题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
A surgical technique known as “keyhole surgery” has become more common in recent years. In general, the surgeon will make a couple of small incisions around the area where the operation is going to be performed. Tubes are pushed into the holes, and a tiny camera, which is called an endoscope, is put into the body. The camera is attached to a large monitor screen that is positioned so that the doctor can see it while he performs the operation. In addition to the camera, doctors also push their tiny surgical instruments through the tubes. The awkward part of keyhole surgery is that it is counterintuitive; that is to say, if a surgeon wants to move the tool to the left, he or she must push it to the right.
Other advancements in technology are also being used today in the OR (operation room). A new machine called the “da Vinci Surgical System” has been tested in hospitals in the U.S.. Unlike keyhole surgery, the da Vinci’s robot’s moving parts are designed to imitate the natural hand and wrist movement of a surgeon, thus providing better control and sensitivity. The system is controlled by a surgeon from a console(控制台). Sitting at a console a few feet from the patient, the surgeon can perform an operation by holding and moving highly sensitive pads that enable him or her to control the instruments. The area of the body on which the surgeon is working is enlarged on a screen, which is attached to the console. This gives surgeons a realistic three-dimensional view of the area — similar to what they would see during a traditional surgical procedure.
Although the da Vinci Surgical System is undergoing some trials for some procedures, it has been welcomed as revolutionary by many surgeons. Patients with serious illnesses must still undergo major surgery, but the smaller incisions and less invasive procedures typically mean that a shorter recovery time is needed. In some cases, the patient’s stay in the hospital has been cut in half when the da Vinci Surgical System was used. On the downside, some operations have taken up to fifty minutes longer because surgeons are inexperienced at using the new technology. As surgeons become more familiar with the machines, the time needed for surgical procedures is likely to decrease.
小题1:What can be learned about the traditional surgery according to the passage?
A.The cost of the traditional surgery is very high. |
B.It often leaves a large wound in a person’s body. |
C.Long incisions are made in a patient’s chest. |
D.The incision is often infected after the operation. |
A.It requires the use of long, thin tools and a tiny camera. |
B.The doctor can not view the inside of the patient’s body clearly. |
C.The direction in which a doctor moves the surgical tools is reversed. |
D.An endoscope has to be inserted into the patient’s body in advance. |
A.requires that a surgeon make more small incisions on a patient |
B.reduces the amount of time it takes to perform a surgical procedure |
C.allows the surgeon to use the surgical instruments more sensitively |
D.eliminates the need for surgeons to make large incisions on patients |
A.the challenges brought about by new technology |
B.the benefits and drawbacks of the da Vinci Surgical System |
C.the reflections on the development in medical science |
D.the application of new technologies in modern surgery |
答案
解析
核心考点
试题【Traditional surgical procedures require surgeons to make large incisions(伤口) in 】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
Because you feel full sooner, you eat less of your main course.
The soup regime(养生法)was tested by researchers at Pennsylvania State University, led by Dr Barbara Rolls.
They found that when people ate a first course of soup before lunch they reduced their total calorie intake by 20 per cent, compared with those who did not begin the meal with soup.
But those who favor creamy soups should be careful.Researchers stressed the soup must be low-calorie and based on stock(菜汤), not cream.
All of the soups tested in the study were made from identical ingredients - chicken stock , broccoli(硬花甘蓝), potato, cauliflower(菜花)and carrots.
They were mixed together to create four different textures and thickness from separate stock and vegetables through to pureed soup.
Scientists thought that thick soups with chunks of vegetables which required chewing might be more filling, but to their surprise they found all forms had the same effect.
The findings were presented to the Experimental Biology conference in Washington, DC, and the research was part-funded by the National Institutes of Health.
小题1: What’s the reason that adding low-calorie vegetable soup to the start of a meal can actually help to lose weight?
