题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
The finding, announced on Thursday, 1 from a survey of nearly 30,000 American adults conducted between 1975 and 2006 as part of the General Social Survey.
2 happy people reported watching an 3 of 19 hours of television per week, unhappy people reported 25 hours a week. The results held even after 4 into account education, income, age and marital status.
In addition, happy individuals were more socially 5 , attended more religious services, voted more and 6 a newspaper more often than their less-chipper(没有精神的) counterparts.
The researchers are not sure, though, whether unhappiness 7 more television-watching or more viewing leads to unhappiness.
In fact, people say they like watching television: Past research has shown that when people watch television they 8 it. In these studies, participants reported that on a 9 from 0 (dislike) to 10 (greatly enjoy), TV-watching was nearly an 8.
But perhaps the high from watching television doesn"t 10 .
"These conflicting data 11 that TV may provide viewers with short-run 12 , but at the expense of long-term malaise(精神欠爽)," said researcher John Robinson, a sociologist at the University of Maryland, College Park.
In this case, even the happiest campers could turn into Debbie-downers if they continue to 13 at the TV. The researchers suggest that over time, television-viewing 14 push out other activities that do have more lasting 15 . Exercise and sex come to mind, as do parties and other forms of socialization known to have psychological benefits.
Or, maybe television is simply a refuge(慰藉物) for people who are already 16 .
"TV is not judgmental 17 difficult, so people with 18 social skills or resources for other activities can engage in it," Robinson and UM colleague Steven Martin write in the December issue of the journal Social Indicators Research.
They add, " 19 , chronic unhappiness can be socially and personally debilitating(使人衰弱的) and can interfere with work and most social and personal activities, but even the unhappiest people can click a remote and be passively 20 by a TV."
The researchers say follow-up studies are needed to tease out the relationship between television and happiness.
( ) 1. A. comes B. arrives C. differs D. results
( ) 2. A. When B. As C. While D. Therefore
( ) 3. A. average B. amount C. number D. effort
( ) 4. A. speaking B. talking C. taking D. getting
