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Elderly people who drink several cups of green tea a day are less likely to suffer from depression, probably due to a "feel good" chemical found in this type of tea, Japanese researchers said.
Several studies have    1 drinking green tea to lessening psychological problems and Kaijun Niu, of Tohoku University Graduate School, and colleagues found people    2  70 and older who drank four or more cups of green tea daily were 44 percent   3    likely to experience depression.
Green tea is widely  4   in many Asian countries, 5   China and Japan.
Niu"s team  6    1,058 relatively healthy elderly men and women. About 34 percent of the men and 39 percent of the women had symptoms of    7  , according to the study that was  8     in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.
A total of 488 participants said they    9   four or more cups of green tea a day, 284 said they downed two to three cups    10  and the rest reported having one or fewer cups daily.
According to the researchers, the    11   effect of drinking more    12   tea on alleviating symptoms of depression did not    13  after they factored in social and economic status, gender, diet, history of medical problems and       14 of antidepressants.
There was no   15   between consumption of black or oolong tea, or coffee, and   16    symptoms of depression.
A green tea component, the amino acid thiamine(硫胺素), which is  17   to have a tranquilizing(镇静的)  18  on the brain, may 19  the "potentially beneficial effect" shown in the current study, Niu noted,   20  that more study is needed.
(   ) 1. A. linked              B. taken         C. considered               D. regarded
(   ) 2. A. aging                      B. aged          C. years                D. age
(   ) 3. A. more                B. little          C. less                  D. much
(    ) 4. A. sold                 B. planted      C. spread               D. consumed
(    ) 5. A. including          B. concluding C. containing               D. considering
(    ) 6. A. looked for               B. checked     C. investigated      D. asked
(    ) 7. A. optimism          B. happiness   C. bitterness          D. depression
(    ) 8. A. published         B. come out   C. appeared           D. showed
(    ) 9. A. ate                   B. drank               C. swallowed               D. chewed
(    ) 10. A. weekly           B. daily          C. monthly           D. yearly
(    ) 11. A. apparent         B. light          C. huge                D. gentle
(    ) 12. A. black                     B. oolong      C. coffee              D. green
(    ) 13. A. fade                      B. disappear   C. run                  D. decease
(   ) 14. A. influence               B. effect               C. use                   D. result
(    ) 15. A. association      B. use            C. comparison       D. difference
(    ) 16. A. lower             B. increase     C. strengthen         D. cause
(    ) 17. A. assumed          B. thought     C. imaged              D. hoped