A.You can take in large quantities of vegetables. |
B.You can absorb high calories from the soup. |
C.You can take in low calories from the soup. |
D.You can feel full soon after having the soup. |
A.chicken stock | B.cauliflower | C.cream | D.carrots |
A.Vegetable Soup Helps to Lose Weight. |
B.A Scientific Research is Carrying out. |
C.A Research Done at Pennsylvania State University |
D.Findings Carried out to the Experimental Biology. |
A.hate | B.enjoy | C.prefer | D.drink. |
Walensky and her colleagues used computer programs to model the most cost-effective disease interventions(干预), as well as collected data from clinics in Africa and India about what works best. They found that among the choices of what to do first, earlier anti-retroviral therapy (疗法)improved five-year survival dramatically and resulted in the longer life expectancy. But cost-effective doesn"t always mean affordable, especially for governments in poor countries. Countries still have to make difficult choices about how much treatment they can afford.
People in Nairobi, Kenya on Thursday, Dec. 9, 2010, protest a potential free trade area agreement between the EU and India that could see cheap anti-AIDS drugs phased out(逐步淘汰). However, Walensky notes that first-line anti-retrovirals—those medicine given to newly diagnosed patients that can keep away from symptoms for years - are much cheaper than they were a decade ago. "Second-line therapy have come down quite a bit but not to the level of first-line and countries are having a hard time affording them and increasingly over time, people are going to fail first-line therapy and they"re going second-line therapy and then, eventually, they"re going to need third-line therapy, some of them."
According to Walensky, history has shown that drug prices can come down when international pressure is applied to drug makers. But for now, she says, countries should focus on treating as many people as they can, as early as possible
Her paper is published in the online journal PLoS Medicine.
小题1: Which is the best title for the passage?
A.HIV Has Spread in Poorer Countries |
B.Rochelle Walensky’s Life |
C.International Pressure to Drug Makers |
D.Early HIV Treatment Saves Lives |
A.Anti-retroviral drugs have become cheap now. |
B.The cost-effective treatment may be a heavy expense. |
C.Cheap anti-AIDS drugs have been phased out . |
D.First-line therapy deals with the most severe disease. |
A.using computer programs and collecting data from clinics |
B.giving medicine to newly diagnosed patients with AIDS |
C.urging countries to focus on treating more patients earlier |
D.publishing her paper in the online journal PLoS Medicine |
A.assessment | B.comment | C.introduction | D.background |
On the other hand, the quality of personal relationships at teaching hospitals is variable. Many patients feel that they are treated in an impersonal way, and that their laboratory tests receive more attention that their human and social problems. Since these institutions are on the frontier of medicine, there is a tendency to emphasize the new and elaborate procedures, when older and more modest ones might have served as well. With the inexperience of some members of the care team, there is a tendency to order more laboratory tests than what would have been ordered for the same condition in a private hospital. The sick patients are sometimes confused by having to relate to a large number of doctors and students. Medical educators are concerned with such criticisms and have to correct some of the problems. However, some excesses(超额) of technological medicine still occur in these institutions.
小题1:One of the advantages of a teaching hospital is that .
A.its first-class personnel are a guarantee of excellent medical care |
B.its first-class medical facilities and skills make medical breakthroughs possible |
C.the interns, residents and medical students all offer satisfactory services |
D.its laboratory staff provide high-class professional aids for the doctors |
A.private hospitals usually give personalized care of high quality |
B.private hospitals have more experienced laboratory staff |
C.teaching hospitals use patients as subjects for their experiments |
D.teaching hospitals usually give patients improper treatment |
A.by specialists in charge of the case |
B.by doctors and students together |
C.on some special and important occasions |
D.through collective efforts and serious review |
A.the inadequate patient care caused by irresponsible nurses. |
B.the wrong decisions made by inexperienced doctors |
C.improper dependence on technological medicine |
D.the inconvenience caused by the presence of medical students |
First, employers should take the responsibility for their retired employees. To make this possible, a percentage of profits should be set aside for this purpose. But when a company must tak
![](http://img.shitiku.com.cn/uploads/allimg/20191221/20191221025919-24319.gif)
Another way of solving the problem is to return the responsibility to the individual. This means each person must save during his working years to pay for his years of retirement. This does not seem a very fair model since some people have enough trouble paying for their daily life without trying to earn extra to cover their retirement years. This means the government might have to step in to care for the poor.
