As hand-held devices such as smartphones are becoming more common, users are reporting some new physical problems. Florida chiropractor Dean Fishman began noticing an increased number of patients talking about neck and shoulder pain. He discovered these symptoms were due to the overuse of hand-held devices, particularly the action of bending the neck, and then coined the term “Text Neck.” As if the painful symptoms weren’t bad enough, Fishman warns that an untreated case of Text Neck could lead to permanent spinal(脊椎) damage.
Other doctors have warned about “iPad Hand,” a condition that occurs when people use tablets like the iPad for hours at a time. Most people use their left hand to support the tablet and their right hand to tap or scroll. Doing this for long periods without changing positions can result in severe joint pain.
In order to avoid or reduce the possibility of getting Text Neck or iPad Hand, use the following basic ergonomic(人体工学的) principles:
Avoid awkward positioning. Don’t strain your neck, and stay aware of how you are positioned in relation to the device. Make sure that both your neck and shoulders are relaxed and that you aren’t leaning over for a long period of time.
Take frequent breaks when using any kind of mobile device. Many doctors recommend that users change their position every 15 minutes.
When using a tablet, use a case that can support the device on a table or your lap at a comfortable viewing angle.
Along with a case, use a separate keyboard with your tablet. This will be more comfortable since you’ll be resting both hands on the keyboard. And since you won’t be holding the tablet, you’ll be less likely to experience hand or arm pain.
小题1:What kind of product for hand-held devices does the writer discuss?| A．One for recording. | B．One for charging. | | C．One for telephoning. | D．One for typing. |
小题2:Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “coined” (Para1)?| A．cashed | B．created | C．changed | D．completed |
小题3:Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?| A．If you are holding an iPad for long periods, it could cause spinal damage. | | B．Text Neck symptoms include long-term damage in the back. | | C．You are advised to lean over in relation to the device. | | D．You should rest your hands on the keyboard at times. |
小题4:In which magazine would you most likely find this article?| A．Personal Finance | B．Science Fiction Monthly | | C．Mind and Body | D．Smartphone World |
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小题1:D
小题2:B
小题3:B
小题4:C |
试题分析：这篇文章主要讲的是长期用手机发短信对人的颈部和后背造成的伤害，解释造成损坏的原因和后果，已经如何解决这样的问题。
小题1:推理题：从第二段的句子：Most people use their left hand to support the tablet and their right hand to tap or scroll.说明人们一个手拿着手机，一个手打字，可知文章中讨论的电话产品是用来打字的，选D
小题2:猜词题：A. cashed支付现款，兑现B. created创造，C. changed改变，D. completed完成，从第一段的句子：可知是人们创造出“Text Neck.”这个名词，形容长期用手机造成的颈部问题的症状，选B
小题3:细节题：从第一段的句子：Fishman warns that an untreated case of Text Neck could lead to permanent spinal(脊椎) damage.可知Text Neck症状包括长期的背部损坏，选B
小题4:文章出处题：四个选项分别是：A. Personal Finance个人财经， B. Science Fiction Monthly每月科幻小说，C. Mind and Body身心健康，D. Smartphone World手机世界，这篇文章主要讲的是手机发短信对人的颈部和后背造成的伤害，所以是出自Mind and Body，选C。 |
核心考点
试题【As hand-held devices such as smartphones are becoming more common, users are rep】；主要考察你对
题材分类等知识点的理解。
[详细]举一反三
The Green Microgym in Portland，Oregon has all the usual stuff you"d expect-sweaty people，loud music，smooth exercise equipment-but it has some extras as well. Everywhere you look，there are power wires. And these aren"t the typical kind that let you surf the Web while you ride a spin cycle-although. you can do that too．The gym uses special exercise equipment that captures（捕获）the energy you create while riding, converts（转换）it into electricity and channels it into the power outlets（插座）．
The idea of using exercise equipment to produce electricity is not new. A gym in Hong Kong has been doing this since 2007. But clean (and healthy）energy is just now starting to catch on in U. S. gyms·"We have seen a significant increase in interest in the past six months，which is a good sign that fitness centers are ready to spend money on green technologies，” says Mike Curnyn，co-founder of the Green Revolution，a Connecticut-based firm that wires bikes into a central battery that can store energy.