( ) 5. A. active B. positive C. crazy D. cozy
( ) 6. A. look B. read C. see D. take
( ) 7. A. builds up B. cuts down C. leads to D. tends to
( ) 8. A. hate B. enjoy C. adopt D. adapt
( ) 9. A. fashion B. group C. scale D. rate
( ) 10. A. last B. decrease C. widen D. disappear
( ) 11. A. report B. suggest C. improve D. admit
( ) 12. A. excitement B. pleasure C. suffering D. sadness
( ) 13. A. glare B. look C. stare D. fix
( ) 14. A. should B. must C. could D. need
( ) 15. A. comforts B. laughter C. pressures D. benefits
( ) 16. A. tired B. lonely C. bored D. unhappy
( ) 17. A. and B. neither C. nor D. but
( ) 18. A. few B. little C. many D. quantity
( ) 19. A. Therefore B. Furthermore C. However D. Yet
( ) 20. A. controlled B. transformed C. persuaded D. entertained
答案
解析
1. A考查动词的含义记忆与理解辨析及在语言逻辑方面的准确应用。分析得出的语境是:该研究结果根据1975年至2006年间的一项针对美国近3万名成年人的调查得出,该调查为“社会综合调查”的其中一部分。其中根据……得出,正是这一空要填的,也即是A项和其后的from连用构成短语come from,意思是来自….。而CD项虽然都和fome搭配但依次分别所表达的意思是:区别于……,因为……或起因于……,意思都和这儿的语言逻辑不契合,B项根本就不和from搭配,故我们选择A项为最佳答案。
2. C 检测连词的含义的准确记忆与理解。这一段的语境是:调查结果显示,快乐的人平均每周看电视的时间为19个小时,而不快乐的人平均每周看电视长达25个小时。该研究同时考虑了调查对象的受教育程度、收入、年龄和婚姻状况。经过分析,联系上下文的语境我们容易推理出此处应该填上表示然而之意的连词,也即是C项,D项的具有很大的迷惑性,但是是个副词,不能引导状语从句,AB两项依次分别所表达的意思是:当……的时候,因为……或者即使….. 等等,这些意思在这儿都不符合此处的上下文之间语言逻辑,故C项为准确答案。
3. A 检测名词的含义辨析及在语言逻辑方面的准确应用。由上一题的分析再加上我们熟悉的常识:调查时一般都会涉及到某个数据的平均值,总量等等,而我们看电视的一周时间的长短也就是十几个小时,这样一来,我们不难看出此处应该填上表示平均数之意的名词,也即是A项,而BCD项依次分别所表达的意思是:量,数字,努力,这些词语所表示的意思都和我们上面的分析的语言逻辑不契合,故我们选择A项为最佳答案。
4. C 检测非谓语动词中的动名词的含义的准确记忆与理解。由上一题的分析我们不难看出此处应该填上表示把……考虑进去之意的词,这四个词中只有C项和into account搭配之后才有这样的之意。而其余ABD项和into accoun都不搭配,故我们选择C项为最佳答案。
5. A 检测形容词的含义的准确记忆与理解。经过分析,语意是:此外,与不快乐的人相比,快乐的人在社交方面更为活跃,他们更爱参加宗教活动和投票选举等社会活动,并且更爱阅读。其中的更爱参加社会活动就是be socially active,也即是A项,而其余ABD三项项依次分别所表达的意思是:消极的,疯狂的,舒适的,这些词语所表示的意思都和这儿的语言逻辑相悖,故我们选择A项为最佳答案。
6. B 考查动词的含义辨析及在语言逻辑方面的准确应用。由上一题的分析和我们所了解的日常的知识,报纸通常都是读的,由此我们不难看出此处应该填上read,而不是ACD项依次分别所表达的意思是:看(动作),看到(结果)和带走,这些意思在这儿都不符合此处的上下文之间语言逻辑和常识,故B项为准确答案。
7. C 检测动词的含义的准确记忆与理解应用。联系上下文进行分析,得出语意是:但目前研究人员还不确定究竟是不快乐导致人们更爱看电视,还是看电视过多导致人们不快乐。根据语境我们容易推理出此处应该填上表示导致之意的动词,这四个词中只有C项有这样的意思。而其余ABD项依次分别所表达的意思是:建立,消减,倾向于。这些意思在这儿都不符合此处我们分析的上下文之间语言逻辑,故C项为准确答案。
8. B考查动词的含义准确掌握和理解辨析及在语言逻辑方面的准确应用。经过分析,语意是:此前的研究表明,人们在看电视时觉得很享受。联系上下文的语境我们容易推理出此处应该填上表示享受之意的动词,这四个词中只有B项有欣赏享受之意。ACD项依次分别所表达的意思是:恨,收养,适应,这些意思在这儿都不符合此处的上下文之间语言逻辑,故B项为准确答案。
