题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
From Argentina to Zambia, Regina Guthold of the World Health Organization in Geneva and her colleagues found most children were not getting enough exercise and that it made no difference whether they live in a rich or a poor country. “With regards to physical levels, we didn’t find much of a difference between rich and poor countries,” Guthold said, “Growing up in a poor country doesn’t necessarily mean kids get more physical activities.”
The researchers defined adequate physical activity as at least an hour of exercise outdoors for at least 5 days a week. Children spending 3 or more hours a day watching TV, playing computer games or chatting with friends were classified as sedentary.
The researchers found only a quarter of the boys and 15 percent of the girls were getting enough exercise by these definitions. A quarter of boys and nearly 30% of girls were sedentary and didn’t get enough exercise with girls less active than boys in every country aside from Zambia.
Girls from India were the most active with 37 percent meeting exercise recommendation, while girls from Egypt were the least active with 4 percent getting enough exercise. Children in Myanmar were the least sedentary while the most sedentary nations were St .Lucia and the Cayman Islands.
People show deep concern for kids’ lack of physical activity in various nations. Why do they have a low level of physical activity? Guthold speculated(认为)that urbanization could be a factor as well as easy access to cars and TVs.
小题1:If you are sedentary, you ____________.
A.are a diligent student spending much time doing homework |
B.have at least an hour of exercise outdoors 5 days a week. |
C.like watching TV and playing computer games |
D.spend longer hours sitting or lying without moving |
A.Most children around the world don’t meet the exercise recommendation. |
B.Girls in every country are no more active than boys. |
C.Children in rich countries relatively get less physical activity. |
D.Only 4% of the girls from Egypt are not active in exercise. |
A.Children in poor countries get more physical activities. |
B.Girls in Egypt are more active than those in India. |
C.Couch potatoes are those children addicted to snacks. |
D.Children in Myanmar are less sedentary than those in St .Lucia. |
A.The suitable amount of physical activities for students. |
B.Some of the factors for the popularity of cars and TVs among the kids. |
C.The reasons behind the lack of physical activities. |
D.The ways to make the most of cars and TVs. |
答案
小题1:D
小题2:A
小题3:D
小题4:C
解析
试题分析:文章关注的是儿童的健康问题。每天花3小时以上的时间看电视、玩游戏或聊天,而不运动的生活方式被称为“sedentary”,是“不爱运动”的意思。全世界范围来看,大多数孩子都缺乏身体锻炼,人们对于这个问题表示了很深的关切。
小题1:根据第三段“Children spending 3 or more hours a day watching TV, playing computer games or chatting with friends were classified as sedentary.”可知,每天花超过3小时的时间看电视、玩游戏或聊天等属于不爱活动的生活方式,并非“喜欢看电视、打游戏”就是不爱活动,故选D。
小题2:根据第二段“her colleagues found most children were not getting enough exercise and that it made no difference whether they live in a rich or a poor country.”可知,从全世界范围来看,大多数孩子都没有达到足够的身体锻炼水平,故选A。
小题3:根据倒数第二段“Children in Myanmar were the least sedentary while the most sedentary nations were St .Lucia and the Cayman Islands.”可知,缅甸的儿童最爱活动,而圣卢西亚和开曼群岛群岛的孩子最不爱活动,故选D。
小题4:根据最后一段“People show deep concern for kids’ lack of physical activity in various nations. Why do they have a low level of physical activity?”可知,接下来的一段可能会分析现在的儿童缺乏锻炼的原因。故选C。
核心考点
试题【American children are not the only couch potatoes with nearly one third of child】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
One of the main jogging has over many other sports is that it can be done anywhere . People jog around campuses , in parks and even in urban areas . Special fields and running tracks are not .
Similarly , no special is required—no costly hats , gloves , or balls . Good quality running shoes are , but otherwise the jogger can simply wear loose , comfortable clothing .
Having bended and as basic warm-up , you are ready to begin jogging now .
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There are common themes in different places. Unsurprisingly, people in rich countries are less active than those in poor ones, and old people are less active than young ones. Less obviously, women tend to exercise less than men—34% are inactive, compared with 28% of men. But there are exceptions. The women of Croatia, Finland, Iraq and Luxembourg, for example, move more than their male countrymen.
