题目
题型：湖北省期中题难度：来源：
disease to preventing disease－especially in changing our many unhealthy behaviors, such
as poor eating habits, smoking, and failure to exercise. The line of thought about this shift
can be pursued further. Imagine a person who is about the right weight, but does
not eat very nutritious foods, who feels OK but exercises only occasionally, who goes to work
every day, but is not an outstanding worker, who drinks a few beers at home most nights
but does not drive while drunk, and who has no chest pains or abnormal blood counts,
but sleeps a lot and often feels tired. This person is not ill. He may not even be at risk for
any particular disease. But we can imagine that this person could be a lot healthier.
The field of medicine has not traditionally distinguished between someone who is just
"not ill" and someone who is in excellent health and pays attention to the body"s special
needs. Both types have simply been called "well". In recent years, however, some health
specialists have begun to apply the terms "well" and "wellness" only to those who are
actively attempting to maintain and improve their health. People who are well are
concerned with nutrition and exercise, and they make a point of monitoring their body"s
condition. Most important, perhaps, people who are well take active responsibility for
all matters related to their health. Even people who have a physical disease or handicap
(缺陷) may be "well", in this new sense, if they make an effort to maintain the best
possible health they can in the face of their physical limitations. "Wellness" may perhaps
best be viewed not as a state that people can achieve, but as an ideal that people can
struggle for. People who are well are likely to be better able to resist disease and to fight
disease when it strikes. And by focusing attention on healthy ways of living, the concept
of wellness can have a beneficial influence on the ways in which people face the challenges
of daily life.
B. removing people"s bad living habits
C. ensuring people"s psychological well-being
D. keeping people in a healthy physical condition
B. does not have any physical handicaps
C. attempts to maintain the best possible health
D. keeps a proper balance between work and leisure
B. Someone who drinks a few beers at home most nights is not healthy.
C. The concept of wellness can help people face the challenges of daily life.
D. A man without any physical or mental problem may not be really healthy.
B. have strong muscles as well as slim figures
C. try to keep healthy as possible, regardless of their limitations
D. can recover from illness even without seeking medical care
答案
核心考点
试题【阅读理解。 As we have seen, the focus of medical care in our society has been shi】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
climate.Its clinical name is seasonal affective disorder(or SAD)and up to 5% of the population (especially
in northern states)may suffer from it.Seasonal affective disorder is characterized by feelings of sadness and depression that occur in the winter months when the temperatures drop and the days grow short.The
depression is often associated with excessive eating or sleeping and weight gain.Women are twice to three times more likely to suffer from the winter blues than men.
There are many effective treatments for winter depression, some of which you c
an do to help yourself.Increasing your daily exposure to as much natural light as possible can be helpful to many.Any time when you have the opportunity to gain access to more sunlight in the winter months, you should try to do so.
Taking walks throughout the day( even if you don"t normally do so) , sitting next to a southfacing window
at your office, in a classroom, or at home will increase your sunlight exposure.Exercising next to a window or outdoors (when possible) is another activity that can help.
Although it may be difficult to do, maintaining your schedule and lifestyle will help to keep_the_
depression_at_bay.A regular pattern of sleep is the most important thing to maintain.It may be helpful, for
instance, to have your bedroom lights on a timer to turn on a halfhour before you wake.This may help in
waking at a regular time every morning,when it is still dark outside in the winter months.
Light therapy has shown to be an effective treatment for seasonal affective disorder.While you can
purchase expensive, specialized light therapy lighting fixtures for your home or office, some inexpensive
alternatives are also available.Another lighting technique to try is to replace commonly used light bulbs in
your home with brighter full spectrum( also known as broad spectrum)light bulbs.While more expensive
than regular light bulbs, these bulbs provide light that is similar to natural sunlight.
If none of these techniques seem to help your depressive symptoms, you should consider consulting
your family physician or a mental health professional.The winter blues are a form of depression and can be
readily treated with medications or psychotherapy when other selfhelp methods aren"t effective.Don"t be
afraid to talk about this condition with a professional；it"s nothing to be ashamed or afraid of.With a little
effort, the winter blues can be beaten.