9. C 检测形容词的含义的准确记忆与理解。在这些研究中,测试者要求研究对象对自己看电视时的感受程度进行打分,最低0分(代表厌恶),最高10分(特别享受)。结果显示,爱看电视的人打分接近8分。联系上下文的语境我们容易推理出此处应该填上表示程度之意的名词,也即是C项;而其余ABD项依次分别所表达的意思是:时尚,团体,比例,这些词语所表示的意思都和这儿的语言逻辑不相契合,故我们选择C项为最佳答案。
10. A 考查动词的含义辨析及在语言逻辑方面的准确应用。联系上下文的语境我们容易推理出这一句的语境是:也许是看电视所带来的快乐感并不能持久。由此分析我们不难看出此处应该填上表示持续之意的动词,也即是A项,其余BCD项依次分别所表达的意思是:下降,加宽,消失,这些词语所表示的意思都和这儿的语言逻辑不相契合,故我们选择A项为最佳答案。
11. B 考查动词的含义辨析及在语言逻辑方面的准确应用。经过分析,语意是:这种相互矛盾的数据结果说明,电视可能给观看者提供短期的快乐,但是却以长期的不快乐为代价。联系上下文的语境我们容易推理出此处应该填上表示说明之意的动词,这四个词中只有B项有这样的意思,而其余ACD项依次分别所表达的意思是:报道,改进,承认,这些意思在这儿都不符合此处的上下文之间语言逻辑,故B项为准确答案。
12. B 检测名词的含义辨析及在语言逻辑方面的准确应用。由上一题的分析我们不难看出此处应该填上表示快乐之意的名词,也即是B项,而其余ACD项依次分别所表达的意思是:兴奋,遭罪,悲伤,这些意思中的A项迷惑性最大,但是我们知道电视不仅仅带来激动和兴奋,还有伤感和眼泪,这些都不是文章所论述的内容,文章只论述电视能给人带来的快乐,因此显得与此处的上下文之间语言逻辑不合适宜,故B项为准确答案。
13. C 检测动词的含义的准确记忆与理解。由语境:这样一来,即使是最幸福的人如果他们连续不断地看电视,也会变得压抑而得不到快乐,经过分析,我们不难看出此处应该填上表示看之意的动词,这四个词中只有ABC两项有这样的意思,但是A项的意思是瞪眼看,而我们看电视往往是盯着看,也就是C项,B项只有和at搭配之后才有这样的意思,即使有这样的意思也不行,因为它表示一次看的行为,故我们选择C 项为最佳答案。
14. C 检测情态动词的含义的准确记忆与理解。联系上下文的语境我们容易推理出这一句的语境是:研究人员暗示说,观看电视可能把其它的的确有着长期的好处的活动给挤了出来。这四个词中只有C项有可能之意。而其余ABD项依次分别所表达的意思是:应该,必须,必要,这些词语所表示的意思都和这儿的语言逻辑不相契合,故我们选择C项为最佳答案。
15. D 检测名词的含义辨析及在语言逻辑方面的准确应用。由上一题的分析我们不难看出此处应该填上表示利益、好处之意的名词,也即是D项,而其余ABC项依次分别所表达的意思是:舒适,笑声,压力。这些意思在这儿都不符合此处的上下文之间语言逻辑,故B项为准确答案。
16. D 检测形容词的含义的准确记忆与理解。联系上下文的语境我们容易推理出这一句的语境是:或者可能电视仅仅是不幸福的人的一种感到得到慰藉的东西而已。不难看出此处应该填上表示不幸福之意的形容词,也即是D项,而其余ABC项依次分别所表达的意思是:厌烦的,孤独的,烦的,这些意思在这儿都不符合此处的上下文之间语言逻辑,故D项为准确答案。
17. C 检测连词的含义辨析及在语言逻辑方面的准确应用。经过分析,语意是:电视既不带有评判性又不难理解,所以没有社交技能或者别的社交活动的资源的人就经常看电视。联系上下文的语境我们容易推理出出此处应该填上表示也不之意的连词,也即是C项,最具有迷惑性的是B项,但是它通常要和另一个连词组成短语neither…..nor,而其余AD项依次分别所表达的意思是:和,但是,也不符合此处的上下文之间语言逻辑,故C项为准确答案。
18. A 检测形容词的含义的准确记忆与理解。联系上下文的语境和由上一题的分析我们不难看出此处应该填上表示很少之意的形容词,也即是A项,A项的具有很大的迷惑性,但是它用来修饰不可数名词,而skills是名词的复数形式。CD项依次分别所表达的意思是:很多,大量,所表示的意思都和这儿的语言逻辑不相契合,故我们选择A项为最佳答案。
19. B 检测副词的含义辨析及在语言逻辑方面的准确应用。联系上下文的语境我们容易推理出这一句的语境是:而且,长期的不幸福可能在社交和个人方面是人衰弱,也可能影响工作和大多数的社交和个人活动。由这个分析我们不难看出此处应该填上表示而且之意的副词,这四个词中只B项有这样的意思,而其余ACD项依次分别所表达的意思是:因此,然而,但是,其中A项的具有很大的迷惑性,但它表示因果关系,而我们要的是表示递进关系的副词,故我们选择B项为最佳答案。
20. D 考查动词过去分词的含义辨析及在语言逻辑方面的准确应用。联系上下文的语境及由上一题的分析我们容易推理出这一句的语境是:但是即使是最不幸福的人也能按遥控器进而由电视被动的得到愉悦。我们不难看出此处应该填上表示愉悦之意的动词,也即是D项,其余ABC项依次分别所表达的意思是:控制,变换,说服,这些意思在这儿都不符合此处的上下文之间语言逻辑,故D项为准确答案。
核心考点
试题【Unhappy people glue(使粘牢) themselves to the television 30 percent more than happy】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
Research is preliminary, but several studies 3 people who spend most of their days sitting are more likely to be fat, have a heart attack or even die.
