题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
For the study, researchers at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York selected 34 adults,men and women. All of the volunteers had played soccer since childhood and now competed year-round in adult soccer leagues. Each filled out a detailed questionnaire developed especially for this study to determine how many times they had headed a soccer ball in the previous year, as well as whether they had experienced any known concussions(脑震荡)in the past.
Then the players completed computerized tests of their memory and other learning skills and had their brains scanned, using a complicated new MRI technique which can find structural changes in the brain that can’t be seen during most scans.
According to the data they presented at a Radiological Society of North America meeting last month,the researchers found that the players who had headed the ball more than about 1,100 times in the previous 12 months showed significant loss of white matter in parts of their brains involved with memory,attention and the processing of visual information, compared with players who had headed the ball fewer times.
This pattern of white matter loss is “similar to those seen in traumatic(外伤的)brain injury” , like that after a serious concussion, the researchers reported,even though only one of these players was reported to have ever experienced a conc ussion.
The players who had headed the ball about 1,100 times or more in the past year were also generally worse at recalling lists of words read to them, forgetting or fumbling the words far more often than players who had headed the ball less.
小题1:The passage is most probably a _________________.
A.news report | B.research report |
C.story for soccer players | D.text for doctors |
A.significant effect on one’s brain |
B.little effect on one’s brain |
C.nothing to do with the brain injury |
D.one’s memory improved |
A.Playing soccer frequently. | B.Tests of their memory. |
C.White matter loss. | D.Information processing. |
A.remembering | B.misunderstanding | C.recalling | D.missing |
答案
小题1:B
小题2:A
小题3:C
小题4:D
解析
试题分析:
小题1:细节题,由第二段的第一句话For the study, researchers at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York selected 34 adults可以知道是研究报告,所以选B
小题2:细节题,由最后一段最后一句forgetting or fumbling the words far more often than players who had headed the ball less.可以知道重大影响人的大脑,所以选A
小题3:细节题,由倒数第三段的倒数第二行showed significant loss of white matter in parts of their brains involved with memory可以知道是白质的损失,所以选C
小题4:推理题,由前面的单词forgetting可以推出那个词是丢失的意思,所以选D
点评:经过研究发现,踢足球可以对大脑造成影响,先通读全文,然后带着问题,再读全文,找出答题所需要的依据,完成阅读。本文主要考查细节题,要求学生有很强的细节分析能力。
核心考点
试题【What happens inside the skull of a soccer player who repeatedly heads a soccer b】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
“Oh please God, no, no!” Stephen Eldredge cried out when he saw his wife, Shelli, badly wounded on the side of the road. She had broken actually every long bone in her body, along with her pelvis, jaw, and cheekbones. He was terrified his bride would bleed to death.
Stephen and Shelli had married just six months before near their home in South Jordan, Utah. They were in Hawaii on a family vacation with two of their sons. The family had rented electric motors and headed towards a nature preserve near Waikiki. But Shelli had fallen behind and the family turned back to make sure she was okay.
Shelli lost so much blood that her heart couldn’t function properly and she went into shock at the hospital. Physicians were able to make her come to herself. On the first and second days there, she lived through half a dozen operations. On day three, the worst of Stephen’s fears came true. Shelli didn’t wake. She had shown heart failure and lung failure. “I thought every heartbeat would be her last,” Stephen says.
As days passed with no change, one doctor gently asked if it was time to let Shelli go. An MRI(核磁共振)showed her brain didn’t have much chance of supporting life. Stephen couldn’t bear the thought of trapping his wife’s beautiful spirit in a body that would never work. If he kept her alive, what kind of life would she have ? He called family, religious leaders, and physician friends in Utah for guidance.
And he decided there still was a chance.
The family moved Shelli to a Utah hospital closer to home. In the next few weeks she started opening her eyes, but it wasn’t entirely clear how conscious she was. Nearly seven weeks after the accident, Stephen was joking with his sister in the hospital room when he saw Shelli smile, a big toothy grin. “Did you understand that?” he asked. She smiled again. Stephen fell to his knees in thanks.