A. It is very common where the weather is cold.
B. It may lead to weight gain.
C. It occurs when the temperatures drop.
D. It seldom affects men.
2. What is the most important factor in the therapy introduced in the second paragraph?
A. Exposure to natural light.
B. Sports in winter months.
C. Outdoor activities.
D. Sunlight through the window.
3. What does" to keep the depression at bay" mean in the third paragraph?
A. To shorten the duration of the depression.
B. To use light to resist the depression.
C. To keep the depression manageable and minimal.
D. To delay the occurrence of the depression.
4. For winter depression,light therapy________.
A. is much more effective than other kinds of therapy
B. is so expensive that some may not be able to afford it
C. encourages people to do outdoor exercises
D. needs specialized bulbs to replace ordinary ones
Affected by habitat (栖居地) loss and climate change, like many other uniquely Australian animals,
koalas are being squeezed into smaller regions. But at present, it is a deadly disease, a somewhat silent
killer that causes a further decline in the koala population, that is worrying many scientists about the fate of the koala.
The killer is Chlamydia, which has caused symptoms in up to 50 percent of the wild koalas, with
probably even more infected (感染) but not showing symptoms. It has been particularly severe in
Queensland, where nearly all koalas are infected. The disease causes many symptoms including eye
infections, which can lead to blindness, making it difficult for them to find their primary food.
Treating Chlamydia in wild koalas is a challenge. There is no treatment available for it. Only a small
percentage of the animals can be treated successfully and returned to the wild. Besides, there is no national plan in Australia to save the koala; it is up to each region to make management plans for its koala
population.
The good news is that researchers are working to test a vaccine (疫苗) that would help prevent further spread. If all goes well, plans can be carried out to distribute the vaccine more widely. But it"s impossible
to vaccinate (给注射疫苗) all wild koalas.
Another possibility would be to make vaccine distribution a routine part of treatment for the thousands of koalas brought into care centers every year after they are injured by cars or dogs.
While it is a combination of problems that are affecting the wild koala population, many experts believe this vaccine would be an important step in helping koalas survive longer. It may be enough time to give
researchers a chance to solve some of the other problems facing Austalia"s koalas.
A. A deadly disease.
B. Injuries from cars and dogs.
C. Climate change.
D. Habitat loss.
2. The third paragraph mainly tells us_____.
A. the serious result Chlamydia has caused to the koala
B. Chlamydia affected the koala only in particular regions
C. the most serious symptom of Chlamydia is eye infections
D. Chlamydia can seriously affect koala"s primary food
3. We can learn from the text that the vaccine_____.
A. would cure the killer Chlamydia quite effectively
B. would only be distributed in koala care centers
C. has already been put into practical use in Australia
D. cannot be distributed to all the infected koalas
4. It can be inferred from the text that_____.
A. a national plan for saving koalas will be made soon in Australia
B. koala population is declining only in a few regions
C. researchers need enough time to solve the koala problems
D. experts have lost the best chance to save the infected koalas
the sea faster than scientists expected. If it continues, Greenland itself could become much smaller during
this century and global seas could rise as much as 3 feet.
The rates of change that we"re noticing are much higher than expected. If these rates continue, it is not
likely that Greenland could shrink by several tens of percent this century. However, it"s not known how
quickly this coastal response of the Greenland ice sheet melting will have an effect on the vast inland ice.
Greenland is the world"s largest island, covering area more than three times the size of Texas. Some 81
percent of it is covered by ice, and there are many glaciers. Glaciers are like slow-moving rivers of ice.
Where a glacier meets the sea, its weight keeps it firmly resting on the bottom. A glacier"s front is the point
where the water is deep enough that the glacier floats.
Since the 1970s, the front of Helheim stayed in the same place. Then it began melting rapidly, moving
back 4.5 miles from 2001 through this past summer. It has also grown thinner, from top to bottom, by
more than 130 feet since 2001. And over these past years, its trip to the sea has sped up from about 70
feet per day to nearly 110.
The melting is driven by a warmer climate. Temperatures in Greenland have risen more than five
degrees Fahrenheit(华氏温度) in the last ten years. Since most of Greenland"s ice is on land, seas will rise
as the ice melts. If all Greenland"s ice sheet melted, oceans would be 15-20 feet higher. Nobody expects
that to happen any time soon.
B. Water in glaciers is more than sea water.
C. Glaciers sometimes float on the water.
D. Glaciers can increase the water level of lakes.
B. is the largest island in North America
C. is all covered with glaciers
D. is sinking under the sea level
B. The glaciers in other areas will be bigger.
C. It will be easy for explorers to visit the island.
D. Some coastal cities may be under the sea.
Migrating or mobile animals move through several environments as they travel away from the cold of
winter to warmer areas. Birds may fly from one part of the world to another, perhaps stopping at feeding
grounds on the way. Whales and turtles (海龟) cover vast areas of ocean. The report says that changes in any one of the places which these animals use can cause serious harm. "Obviously these animals have
developed their travelling patterns over thousands of years. But climate change is almost certain to be
extreme over the next 25 to 50 years and it is extremely unlikely that these animals can change their habits
fast enough," said the report author Dr Robert Hepworth.