(    ) 18. A. effect             B. affect               C. effort                      D. outcome
(    ) 19. A. report             B. confirm     C. complete          D. explain
(    ) 20. A. adding            B. addressing        C. speaking           D. saying
答案
1-20 ABCDA CDABB ADACA ABADA
解析
本文论述的是:喝绿茶可以减缓老年人的精神抑郁症。在做本完形填空题的时候,需要同学们结合自己知道的有关绿茶的常识及联系文章的上下文之间的语意来确定答案。
1. A 此题考查动词词义的简单辨析。这一句的意思:某些研究把喝绿茶跟缓解精神问题联系起来,我们得知用A项:link…to…, 把……和……联系起来,其他三项依次分别表示:带走,考虑,认为,都无此意。
2. B 此题的解题关键是得知道aged是个形容词,意思是:……岁的,而其他的三项均无此意。最容易错选的是years和age,然而此两个词的正确用法是:70 years old和at the age of 70,aging本身就是个错误,故选择B项。
3. C 解此题的关键是得联系上下文的逻辑关系。文章的第一句就说:老年人喝绿茶可以少有可能患抑郁症。此时也是这个意思,只不过多了个44%,more表示的意思刚好相反,又得用比较级,然而little和much是原级,所以选择C项:比较少。
4. D 这个题得结合常识和把握文章的话题。文章说的是:老龄人喝绿茶。这里的“喝”,就说consume:消耗,消费。ABC项依次的意思是:卖(sold是sell的过去式),种植,传播,故我们选择D项。
5. A 考查的是近义词和形状相近的词的辨析。Include:包括(整体),contain:包含(元素),又因为中国和日本都属于亚洲,再者,其逻辑主语是countries,和include这个动词之间是主动关系,conclude:得出结论;consider:考虑,故选用including
6. C 这一空的考查的动词词义的辨析。结合上下文我们得知:Niu和他的同事在大学里作研究,要研究就得调查,也就是investigate,而别的三项的语意分别是:寻找,核对,问,都就显得不合适了。
7. D 考查名词词义的准确记忆。全文讲述的都是老年人喝绿茶可以少患抑郁症。ABC项的含义分别是:乐观,高兴,辛酸。这儿的D项意思是:depression,抑郁。故D为正确答案。
8. A 检测联系上下文的能力。the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition明显是一份杂志,当然这项研究要“刊登(published)”在杂志上,也就是选择A项,而不是BC两项,这是因为他们就没有被动语态这样的用法,come out的用法是:sth.come out:……出版了。appear的用法跟它相似。而D项的show表示意思是:展示,逻辑上页也不合适。
9. B 此题考查动词词义的辨析。茶当然是用来喝的,也即是:drink,它的过去式就是drank。而不是ACD项分别表达得“吃,吞,嚼”之意。
10.B 此题考查的是喝茶的常识,当然是“每天”(daily)喝两到三杯茶,不可能“每周(weekly),每月(monthly),每年(yearly)”才喝三杯茶。故B项正确。
11.A 考查形容词词义的辨析。从文章前面的论述我们得知:老年人喝绿茶可以少患抑郁症,并且可也大幅度的降低几率,这个效果当然很明显,也即是:apparent,而不是BCD项分别依次所表示含义:轻微的,巨大的,温柔的。
12.D 考查上下文逻辑关系的照应。文章的开头第一句就说是绿茶:green tea,也就是D项,而不是红茶(black tea)和乌龙茶(oolong tea),更不是什么咖啡(coffee)
13.A 这一题的关键是厘清这一段的逻辑关系和语意:在这些研究人员看来,在他们把各种社会、经济地位、性别、饮食、各种患病史和使用抗抑郁症药等等考虑进来之后,喝绿茶有减缓精神压抑的明显作用也很明显,也就是没有消退:fade,暗淡,褪色,消退。BCD项表示的意思不合适:disappear(消失),run(跑),decease(死亡)。
14.C 检测名词词义的准确记忆和上下文语言逻辑之间的照应。由上一题的分析我们得知,此空需填上表示使用之意的词语,C项use就是这个意思;ABD三项表示的意思依次分别是:影响,作用,结果,在语言逻辑上都不合适。
15.A检测名词词义的准确记忆和上下文语言逻辑的照应。这一段是拿绿茶和红茶还有咖啡相比较,意思是说:喝红茶或者咖啡与抑郁症的症状有所降低之间没有联系,也就是:association,联系。BCD项的意思分别是:使用,比较,不同,语言逻辑上都不合适。故A项为正确答案。
16.A检测动词词义的准确记忆和上下文语言逻辑的照应。由上一题的分析,我们知道此处要填上表示“减少”或者“降低”之意的动词,也就是lower,其余BCD三项的意思分别依次是:增加,加强,导致。无论意思上还是逻辑上都不合适。故选择A项。
17.B 考查近义词的辨析。我们可以从这些词的基本意思结合这一段的语境来确定答案。语境是:Niu指明说,他认为对大脑有着镇静作用的硫胺素可以解释在这项研究里表明的这种潜在的有益的影响。又补充说,还有必要再作研究。因为是做研究,所以不能是假想(assume)和想象(image)。而hope根本就没有这样的用法。
18.A检测名词词义的准确记忆和上下文语言逻辑的照应。由上一题的分析我们知道此题要填上表示“影响”之意的名词,也就是effect,而不是CD三项依次表示的意思:努力,结果,B项的affect(影响)是个动词。而不是名词;又因为have an/a…..effect on是固定的搭配,故选A项。解这个题的关键是单词的准确记忆,包括它们的词形、词性和词义。
19.D考查的是动词的词义的辨析,由上一题所分析的语境得知此空要表达的意思是:硫胺素可以说明这种潜在的有益影响。这四个词中只有explain有解释说明之意,其余ABC三项表达的意思依次分别是:报道,证实,完成;无论是意思还是逻辑上都不照应,故D项为正确答案。
20.A考查近义词的含义和辨析。有上下文的语境我们得知:Niu前面已经说了一句,现在是“接着说”,也就是adding。B项的意思:致辞,演说;C项的意思:说(语言);D项的迷惑性最大,但是它的意思是:说(言语)。故选择A项:接着说。
核心考点
试题【Elderly people who drink several cups of green tea a day are less likely to suff】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
It seems parents have long been right. Going to bed early is key to getting enough sleep and helping adolescents feel on top of the world, a new study reported.