In an editorial 4 this week in the British Journal of Sports Medicine, Elin Ekblom-Bak of the Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences suggested that authorities rethink how they define 5 activity to highlight the dangers of sitting.
While health officials have issued guidelines 6 minimum amounts of physical activity, they haven"t suggested people try to limit how much time they spend in a seated 7 .
"After four hours of sitting, the body starts to send 8 signals," Ekblom-Bak said. She explained that genes regulating the amount of glucoseand fat in the 9 start to shut down.
Even for people who 10 , spending long stretches of time sitting at a desk is still harmful. Tim Armstrong, a physical activity expert at the World Health Organization, said people who exercise every day — 11 still spend a lot of time sitting — might get more benefit if that exercise were spread across the day, 12 in a single bout.
That wasn"t 13 news for Aytekin Can, 31, who works at a London financial company, and spends most of his days sitting 14 a computer. Several evenings a week, Can also teaches jiu jitsu, a Japanese martial art 15 wrestling, and also does Thai boxing.
"I"m sure there are some detrimental 16 of staying still for too long, but I hope that being 17 when I can helps," he said. "I wouldn"t want to think the sitting could be 18 dangerous."
Still, in a study published last year that tracked more than 17,000 Canadians for about a dozen years, researchers found people who sat 19 had a higher death risk, independently of whether or not they exercised.
Figures from a US survey in 2003-2004 found Americans spend more than half their time sitting, from working at their desks to sitting in cars.
Experts said more research is needed to 20 just how much sitting is dangerous, and what might be possible to offset those effects.
( ) 1. A. bad B. good C. mean D. dead
( ) 2. A. does B. occurs C. matches D. dies
( ) 3. A. advise B. talk C. suggest D. say
( ) 4. A. thrown B. caught C. seen D. published
( ) 5. A. biological B. physical C. psychological D. logical
( ) 6. A. commending B. mending C. recommending D. communicating
( ) 7. A. stand B. state C. post D. position
( ) 8. A. harmful B. careful C. wonderful D. skillful
( ) 9. A. head B. arm C. body D. foot
( ) 10. A. sleep B. rest C. walk D. exercise
( ) 11. A. and B. so C. but D. then
( ) 12. A. rather than B. other than C. more than D. less than
( ) 13. A. bad B. harmful C. disadvantage D. welcome
( ) 14. A. behind B. back C. in front of D. forward
( ) 15. A. referring B. involving C. taking D. bringing
( ) 16. A. effects B. prefects C. affects D. offers
( ) 17. A. inactive B. active C. interactive D. positive
( ) 18. A. such B. little C. lot D. that
( ) 19. A. less B. fewer C. more D. further
( ) 20. A. leave out B. bring out C. hold out D. figure out
Several studies have 1 drinking green tea to lessening psychological problems and Kaijun Niu, of Tohoku University Graduate School, and colleagues found people 2 70 and older who drank four or more cups of green tea daily were 44 percent 3 likely to experience depression.
Green tea is widely 4 in many Asian countries, 5 China and Japan.
Niu"s team 6 1,058 relatively healthy elderly men and women. About 34 percent of the men and 39 percent of the women had symptoms of 7 , according to the study that was 8 in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.
A total of 488 participants said they 9 four or more cups of green tea a day, 284 said they downed two to three cups 10 and the rest reported having one or fewer cups daily.