In addition, the government could take responsibility for the care of the elderly. This could be financed through government taxes to increase the level of pensions(养老金). Furthermore, some in-situation should be created for senior citizens, which can help provide a comfortable life for them. Unfortunately, as the present situation in our country shows, this is not a truly viable answer. The government can seldom afford to care for the elderly, particularly when it is busy trying to care for the young.
One further solution is that the government or social organizations establish some working places especially for the elderly where they are independent.
To sum up, all these options(选择)have advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, it is reasonable to expect that some combination of these options may be needed to provide the care we hope to give to our elderly generations.
小题1:What is the passage mainly about?
A.The problems faced by the old in society. |
B.Why we should take responsibility for the old. |
C.How we can improve the lives of the old. |
D.Where the old can go to get their pensions. |
A.Set aside some profits to help people with problems after they retire. |
B.Increase savings levels of people during their working years. |
C.Increase the discounts for food and transport for the old. |
D.Make available pensions for those who have retired. |
A.impossible | B.practical | C.useful | D.successful |
A.Taking care of the old is mainly an issue of money. |
B.Employers should allow their workers to retire at a later age. |
C.Becoming independent should be the goal of most old people. |
D.There is no single solution to the problems of the old. |
A.To point out the need for government support for old people. |
B.To make general readers aware of the problems of retired people. |
C.To discuss some possible solutions to an important social problem. |
D.To instruct retired people on how they can have a happier life. |
When is it too cold for schoolchildren to go outside for recess(课间休息)? The answer varies widely based on where a school is located and what the kids are used to.
Consider: One northern Minnesota school says it has to be 15 below zero before kids are kept inside. But in areas along the East Coast, temperatures below 35 to 40 degrees could keep kids inside. Canceling recess because of the cold is no small issue considering that much of the USA is trembling through what may be its coldest winter in a generation, according to
![](http://img.shitiku.com.cn/uploads/allimg/20191221/20191221025914-28718.gif)
There is no national temperature standard for when to keep kids inside during the winter months, the U.S. Department of Education says. Decisions are made at the local level, either by principals or school districts.
Consequently, policies are all over the map:
• In International Falls, Minn., the self-described "Icebox of the Nation," where the average high temperature in January is 13 degrees, Falls Elementary School Principal Jerry Hilfer says, "if it"s 15 below (or warmer), they go out, no matter what." "At 20 below, it gets iffy," he adds.
• In Wicomico County, Md., principals typically keep children indoors when temperatures drop below freezing, or if it"s raining or snowing, says Susan Jones, the school system"s director of elementary education.
"That"s the bottom line," says Curtis Twilley, principal of Pemberton Elementary School in Salisbury, Md. Twilley says students get little exercise when recess stays indoors. At Pemberton Elementary, the students will typically play board games or computer games in a classroom because the school"s gym is occupied with other classes, he says.
• For schools in Marquette, Mich., which averages about 12 feet of snow per season, school officials acknowledge students are probably a little more prepared than those in some more mild climates.
小题1:Which of the following is not true according to the passage_________.
A.No national temperature standard is made for when to keep kids inside during the winter months. |
B.Susan Jones insists students get little exercise when recess stays indoors. |
C.In Wicomico County, children are kept indoors when temperatures dip below freezing. |
D.Mich has about 12 feet of snow per season on average. |
Wicomico County B. Marquette C.Salisbury D. Minn
小题3: Considering_______, canceling recess In USA because of the cold is a big issue.
A.different schools have different principles. |
B.much of the USA has very cold winter. |
C.physical activity can boost student performance. |
D.decisions are made at the local level, |
A.uncertain | B.surprising | C. serious | D.worse |
A.More school policies |
B.The reasons why school policies vary. |
C.Measures to improve the situation. |
D.Necessities to improve the situation |
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