A   1  of sleep among youngsters may    2  depression and suicidal (自***的)thoughts, according to the study by the Columbia University Medical Center.
"Our results are   3  with the theory that inadequate sleep is a risk factor for depression, working with other   4  and protective factors through multiple possible causal pathways to the development of this   5  disorder," said lead author James Gangwisch.
"  6  quality sleep could therefore be a preventative measure against   7  and a treatment for depression," he added in the study   8  in the Friday issue of Sleep magazine.
The study followed the nightly habits of some 15,659 college and high-school students, and   9  those who consistently went to bed   10  midnight had a 24 percent higher risk of depression than those who turned in before 10:00 pm.
Night owls(夜猫子)also ran a 20 percent   11  risk of battling suicidal thoughts, the study added.
The American Academy of Sleep Medicine   12  that adolescents should sleep at least nine hours or more a night. Those who were tucked in before 10:00 pm reported they slept    13  about eight hours and 10 minutes.
But that amount of sleep  14  significantly for those in bed after midnight.
And adolescents who slept five hours or less a night were 71 percent more   15  to suffer depression and 48 percent more     16  becoming suicidal, the study said.
"It is a common perception and societal   17  that adolescents do not need as much sleep as pre-adolescents, yet studies suggest that adolescents may  18  require more sleep," said Gangwisch.
"Studies have found that adolescents do not go to bed   19  enough to make up for earlier school start times, and transitions to earlier school start times have been shown to be   20  with significant sleep deprivation(剥夺). "
(    ) 1. A. night                B. moderation       C. limit                D. lack
(    ) 2. A. result in           B. lie in                C. come about       D. bring in
(    ) 3. A. opposed           B. mixed              C. related              D. consistent
(    ) 4. A. risk                  B. chance              C. potential           D. reason
(    ) 5. A. mood                      B. body                C. feeling             D. mind
(    ) 6. A. little                B. lack                 C. Adequate          D. over
(    ) 7. A. suffering          B. depression               C. disorder            D. sadness
(    ) 8. A. reported           B. published          C. reflected           D. noted
(    ) 9. A. found                      B. investigated      C. appraised          D. supported
(    ) 10. A. before            B. from                C. by                    D. after
(    ) 11. A. lower             B. higher              C. more                D. less
(    ) 12. A. appeals           B. recommends     C. calls                 D. plans
(    ) 13. A. on average      B. in place            C. ahead of           D. in number
(    ) 14. A. increased               B. disappeared       C. strengthened     D. dropped
(    ) 15. A. likely             B. probable           C. possible            D. perhaps
(    ) 16. A. at sight of       B. at risk of          C. in front of               D. as a result of
(    ) 17. A. wish               B. expectation       C. suggestion               D. attempt
(   ) 18. A. exactly           B. immediately      C. directly            D. actually
(    ) 19. A. early              B. lately                      C. soon                 D. quickly
(    ) 20. A. separated               B. associated         C. divided             D. depended
题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
People diet to look more attractive. Fish diet to avoid being beaten up, thrown out of their social group, and getting eaten as a result. That is the fascinating conclusion of the latest research into fish behavior by a team of Australian scientists.
The research team have discovered that subordinate fish voluntarily diet to avoid challenging their larger competitors. “In studying gobies we noticed that only the largest two individuals, a male and female, had breeding (繁殖) rights within the group,” explains Marian Wong. “All other group members are nonbreeding females, each being 5-10% smaller than its next largest competitor. We wanted to find out how they maintain this precise size separation.”