According to the researchers, the 11 effect of drinking more 12 tea on alleviating symptoms of depression did not 13 after they factored in social and economic status, gender, diet, history of medical problems and 14 of antidepressants.
There was no 15 between consumption of black or oolong tea, or coffee, and 16 symptoms of depression.
A green tea component, the amino acid thiamine(硫胺素), which is 17 to have a tranquilizing(镇静的) 18 on the brain, may 19 the "potentially beneficial effect" shown in the current study, Niu noted, 20 that more study is needed.
( ) 1. A. linked B. taken C. considered D. regarded
( ) 2. A. aging B. aged C. years D. age
( ) 3. A. more B. little C. less D. much
( ) 4. A. sold B. planted C. spread D. consumed
( ) 5. A. including B. concluding C. containing D. considering
( ) 6. A. looked for B. checked C. investigated D. asked
( ) 7. A. optimism B. happiness C. bitterness D. depression
( ) 8. A. published B. come out C. appeared D. showed
( ) 9. A. ate B. drank C. swallowed D. chewed
( ) 10. A. weekly B. daily C. monthly D. yearly
( ) 11. A. apparent B. light C. huge D. gentle
( ) 12. A. black B. oolong C. coffee D. green
( ) 13. A. fade B. disappear C. run D. decease
( ) 14. A. influence B. effect C. use D. result
( ) 15. A. association B. use C. comparison D. difference
( ) 16. A. lower B. increase C. strengthen D. cause
( ) 17. A. assumed B. thought C. imaged D. hoped
( ) 18. A. effect B. affect C. effort D. outcome
( ) 19. A. report B. confirm C. complete D. explain
( ) 20. A. adding B. addressing C. speaking D. saying
A 1 of sleep among youngsters may 2 depression and suicidal (自***的)thoughts, according to the study by the Columbia University Medical Center.
"Our results are 3 with the theory that inadequate sleep is a risk factor for depression, working with other 4 and protective factors through multiple possible causal pathways to the development of this 5 disorder," said lead author James Gangwisch.
" 6 quality sleep could therefore be a preventative measure against 7 and a treatment for depression," he added in the study 8 in the Friday issue of Sleep magazine.
The study followed the nightly habits of some 15,659 college and high-school students, and 9 those who consistently went to bed 10 midnight had a 24 percent higher risk of depression than those who turned in before 10:00 pm.
Night owls(夜猫子)also ran a 20 percent 11 risk of battling suicidal thoughts, the study added.
The American Academy of Sleep Medicine 12 that adolescents should sleep at least nine hours or more a night. Those who were tucked in before 10:00 pm reported they slept 13 about eight hours and 10 minutes.
But that amount of sleep 14 significantly for those in bed after midnight.
And adolescents who slept five hours or less a night were 71 percent more 15 to suffer depression and 48 percent more 16 becoming suicidal, the study said.
"It is a common perception and societal 17 that adolescents do not need as much sleep as pre-adolescents, yet studies suggest that adolescents may 18 require more sleep," said Gangwisch.
"Studies have found that adolescents do not go to bed 19 enough to make up for earlier school start times, and transitions to earlier school start times have been shown to be 20 with significant sleep deprivation(剥夺). "
( ) 1. A. night B. moderation C. limit D. lack
( ) 2. A. result in B. lie in C. come about D. bring in
( ) 3. A. opposed B. mixed C. related D. consistent
( ) 4. A. risk B. chance C. potential D. reason
( ) 5. A. mood B. body C. feeling D. mind
( ) 6. A. little B. lack C. Adequate D. over
( ) 7. A. suffering B. depression C. disorder D. sadness
( ) 8. A. reported B. published C. reflected D. noted
( ) 9. A. found B. investigated C. appraised D. supported
( ) 10. A. before B. from C. by D. after
( ) 11. A. lower B. higher C. more D. less
( ) 12. A. appeals B. recommends C. calls D. plans
( ) 13. A. on average B. in place C. ahead of D. in number
( ) 14. A. increased B. disappeared C. strengthened D. dropped
( ) 15. A. likely B. probable C. possible D. perhaps
( ) 16. A. at sight of B. at risk of C. in front of D. as a result of
( ) 17. A. wish B. expectation C. suggestion D. attempt
( ) 18. A. exactly B. immediately C. directly D. actually
( ) 19. A. early B. lately C. soon D. quickly
( ) 20. A. separated B. associated C. divided D. depended
The research team have discovered that subordinate fish voluntarily diet to avoid challenging their larger competitors. “In studying gobies we noticed that only the largest two individuals, a male and female, had breeding (繁殖) rights within the group,” explains Marian Wong. “All other group members are nonbreeding females, each being 5-10% smaller than its next largest competitor. We wanted to find out how they maintain this precise size separation.”