Shelli’s recovery has been slow but steady. Initially, she couldn’t remember much of the previous months, including her own wedding. Shelli has endured 17 operations so far and may require more surgery. She will definitely need more months of recovery. But she is able to walk. “She’s got her life back. She’s able to love and be loved, and be the person she was.” Elovie says.
When Shelli hears about each step in her recovery, she calls it “miracle after miracle”. As for his experience, Stephen says, “This is a story of fear that was slowly replaced by faith.”
小题1: We learn from the first two paragraphs that .
A.Stephen and Shelli left home to hold the wedding ceremony. |
B.Shelli was mainly wounded in the back |
C.the couple were in Hawaii when the accident happened |
D.the accident happened on their way to Waikiki |
A.she liked people telling jokes. |
B.she had remembered all that had happened |
C.she was excited that she got her life back |
D.she understood the joke being talked about |
A.she suffered what a terrible accident |
B.she appreciated the care of her husband so much |
C.the love for her family got her life back |
D.it really surprised her that she survived so many operations |
A.Stephen’s not giving up | B.the doctor’s skill and hard work |
C.Shelli’s bravery and persistence | D.the couple’s faith |
Children brought up on healthy diets are more intelligent compared with their junk food eating partners, a new research suggests.
Kids fed a diet packed high in fats, sugars, and processed(加工) foods had lower IQs than those fed pasta(意大利面食), salads and fruit, it was found.
The effect is so great that researchers from the University of Bristol said those children with a “healthier” diet may get an IQ improvement.
Scientists stressed good diet was essential in a child’s early as the brain grows at its fastest rate during the first three years of life.
This indicated head growth at this time is linked to intellectual ability and “it is possible that good nutrition(营养)during this period may encourage excellent brain growth”
Scientists tracked the long term health and happiness of around 14,000 children born in 1991 and 1992 as part of the West Country’s Avon Longitudinal(纵向的)Study of Parents and Children(ALSPAC).
Parents were questioned about the types and frequency of the food and drink their children consumed when they were three, four, seven and eight and a half years old. According to their different changing form, these children were marked and given grades which ranged from minus two for the most healthy to 10 for the most unhealthy.
In the research, IQ was measured of 4,000 children when they were eight and half years old, using a validated(经过认证的)test-the Wechsler Intelligence Scale(韦氏儿童智力量表)for Children.
The results found after taking account of some influential factors, a leading processed food diet at the age of three was associated with a lower IQ at the age of eight and a half, whether the diet was improved after that age.
Every 1 point increase in dietary pattern score was associated with a 1.67 fall in IQ.
小题1: Scientists stressed good diet was essential in a child’s early life because .
A.the brain grows at its fastest rate during the first three years of life. |
B.those children with a “healthier” diet must get an IQ improvement. |
C.children brought up on healthy diets are less intelligent. |
D.these children were given good grades. |
A.Those children with a “healthier” diet may get an IQ improvement. |
B.Good nutrition at any stage may encourage excellent brain growth. |
C.Scientists tracked the long term health and happiness of about 14,000 children. |
D.Every 1 point increase in dietary pattern score was associated with a 1.67 fall in IQ. |
A.have a higher IQ |
B.have a higher IQ as long as he improved his diet |
C.have one IQ when he was 8 |
D.have a lower IQ whether he improved his diet |
A.3 | B.4 | C.7 | D.8 |
A.Food for thought |
B.What is healthy food? |
C.Healthy diet improves children’s intelligence |
D.How to become clever? |
阅读下面短文并回答问题,然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上(请注意问题后的词数要求)。
[1]Our vocation holiday is coming. What’s your plan? Staying at home or going for an outing. My plan is going out of town with my family, for we need recreation! Recreation is the spending of time in pleasurable activities. Engaging ourselves in activities that invite happiness and peace of mind is nothing but recreation. In the fast life of today, recreation is an opportunity to take a break, the much – needed break form work.