Malta wins the race for most slothful country, with 72% of adults getting too little exercise, and Swaziland and Saudi Arabia are in close behind, with 69%. In Bangladesh, just 5% of adults fail to exercise enough. Surprisingly, six Americans in ten are active enough according to Dr Hallal’s study, compared with fewer than four in ten British.
These high rates of inactivity are worrying. Human beings seem to have evolved(进化) to benefit from exercise while deliberately avoiding it whenever they can. In a state of nature it would be impossible to live a life that did not provide enough of it. But that is no longer the case. Actually lack of enough activity these days has nearly the same effect on life span(寿命) as smoking.
小题1:We may learn from Paragraph 1 that_________.
A.the decline of exercise rates is newly discovered |
B.the study suggests 31% of female adults get too little exercise |
C.the good enough data has been collected from only one country |
D.the industrial revolution has changed the way people live to some degree |
A.have little time to exercise |
B.hate to get regular exercise |
C.take more exercise to lose weight |
D.exercise more than men in their country |
A.powerful | B.rich | C.lazy | D.unpopular |
A.Worldwide Lack of Enough Exercise |
B.New Health Discovery |
C.Evolvement of Human Beings |
D.Benefits of Taking Exercise |
The most widely used system for classifying carcinogens comes from the IARC, which places them into five groups. Group 1 carcinogens definitely cause cancer in humans. Group 2A is probably carcinogenic to humans, Group 2B is possibly carcinogenic, the carcinogenicity of Group 3 in humans is unclassifiable, and Group 4 is probably not carcinogenic to humans. Only a little more than 100 are classified as Group 1 cancer-causing substances, including ultraviolet radiation and tobacco smoke.
“Our task was to evaluate the air everyone breathes rather than focus on specific air pollutants,” the lARC"s Dana Loomis said in a statement. “The results from the reviewed studies point in the same direction: the risk of developing lung cancer is significantly increased in people exposed to air pollution.”
In 2010, lung cancer resulting from air pollution killed 223,000 people worldwide, and there was also convincing evidence that it increases the risk of bladder (膀腕) cancer, according to the IARC.
Air pollution is already known to raise risks for a wide range of illnesses, including respiratory and heart diseases.
Air pollution is global, although the levels of it vary over space and time.
Loomis said people in Asia, eastern North America, some places in Central America and Mexico, as well as North Africa have relatively high exposure. Developing countries with large populations and booming manufacturing sectors, such as China, are particularly at risk.
Many cities in China, such as Beijing, frequently see smog. This week, Harbin, the capital city of Heilongjiang province, became the first Chinese city to officially suspend classes due to serious smog
Many developed countries face similar problems, although to a lesser degree than most developing nations. In Europe, levels of many pollutants have fallen. But between 91 and 96 percent of Europeans living in cities are exposed to levels of PM2.5—tiny particles with a diameter of less than 2.5 micrometers—that are higher than the WHO safety limits, says a report published by the European Environment Agency on Oct 15.
Although both the composition and levels of air pollution can vary dramatically from one location to the other, the 1ARC said its conclusions apply to all regions of the world.
“Given the scale of the exposure affecting people worldwide, this report should send a strong signal to the international community to take action without further delay,” said Christopher Wild, director of the IARC.
小题1:What might be the best title of the passage?
A.Signals of air pollution |
B.Safety limits of air pollution |
C.Air pollution, cancer risk |
D.Air pollution, smog risk |
A.To focus on cancer-causing substances. |
B.To evaluate the air quality. |
C.To study the developing risk of cancer. |
D.To send signals to the international community. |
A.The composition and levels of air pollution vary from place to place. |
B.More and more people in developing countries are exposed to air pollution. |
C.Developed countries face air pollution, the level of which is higher than the safety limits. |
D.A large number of people worldwide are exposed to air pollution. |
“We need to take more seriously the possibility that a positive emotional style is a major player in disease risk,” says psychologist Sheldon Cohen, the study’s lead researcher.
In a previous study, Cohen and his colleagues found that people who tended to be cheerful and lively were least likely to develop sniffles, coughs, and other cold symptoms(症状).