The reason for the size difference was easy to see. Once a subordinate fish grows to within 5-10% of the size of its larger competitor, it causes a fight which usually ends in the smaller goby being driven away from the group. More often than not, the evicted fish is then eaten up.
It appeared that the smaller fish were keeping themselves small in order to avoid challenging the boss fish. Whether they did so voluntarily, by restraining how much they ate, was not clear. The research team decided to do an experiment. They tried to fatten up some of the subordinate gobies to see what happened. To their surprise, the gobies simply refused the extra food they were offered, clearly preferring to remain small and avoid fights, over having a feast.
The discovery challenges the traditional scientific view of how boss individuals keep their position in a group. Previously it was thought that large individuals simply used their weight and size to threaten their subordinates and take more of the food for themselves, so keeping their competitors small.
While the habits of gobies may seem a little mysterious, Dr. Wong explains that understanding the relationships between boss and subordinate animals is important to understanding how hierarchical (等级的) societies remain stable.
The research has proved the fact that voluntary dieting is a habit far from exclusive to humans. “As yet, we lack a complete understanding of how widespread the voluntary reduction of food intake is in nature,” the researchers comment. “Data on human dieting suggests that, while humans generally diet to improve health or increase attractiveness, rarely does it improve long-term health and males regularly prefer females that are fatter than the females’ own ideal.”
小题1:When a goby grows to within 5-10% of the size of its larger competitor, it .
A.faces danger | B.has breeding rights |
C.eats its competitor | D.leaves the group itself |
A.the fish beaten up | B.the fish found out |
C.the fish fattened up | D.the fish driven away |
A.fought over a feast | B.went on diet willingly |
C.preferred some extra food | D.challenged the boss fish |
A.Fish dieting and human dieting. |
B.Dieting and health. |
C.Human dieting. |
D.Fish dieting. |
Some people blame the fact that we are surrounded(包围)by shops selling unhealthy,fatty foods,such as fried chicken and ice cream,at low prices.This has turned out a whole generation of grown-ups who seldom cook a meal for themselves.If there were fewer of these restaurants,then probably children would buy less take-away food.
There is another argument that blames parents for allowing their children to become overweight.I agree with this,because good eating habits begin early in life,long before children start to visit fast food shops.If children are given fried chicken and chocolate rather than healthy food,or are always allowed to choose what they eat,they will go for sweet and salty foods every time,and this will carry on throughout their lives.
There is a third reason for this situation.Children these days take very little exercise.They do not walk to school.When they get home,they sit in front of the television or their computers and play computer games.Not only is this an unhealthy pastime(消遣),it also gives them time to eat more unhealthy food.What they need is to go outside and play active games or sports.
The above are the main reasons for this problem,and therefore we have to encourage young people to be more active,as well as steering them away from fast food shops and bad eating habits.
小题1:According to the text,what kind of children may eat more unhealthy food?
A.Those who often take exercise. |
B.Those who often watch television. |
C.Those who often have meals at home. |
D.Those who often walk to school. |
A.their parents often cook meals for them |
B.they are too busy to go out and play |
C.they can’t choose what to eat |
D.there are too many fast food shops around |
A.forcing | B.guiding |
C.driving | D.moving |
A.tell a story | B.provide facts |
C.give advice | D.compare opinions |
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