 years before the technique can actually be used to help patients with liver disease.
However, they say the method might one day replace liver transplants altogether. The study was
led by the University of Cambridge and the Welcome Trust Sanger Institute, a British genomics
and genetics research institute. It was published in the journal nature on October 12,2011.
The researchers took skin cells from a patient with a mutation (变异) in a gene called
alphal-antitrypsin (a-l抗胰蛋白酶). This gene makes a protein that protects our bodies against
inflammation (炎症). People with changed or damaged alphal-antitrypsin are not able to release
the protein correctly from the liver, so the protein is trapped there and eventually leads to liver
cirrhosis (肝硬化).
Scientists then used an advanced technique to cut away the faulty section of DNA from a stem
cell and replace it with a corrected one, according to the journal. The stem cells went on to produce
fresh and healthy liver cells with normal protein levels. Scientists put the new liver cells into mice
and found that they worked very well.
Stem cells are the life source of all other cells in the body. They could transform medicine,
providing treatment for blindness, spinal cord injuries and other serous injuries. They could also be
used to produce new cells for damaged organs.
David Lomas, a Cambridge biology professor who worked on the team, said: "If we can use a
patient"s own skins cells to produce liver cells that we can put back into the patient, we may prevent
the future need for transplantation. "
1. what is the best title of this passage?
A. How to transplant liver for patients
B. A new way to transplant livers for patients
C. The difficulty in curing liver patients
D. New life for liver patients
2. The first paragraph is written to _______.
A. show how difficult it is to cure liver disease
B. tell us what a liver transplant involves
C. introduce a potential cure for liver disease
D. show how serious liver disease can be
3.Why do some people get liver cirrhosis according to the article?
A. Because their bodies are lacking in alphal-antitrypsin.
B. Because their skin cells are not able to protect against inflammation.
C. Because the alphal-antitrypsin in their bodies is changed or damaged.
D. Because their liver releases too high a level of protein.
4. According to British scientists, liver transplant might ___________.
A. become history sooner or later
B. be replaced by a new stem cell technique in five years
C. be the only possible cure liver disease in the future
D. be prevented in the future
5. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Stem cells can keep liver cells healthy and fresh.
B. Equaling medicine, stem cells can cure blindness, spinal cord injuries and other serous injuries
C. Stem cells can replace the damaged organs.
D. All other cells in the body can"t work well without stem cells
crisis (经济危机). The statistics on unemployment, housing costs and consumer confidence keep coming
and coming, leaving people not just scared to spend money but also very stressed and emotionally
exhausted.This stress (压力) has an effect on everything, starting with our sleep, moods, physical health,
relationships and eating habits.
"Time of economic stress leads to increase rates of depression (忧郁)," says Dr Christopher Palmer,
director of continuing education at McLean Hospital in Belmont, Massachusetts. "It worsens illness in
people who have been constantly depressed. But it also causes new cases of depression. Just the fear of
losing one"s job can put people over the edge."
And, without any doubt, just depression alone can create a variety of bad health effects.
● Sleep
33 percent of Americans reported that they have lost sleep due to the economic crisis.
26 percent say they are sleeping less than 6 hours per night, which is considered to be at least one
hour less than the most favorable 7 to 8 hours recommended by sleep experts.
● Mental health, stress and heart attack
80 percent of Americans reported that last year the economy is a huge source of stress; 49 percent
said the situation make them feel nervous or anxious; 48 percent reported that they feel very sad and have developed depression.
Nearly twice the risk of heart attack or death was found in patients with the highest levels of depression or anxiety. Among those individuals, a 10 percent higher rise of heart attack or death was found in those
whose anxiety rose over time.
● Relationships
The chances of violent (暴力的) behavior are nearly 6 times higher for individuals who are left without a job.
Workplace stress can lead to domestic violence.
B. Now all Americans have problems in sleeping.
C. Economy is the most troubling problem for Americans now.
D. Economic crisis has destroyed many American families.
B. They sleep less than the proper amount.
C. Diseases caused by economy make them sleepless.
D. They lose sleep at night.
B. get divorced (离婚)
C. get rid of workplace stress
D. go mad
B. Economic Crisis Affects Americans" Health
C. Economic Crisis Causes Trouble to Sleep
D. Ordinary People Suffer Greatly in Economic Crisis
different people,happiness means different things.State of happiness comes when you feel great joy and
satisfaction in life.The unity of soul and mind is very important for getting happiness,because mind creates a
comfortable environment for the soul.And mind has the power to control human actions and feelings.
The essence of happiness lies in the fact that you do what brings you pleasure.It"s very simple.A person
has a builtin system,an analogue (模拟的)GPS (Global Positioning System)．GPS is a piece of equipment
that is most often put in cars,and shows the route from its present location to the destination.Here"s how it
works.You get in your car,choose a destination,and specify an exact address.GPS immediately determines
the best route and the arrow shows the direction of the route.If you follow the instructions of GPS all the
time,you will arrive at your destination.If you do not follow the instructions,it will say "change the route"．
So here"s your "GPS"；it is your emotional system.When you feel joy,you"re going the right way to a
happy life.When you feel sad and depressed,you"re going in the wrong direction.Your "GPS" says:"Change
the route."Some people are so used to this "change the route" that they in general no longer hear the
"GPS"．Change the route-it"s your dissatisfaction,negative emotions and a sense of unhappiness.
Listen to your GPS.If the way is chosen incorrectly,your "GPS" would tell you to "change the route"．
To gain your happiness,do follow your "GPS"．
B. one"s mind has nothing to do with one"s happiness
C. the author gave an exact definition about happiness
D. different people have different ideas about happiness
B. listening to the advice from others
C. doing what can make us feel pleased
D. trying our best to keep our mind peaceful
B. It can show the user the best route to follow.
C. It can help a driver avoid traffic accidents.
D. It can make the user get to the destination immediately
B. don"t know how to use GPS
C. don"t have a builtin system
D. follow the instructions of GPS
B. ①②－③④
C. ①－②③－④
D. ①②－③－④
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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