Those findings were interesting, but they didn’t prove that a person’s attitude affects whether he or she gets sick. Instead, it was still probable that a person’s underlying personality is what matters.
Evidence suggests, for instance, that certain people are naturally more likely to be outgoing and optimistic, with high self-respect and a sense of control over life. This would mean that who we are, not how we feel, finally decides our chances of catching colds.
To figure out which mattered more (personality or emotions), the CMU team interviewed 193 healthy adults. The researchers talked to each person over the phone every evening for 2 weeks. They told the researchers about the positive and negative feelings they had experienced that day.
The results showed that everyone in the study was equally likely to get infected. Their symptoms, however, differed depending on the types of emotions that they had reported over the previous 2 weeks.
Among those who reported good moods and had been infected with the flu virus, for example, 28 percent developed coughs and stuffy(堵塞)noses. On the other hand, those symptoms struck 41 percent of people who had been less positive. Scientists argue about whether negative emotions or positive emotions have a stronger effect on how healthy we are. For now, it can’t hurt to look on the bright side more often than not!
小题1:What is the text mainly about?
A.how to get rid of colds | B.Attitude determines life |
C.Smiles turn away colds | D.Different opinions about colds |
A.ignorant | B.well-informed | C.energetic | D.in low spirits |
A.health. | B.personality. | C.quality | D.mood |
A.positiveemotionsareasgoodasnegativeemotions |
B.itisnotnecessarilygoodforyouifyoualwayslookatproblemspositively |
C.itwillbegoodforyourhealthtoalwayskeepupanoptimisticstateofmind |
D.thesaying---everycoinhastwosides. |
If greenhouse gas emissions keep increasing at the current rate, global temperature is expected to rise between 2°C and 6°C by 2100. This doesn’t sound much, but a 5°C change is the difference between the current warm period and an ice age.
Global warming leads to other changes in the climate: melting ice, more evaporation(蒸发), changes in geographical patterns of rainfall, heavier downpours separated by longer dry spells, more frequent heat waves, more intense hurricanes, and sea level rise.
These changes could affect crop growth as drought, increased evaporation and shrinking glaciers(冰川)disrupt water supply. Some crops could suffer heat stress. While there may be benefits in some regions, overall climate change is likely to have a negative impact on global food supplies. The impacts of climate change on agriculture will vary widely around the world. A global temperature rise of 1–2 °C is expected to increase food production in some regions, particularly mid-latitude areas. But in tropical regions even a small amount of warming could reduce crop yields. A temperature rise of 3 °C or more could threaten global food resources, as all regions are likely to experience negative impacts overall.
Freshwater resources could also diminish, especially in tropical regions, as rain patterns change and evaporation speeds up. Some communities could lose essential melt water as glaciers disappear, while more intense rainfall and hurricanes could cause more flooding, leading to water pollution and bacterial diseases such as cholera(霍乱)becoming more widespread.
Climate change could lead to a variety of health impacts – both positive and negative. On the negative side, scientists anticipate more cases of malnutrition, heatstroke and waterborne diseases such as cholera. Although some populations will benefit from a reduced risk of cold-related illnesses such as hypothermia, overall a warming world is likely to have negative effects on human health.
Scientists also expect damage to homes and buildings from more intense hurricanes, heavier rainfall and rising sea levels. Climate change is likely to affect infrastructure by increasing the risk of both coastal and inland flooding around the world, owing to a combination of heavier rainfall, rising sea levels and increased storm damage. Homes and buildings could also be affected by the thawing of frozen ground and greater risk of forest fires.
The consequences of climate change will have an impact on people around the world.
小题1:With global temperature increased by 1–2 °C, _______.
A.crops yields could be increased in tropical regions |
B.food production could rise throughout the world |
C.chances are that food resources would be threatened overall |
D.mid-latitude areas are likely to experience positive impacts |
A.lower temperature than normal |
B.higher temperature than normal |
C.more cases of malnutrition |
D.cases of waterborne diseases |
A.food supplies and buildings |
B.freshwater resources and homes |
C.human health and food supplies |
D.human health and homes |
A.how global warming leads to changes in the climate |
B.how climate change affects people worldwide |
C.why climate change affects our crop growth |
D.why climate change contributes to all bad results |
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