The Green Microgym，first opened in 2008，has more than 200 members and is doing so well that owner Adam Boesel opened another one five miles from the original．Although membership costs about the same as ordinary gyms，customers can earn gift certificates from local businesses for watts produced while exercising．An average workout creates 37. 5 watt hours，which is enough to power a phone for a week．
Boesel uses spin bikes made by Resource Fitness，a Seattle company he co-owns，that captures energy produced from the flywheel. Wires send the converted AC current（交流电流）into any standard wall outlet-for this reason，the product line"s name is Plug Out-and the energy created is used before the building draws power from the grid（电网）．Unlike the Green Revolution equipment，Plug Out machines cannot store extra energy. A third company，the Florida-based ReRev，is adding converters to a specific brand of spin bikes. But since the converters add＄1，000 to the price of the equipment，the ReRev and Green Revolution machines are at a disadvantage．
Resource Fitness，by contrast，sells its equipment for the same＄1，200 price as non- electricity-producing machines，removing the question of how long it will be until the energy savings pay for the cost of the unit．The company can afford to do this because its designs don’t call for the extra wiring needed for battery packs and large converters．It is also trying to price competitively with standard equipment so more gyms-and gym goers-will make the switch．
小题1:Members of the Green Microgym earn gift certificates for_______．| A．using the man-powered exercise equipment | | B．saving electricity for local businesses | | C．producing green electricity to power their phones | | D．paying higher membership fees |
小题2:The spin bikes made by Resource Fitness are different from those by Green Revolution in that_______.| A．they are easier to ride | | B．they are more expensive | | C．they don"t have wires connected | | D．they can not store extra electricity |
小题3:What might prevent the green exercise equipment from getting more popular？| A．People"s unwillingness to go green． | | B．The high cost of making it. | | C．Safety problems concerning electricity. | | D．Lack of certificates． |
小题4:The underlined words“make the switch”in the last paragraph most probably mean_____.| A．change to a different gym | | B．use green exercise equipment | | C．switch on the spin bikes | | D．add a battery to the machine |
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Digestion 5 a complex series of signals between the gut (肠道)and the nervous system and it takes about 20 minutes for the brain to tell that the body has eaten enough. This means that if someone eats too 6 , the signals will come slowly, leading to 7 .
Scientists say that distractions make it 8 for us to remember what we have eaten. This absent-mindedness stops us from feeling 9 – and sends us reaching for some snacks later on. It is thought that our memory of what we have eaten plays a key role in 10 appetite. This means that distractions stop us from remembering the detail of what we have eaten – leaving us feeling 11 .
Advocates of mindful eating 12 chewing food slowly and taking note of its color, smell and flavor. Before 13 dieters should ask themselves if they are really hungry---and if not, distract themselves by going for a walk or reading. Done 14 , mindful eating may not only leave you 15 , but also make you enjoy mealtimes.
| 小题1: | | A．feeling | B．protecting | C．freeing | D．saving |
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| 小题2: | | A．shape | B．health | C．touch | D．business |
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| 小题3: | | A．appetite | B．speed | C．emotion | D．mind |
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| 小题4: | | A．orders | B．sounds | C．desires | D．messages |
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| 小题5: | | A．discovers | B．involves | C．sends | D．holds |
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| 小题6: | | A．quickly | B．slowly | C．gradually | D．suddenly |
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| 小题7: | | A．imbalance | B．damage | C．overeating | D．failure |
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| 小题8: | | A．clearer | B．easier | C．sharper | D．harder |
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| 小题9: | | A．full | B．great | C．comfortable | D．delicious |
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| 小题10: | | A．building | B．losing | C．controlling | D．improving |
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| 小题11: | | A．upset | B．eager | C．hungry | D．desperate |
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| 小题12: | | A．mind | B．advise | C．avoid | D．consider |
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| 小题13: | | A．snacking | B．running | C．writing | D．cooking |
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| 小题14: | | A．quietly | B．strongly | C．properly | D．poorly |
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| 小题15: | | A．slim | B．fat | C．strong | D．calm |
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Shaped like a pair of almonds sitting in the middle of your brain, the amygdala helps control fear and anxiety. A rare condition called Urbach-Wiethe disease left SM without her amygdala, and seems to have completely erased her sense of fear.
To try to understand how the amygdala works, a team of researchers made their efforts to scare SM. They showed her horror movies and took her to the Waverly Hills Sanatorium Haunted House in Kentucky. She pushed out one of the monsters(巨物) and laughed. SM said she didn’t like snakes, but at a pet store full of poisonous creatures, she kept asking to touch them. When asked to rate her feelings, SM reported feeling surprised or disgusted, but never fearful.
“She tends to approach everything she should be avoiding,” says Justin Feinstein of the University of Iowa. This means the amygdala could control deeper urges to approach or avoid danger. Other scientists have a different opinion, though. “I don’t believe you can make a general statement about what the amygdala does by a single case study,” Elizabeth Phelps said. In 2002, Phelps published a study on a similar patient with amygdala damage who still showed fear.