Hardest hit by rising temperatures are turtles. Scientists have found that at higher temperatures, turtles
produce far more female eggs than male ones. In parts of Malaysia, turtle birthing sites are producing only
females, the report says. It also provides evidence that some turtles are more likely to develop cancer as
the waters get warmer.
With birds, the main problem is climate-related damage to important areas at either end of the travels or at resting places along the way. About one-fifth of migrating birds are now in danger because of
climate-related changes including rising sea levels, land loss and more violent storms, the report concludes.
Other animals picked out as particularly in danger include:
the North Atlantic Right Whale, whose main food (tiny shrimp) is disturbed by the change in ocean
flows and
the White-Nose Dolphin, which is out-competed by other kinds of dolphins in warmer waters.
The report is not all bad news. Even with major climatic changes, protecting the environment can still help mobile animals to recover. "We need governments to start taking action at the national and international
lever. “The clock is running.” said Dr Hepworth. And some animals are already adapting, with the report
mentioning whales that are changing their feeding behaviour, finding new feeding grounds and new foods to eat.
1. What is the main topic of the text?
A. The effect of climate change on migrating animals.
B. How animals are adapting to changes in temperature.
C. The actions required to save migrating animals.
D. The need for government policies to prevent global warming.
2. By saying "the clock is running" in the last paragraph, Dr Hepworth means that “_______”.
A. it may be too late to save some animals
B. it is time to start protecting the animals
C. there is not much time to solve the problem
D. it takes time to complete the actions
3. According to the report, how will global warming affect turtles in the future?
A. They will only produce female babies.
B. Their food supply will gradually disappear.
C. Some will suffer from higher rates of cancer.
D. They will be in greater danger because of more violent storms.
4. Which of the following is mentioned as a consequence of rising temperatures?
A. More storms will affect the ability of whales to find their feeding grounds.
B. 20 percent of all birds are likely to die out because of land loss.
C. Migrating animals are likely to start adapting to the changes more quickly.
D. Warmer oceans will increase the competition between different kinds of dolphins.
5. What can be inferred (推断) about turtles from the text?
A. They are the only animals besides humans that suffer from cancer.
B. They have traditionally lived longer than other ocean-based animals.
C. Those born nearer a hotter area are more likely to be female.
D. Most kinds of turtles are likely to die out within 50 years.
Sleep might be one answer to the problem. A new study has found that elementary school students who slept too little were more likely to gain pounds.
Past studies have shown a link between sleeping less and weighing more, but scientists have had a
tough time determining "which came first, the chicken or the egg," says Julie C. Lumeng of the University of Michigan.
To get a better idea of which causes which, Lumeng and colleagues interviewed the parents of 785
third graders from around the United States. The parents answered questions about how well their kids
slept that year. Three years later, the parents answered the same questions.
By sixth grade, 18 percent of kids involved in the study were obese (肥胖的) . The scientists found no relationship between weight and the students" race or gender (性别). It also didn"t matter how strict their
parents were, or whether they were boys or girls. Obesity struck all of these groups equally.Instead, sleep seemed to be the key factor. Over the 3 years of the study, the children averaged a healthy 9.5 hours of
sleep a night. Some kids, however, slept a lot more-- or less-- than others.
For the sixth graders, every hour of sleep above the 9.5-hour average was linked to a 20 percent lower risk of being obese. Sleep appeared doubly important for the third graders. Every extra hour of sleep they got was linked to a 40% drop in obesity by sixth grade.
"I expected we"d find that this sleep link with obesity was just a bunch of nonsense." says Lumeng, a
pediatrician (儿科医生). But their findings were convincing. No matter how her team looked at the link, "we couldn"t make it go away."
A.More and more kids put on weight.
B. 18% of the six graders were very fat.
C.9.5 hours of sleep a night is harmful.
D. Parents should be strict with their children.
2.
We can infer from the passage that .A. the sixth graders need more sleep than the third graders
B. the third graders need more sleep than the sixth graders
C. boys and girls were quit
e different in sleeping hoursD. after three years" study, the children had healthy sleeping hours
3. What does the word "it" in the last line of the last paragraph refer to?
A. Julie C. Lumeng"s team.
B. The conclusion of the study.
C. The relation between less sleep and less weight.
D. The relation between more sleep and less weight.
4. What is the best title for the passage?
A. Sleeping is Important
B. Over Sleeping is Harmful
C. Less Sleep, More Weight
D. More Sleep, More Weight
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