The reason for the size difference was easy to see. Once a subordinate fish grows to within 5-10% of the size of its larger competitor, it causes a fight which usually ends in the smaller goby being driven away from the group. More often than not, the evicted fish is then eaten up.
It appeared that the smaller fish were keeping themselves small in order to avoid challenging the boss fish. Whether they did so voluntarily, by restraining how much they ate, was not clear. The research team decided to do an experiment. They tried to fatten up some of the subordinate gobies to see what happened. To their surprise, the gobies simply refused the extra food they were offered, clearly preferring to remain small and avoid fights, over having a feast.
The discovery challenges the traditional scientific view of how boss individuals keep their position in a group. Previously it was thought that large individuals simply used their weight and size to threaten their subordinates and take more of the food for themselves, so keeping their competitors small.
While the habits of gobies may seem a little mysterious, Dr. Wong explains that understanding the relationships between boss and subordinate animals is important to understanding how hierarchical (等级的) societies remain stable.
The research has proved the fact that voluntary dieting is a habit far from exclusive to humans. “As yet, we lack a complete understanding of how widespread the voluntary reduction of food intake is in nature,” the researchers comment. “Data on human dieting suggests that, while humans generally diet to improve health or increase attractiveness, rarely does it improve long-term health and males regularly prefer females that are fatter than the females’ own ideal.”
小题1:When a goby grows to within 5-10% of the size of its larger competitor, it        .
A.faces dangerB.has breeding rights
C.eats its competitorD.leaves the group itself
小题2:The underlined words “the evicted fish” in Paragraph 3 refer to        .
A.the fish beaten upB.the fish found out
C.the fish fattened upD.the fish driven away
小题3:The experiment showed that the smaller fish        .
A.fought over a feast B.went on diet willingly
C.preferred some extra foodD.challenged the boss fish
小题4:What is the text mainly about?
A.Fish dieting and human dieting.
B.Dieting and health.
C.Human dieting.
D.Fish dieting.

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
Many facts suggest that children are overweight and the situation is getting worse,according to the doctors.I feel there are a number of reasons for this.
Some people blame the fact that we are surrounded(包围)by shops selling unhealthy,fatty foods,such as fried chicken and ice cream,at low prices.This has turned out a whole generation of grown-ups who seldom cook a meal for themselves.If there were fewer of these restaurants,then probably children would buy less take-away food.
There is another argument that blames parents for allowing their children to become overweight.I agree with this,because good eating habits begin early in life,long before children start to visit fast food shops.If children are given fried chicken and chocolate rather than healthy food,or are always allowed to choose what they eat,they will go for sweet and salty foods every time,and this will carry on throughout their lives.
There is a third reason for this situation.Children these days take very little exercise.They do not walk to school.When they get home,they sit in front of the television or their computers and play computer games.Not only is this an unhealthy pastime(消遣),it also gives them time to eat more unhealthy food.What they need is to go outside and play active games or sports.
The above are the main reasons for this problem,and therefore we have to encourage young people to be more active,as well as steering them away from fast food shops and bad eating habits.
小题1:According to the text,what kind of children may eat more unhealthy food?
A.Those who often take exercise.
B.Those who often watch television.
C.Those who often have meals at home.
D.Those who often walk to school.
小题2:The author thinks that children are becoming overweight because ________.
A.their parents often cook meals for them
B.they are too busy to go out and play
C.they can’t choose what to eat
D.there are too many fast food shops around
小题3:The word“steering”underlined in the last sentence most probably means ________.
A.forcingB.guiding
C.drivingD.moving
小题4:The main purpose of the text is to ________.
A.tell a storyB.provide facts
C.give adviceD.compare opinions

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
Over the last 70 years,researchers have been studying happy and unhappy people and finally found out ten factors that make a difference.Our feelings of well-being at any moment are determined to a certain degree by genes.However,of all the factors,wealth and age are the top two.
Money can buy a degree of happiness.But once you can afford to feed,clothe and house yourself,each extra dollar makes less and less difference.