It may sound like fun to be totally fearless, but we get scared for a good reason. “The nature of fear is survival and the amygdala helps us stay alive by avoiding situations, people, or objects that put our life in danger,” Feinstein said. SM was once followed in a park after dark by a man with a knife, and she simply walked away. “It is quite remarkable that she is still alive,” said Feinstein.
小题1:SM dares to walk alone in the dark mainly because ____________.| A．she is a superhero | | B．she has experienced such conditions a lot | | C．she is a mental patient | | D．she has no sense of fear |
小题2:Researchers tried their best to frighten SM in order to find ___________.| A．The function of a particular organ | | B．SM’s reaction of fear and anxiety | | C．The process of removing amygdale | | D．A special way to get along with monsters |
小题3:What do we know from the research on SM?| A．It was easy for her to avoid danger. | | B．SM never felt fearful but disgusted. | | C．SM was frightened by nothing except monsters. | | D．SM got along well with the snakes. |
小题4:What is Elizabeth Phelps’ attitude toward the function of the amygdala based on the research on SM?| A．Indifferent | B．Supportive | C．Disapproving | D．Interested |
小题5:What can we infer from the last paragraph?| A．People can remove their amygdala to be fearless. | | B．SM will be admired because of her bravery. | | C．No one can survive if their amygdala is removed. | | D．The sense of fear is crucial to humans. |
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As we get older, the fear of not having a good memory grows for many people. A lot of people 48 that the loss of memory can be the sign of Alzheimer’s(老年痴呆症).
It is true that as we grow older we are more 49 to develop Alzheimer’s. But with a proper lifestyle that includes a balanced diet and exercise, one can stay mentally 50 into their old age.
There are many causes of memory loss that have nothing to do with Alzheimer’s. As researchers come 51 to understanding Alzheimer’s, the outlook(前景) is 52 for people with this illness. New treatments are becoming available. With improved diagnosis(诊断), medications and treatment, one day we may be able to 53 or even reverse (反转) memory loss as we age.
Memory loss is 54 a topic of concern for people. Having Alzheimer’s can lead to increased dependency on others. Not being able to manage basic daily 55 on your own or even not being able to recognize family members would be a serious hit to anyone. This is why many elderly people often have questions and concerns.
| 小题1: | | A．worry | B．guess | C．insist | D．suggest |
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| 小题2: | | A．eager | B．nervous | C．likely | D．ready |
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| 小题3: | | A．healthy | B．honest | C．brave | D．kind |
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| 小题4: | | A．faster | B．slower | C．farther | D．closer |
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| 小题5: | | A．reducing | B．ending | C．improving | D．waiting |
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| 小题6: | | A．make | B．take | C．prevent | D．protect |
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| 小题7: | | A．also | B．still | C．ever | D．even |
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| 小题8: | | A．activities | B．news | C．meals | D．drinks |
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Many people work best later in the morning. This is because the body’s temperature takes time to rise through the day. Taking a warm shower when you wake up can help your body’s temperature rise quickly.
But everyone’s body clock is different and some are special. Morning people will get up early and
work better early in the day. Evening people will work later but work better towards the end of the day. Research shows that we’re better at some activities at certain times of the day. Physical performance is at its best between 3 pm and 6 pm, so it’s better to exercise later in the day.
Between noon and 4 pm, people begin to pay less attention. This is because we think less quickly
after a big meal. Research also shows we become sleepy around 2 pm. This is why people in Spain take a short sleep in early afternoon. Finally, it is best to eat when we’re active. This allows our body
to burn calories better and stops our blood sugar levels from getting too high.
小题1:__________ can tell us what time of day we can perform best at.| A．Morning people | B．A warm shower | | C．Our body temperature. | D．Our body clock |
小题2:A morning people will ________.| A．get later but work better | | B．work better early in the day. | | C．only work in the morning | | D．go to bed late every night. |
小题3:What is the best time for physical performance? | A．Between 3 pm and 6 pm | B．Between 7 pm and 10 pm. | | C．Between noon and 4 pm | D．Between 5 pm and 8 pm. |
小题4:Why is it best to eat when we’re active? | A．Because eating makes the brain unable to think quickly. | | B．Because it makes our blood sugar levels higher. | | C．Because our body can burn more calories. | | D．Because we are allowed to eat then. |
小题5:What is the best title for this article? | A．How can we work better | | B．The best time to exercise | | C．How can we keep healthy | | D．The perfect time to do something |
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