2Recreation can be rest, entertainment or adventure. There are two types of recreation. Active recreation is about engaging in adventure sports or outdoor games while passive recreation involves activities such as taking a walk on the riverside, walking on the beach, wandering in parks or taking nature walks. Both kinds of recreation have their own advantages.
With the increasing pace of life, recreation is getting more and more important. Participate in some regular physical activity, play a sport or exercise. These recreational activities have great mental effects on people. Students have made the fact evident that participation in adventure activities has a positive affect on life. Adventure motivates you, strengthens your confidence and develops self-awareness, such as hiking, cycling, fishing and outdoor games. These activities make you feel fresh and relaxed. Sports make you feel challenged, encourage you to take risks, exhibit your skills, thus building self-confidence.
Activities of recreation result in the improvement for your interpersonal skills. Recreation gives you an opportunity to meet new people and develop new friendships, It is largely believed that participating in recreational activities helps strengthen family relationships.
Recreational activities are popular across the globe. Some enjoy touring to beautiful places around the world while others take interest in pursuing their hobbies as a means of recreation. Be it of any sort, recreation needs to be made an important part of the fast life the present times!
小题1: How many kinds of recreation are there in the text? What are they?(no more than 6 words)
小题2: What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3? (no more than 10 words)
小题3: Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words.
小题4: What effects do activities of recreation have?(no more than 9 words)
小题5: Why do you become confident in yourself while having sports?(no more than 20 words)
It was Sunday. I had the last __37__ to see and I get into her room. She was an old woman, sitting on the bed, trying to ____38__ her socks. Usually I said something like this: “How are you feeling? The nurse says your _39__ is visiting you today. I believe you are __40__ him.
She ___41___ with a serious voice, “ Sit down, doctor. This is my story, not yours.” I was surprised and ___42___. I sat down and helped her with the ___43__. She began to tell me that her only son lived not far away from her, ___44___ she had not seen him for five years. She believed her ___45__ problems were worse because of ___46__ her son. After hearing her story and helping her put on her socks, I asked if there was ____47___ I could do for her. She __48__ her head and smiled. All she wanted me to do was to __49__.
Each story is ___50__. Some are clear; others are not. Some are true; others are not, yet all those things do not __51_. What matters to the storyteller is that the story is heard.
Listening to someone’s story costs ___52___ but it is the key to healing(康复). I often ____53__ what the woman taught me, and I ____54__ myself of the importance of stopping, sitting down and truly listening. I __55___ the power of listening.
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South Africa"s Siphiwe Tshabalala and his team mates performed this different dance when they celebrated his goal against Mexico in the opening World Cup game on Friday. The dance is already popular on YouTube and many soccer fans may want to learn the moves.
Even South Africa"s President Jacob Zuma has learnt the Diski dance which could surpass Cameroon Roger Milla"s corner flag dance celebration in the 1990 FIFA World Cup. U.S. actor John Travolta performed the dance shortly after landing his Boeing 707 at Lanseria airport, north of Johannesburg, on Wednesday morning.
Goal celebrations are now part of the biggest sporting event and players plan them in advance just in case they find the back of the net. In football, a goal celebration is the practice of celebrating the scoring of a goal. The celebration may be performed by the goal- scorer, his or her teammates, the manager or coaches and the supporters of the team.
The Robot goal celebration was so popular that England fans were surprised when Crouch , an English international footballer, said that he “wouldn’t be doing it any more unless England won the World Cup.”
The word Diski is a word used by the local people for soccer and may also describe the local style of football which focuses on dribbling(带球)and other tricks.
小题1:Besides “Diski Dance”, how many types of goal celebrations are mentioned in this passage?
A.2. | B.3. | C.4. | D.5. |
A.score a goal | B.win the match |
C.take a rest | D.take part in a match |
A.It has become the most popular sports word in the world now. |
B.It was used to show how people were good at dribbling. |
C.It was used to describe a football which was imagined by footballers. |
D.It was mainly used in South Africa before the South Africa World Cup. |
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