Researchers find that,on average,wealthier people are happier.But the link between money and happiness is complex.In the past half-century,average income has sharply increased in developed countries,yet happiness levels have remained almost the same.Once your basic needs are met,money only seems to increase happiness if you have more than your friends,neighbors and colleagues.
“Dollars buy status,and status makes people feel better,”conclude some experts,which helps explain why people who can seek status in other ways—scientists or actors,for example—may happily accept relatively poorly-paid jobs.
In a research,Professor Alex Michalos found that the people whose desires—not just for money,but for friends,family,job,health—rose furthest beyond what they already had,tended to be less happy than those who felt a smaller gap(差距).Indeed,the size of the gap predicted happiness about five times better than income alone.“The gap measures just blow away the only measures of income,”says Michalos.
Another factor that has to do with happiness is age.Old age may not be so bad.“Given all the problems of aging,how could the elderly be more satisfied?”asks Professor Laura Carstensen.
In one survey,Carstensen interviewed 184 people between the ages of 18 and 94,and asked them to fill out an emotions questionaire.She found that old people reported positive emotions just as often as young people,but negative emotions much less often.
Why are old people happier?Some scientists suggest older people may expect life to be harder and learn to live with it,or they’re more realistic about their goals,only setting ones that they know they can achieve.But Carstensen thinks that with time running out,older people have learned to focus on things that make them happy and let go of those that don’t.
“People realize not only what they have,but also that what they have cannot last forever,”she says.“A goodbye kiss to a husband or wife at the age of 85,for example,may bring far more complex emotional responses than a similar kiss to a boy or girl friend at the age of 20.”
小题1:According to the passage,the feeling of happiness______.
A.is determined partly by genes
B.increases gradually with age
C.has little to do with wealth
D.is measured by desires
小题2:Some actors would like to accept poorly-paid jobs because the jobs______.
A.make them feel much better
B.provide chances to make friends
C.improve their social position
D.satisfy their professional interests
小题3:Aged people are more likely to feel happy because they are more______.
A.optimistic
B.successful
C.practical
D.emotional
小题4:Professor Alex Michalos found that people feel less happy if______.
A.the gap between reality and desire is bigger
B.they have a stronger desire for friendship
C.their income is below their expectation
D.the hope for good health is greater

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
People who have lost the ability to understand or use words due to brain damage are called aphasics(失语症患者).Such patients can be extremely good at something else.From the changing expressions on speakers’ faces and the tones of their voices,they can tell lies from truths.
Doctors studying the human brain have given a number of examples of this amazing power of aphasics.Some have even compared this power to that of a dog with an ability to find out the drugs hidden in the baggage.
Recently,scientists carried out tests to see if all that was said about aphasics was true.THEY STUDIED A MIXED GROUP OF PEOPLE.Some were normal;others were aphasics.It was proved that the aphasics were far ahead of the normal people in recognizing false speeches—in most cases,the normal people were fooled by words,but the aphasics were not.
Some years ago,Dr.Oliver Sacks wrote in his book about his experiences with aphasics.He mentioned a particular case in a hospital.Some aphasics were watching the president giving a speech on TV.Since the president had been an actor earlier,making a good speech was no problem for him.He was trying to put his feelings into every word of his speech.
But his way of speaking had the opposite effect on the patients.They didn’t seem to believe him.Instead,they burst into laughter.The aphasics knew that the president did not mean a word of what he was saying.He was lying!
Many doctors see aphasics as people who are not completely normal because they lack the ability to understand words.However,according to Dr.Sacks,they are more gifted than normal people.Normal people may get carried away by words.Aphasics seem to understand human expressions better,though they cannot understand words.
小题1:What is so surprising about aphasics?
A.They can fool other people.B.They can find out the hidden drugs.
C.They can understand language better.D.They can tell whether people are lying.
小题2:How did the scientists study aphasics?
A.By asking them to watch TV together.
B.By organizing them into acting groups.
C.By comparing them with normal people.
D.By giving them chances to speak on TV.
小题3:What do we learn from this text?
A.What one says reflects how one feels.
B.Aphasics have richer feelings than others.
C.Normal people often tell lies in their speeches.
D.People poor at one thing can be good at another.

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
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