题目
题型：同步题难度：来源：
How you see yourself can make a great difference in how you communicate. " Every individual exists in
a continually changing world of experience of which he( or she) is the center". Many communication
scholars and social scientists believe that people are products of how others treat them and of the messages others send them. But every day we experience the centrality of ourselves in communication. A student, for
instance, may describe a
conflict with a teacher as unfair treatment: "I know my teacher doesn"t like the fact that I don"t agree with
his opinions , and that is why he gave me such a poor grade in that class. " The teacher might say the
opposite. Each person may believe that he is correct and that the other person"s view is wrong.
The concept of self originates in communication. Through verbal and nonverbal symbols,a child leams
to accept roles in response to the expectations of others. You establish self-image, the sort of person you
believe you are, by how others think of you. Positive, negative,and neutral messages that you receive from
others all play a role in determining who you are. Communication itself is probably best understood as a
dialogue process. Our understanding of communication comes from our interactions with other people. In
a more obvious way,communication involves others in the sense that a competent communicator considers what the other person needs and expects when selecting messages to share. So, the communication begins with the self, as defined largely by others, and involves others , as defined largely by the self.
Communication occurs almost every minute of your life. If you are not communicating with yourself
( thinking, planning, reacting to the world around you), you are observing others and drawing inferences
from their behavior. Even if the other person did not intend a message for you, you gather observations
and draw specific conclusions. A person yawns and you believe that person is bored with your message.
A second person looks away from you and you conclude that person is not listening to you. A third person
smile ( perhaps because of a memory of a joke he heard recently) and you lieve that he is attracted to you. We are continually picking up meanings from others" behaviors and we are constantly providing behaviors
that have communicative value for them.
More often than not, you may have hurt someone accidentally and you may have tried to explain that
you did not mean that. You may have told the other person that you were sorry for your statement. You
may have made a joke out of your rude statement. Nonetheless, your comment remains both in the mind
of the other person and in your own mind. You cannot go back in time and erase your messages to others. Communication cannot be reversed(倒退) ,nor can it be repeated. When you tried to re-create the
atmosphere , the conversation , and the setting, nothing seemed right. Your second experience with a
similar setting and person made far different
results.
| Paragraph Outline | Supporting Details |
| Communication begins with the self | ●People are somewhat products of others" treatment and messages. ●We are always 1 in communication with others. |
| Communication 2 others | ●Experiences of others help children learn to accept roles. ●Messages from others help you 3 who you are. ●Needs and 4 of others should be considered, |
| Communication 5 everywhere | ●We are communicating with ourselves by thinking,planning and reacting to the outside world. ●We are always 6 other people by observing even if they do not intend any message for you. ●We are constantly collecting meanings from others" 7 . ●We are constantly 8 meanings by what we do. |
| Communication cannot | ●You may explain what you have done,but you cannot 9 what remains in the other person"s mind. ●You may redo the conversation,but you 10 achieve the same result. |
| 1．self-centred/subjective 2．involves 3．determine/define/know/understand 4．expectations/hopes/desires/wishes 5．occurs/happens/exists/arises 6．reading/understanding/knowing 7．behaviors/acts/action(s)/activities 8．conveying/expressing 9．erase/remove/delete/change 10．can"t/cannot | |
| 阅读理解 | |
| Fear and its companion pain are two of the most useful things that men and animals possess,if they are properly used. If fire did not hurt when it burnt, children would play it until their hands were bumt away. Similarly , if pain existed but fear did not,a child would bum itself again and again , because fear would not warn the child to keep away from the fire that had burnt him or her before. A really fearless soldier-and some do exist-is not a good soldier because he is soon killed;and a dead soldier is of no use to his army. Fear and pain are therefore two guards without which men and animals might soon die out. In our first sentence we suggested that fear ought to be properly used. If, for example ,you never go out of your house because of the danger of being knocked down and killed in the street by a car, you are letting fear rule you too much. Even in your house you are not absolutely safe:a plane may crash on your house, or ants may eat away some of the wood in your roof , and they later may fall on you , or you may get cancer! The important thing is not to let fear rule you , but instead to use fear as your servant and guide. Fear will warn you of dangers; then you have to decide what action to take. In many cases, you can take quick and successful action to avoid the danger. For example , you see a car coming straight towards you ; fear warns you , you jump out of the way , and all is OK. In some cases, however, you decide that there is nothing that you can do to avoid the danger. For example, you cannot prevent a plane from crashing into your house , and you may not want to go and live in a desert where there are no plants. In this case , fear has given you its waming;you have examined it and decided on your course of action,so fear of this particular danger is no longer of any use to you , and you have to try to overcome it. | |
| 1. Children would play with fire until their hands were burnt away if_______. | |
| A. they were given no warning beforehand B. they didn"t have any sense ofpain at all C. they had never burnt themselves D. they felt afraid of the fire | |
| 2. A really fearless soldier_________. | |
| A. is of a little use to his army B. is not afraid of battles at all C. is nothing but a dead soldier D. is easy to get killed in a battle | |
| 3. People sometimes succeed in timely avoiding dangers because________. | |
| A. they are warned of the danger and take quick action B. they are quick both in mind and in action C. they are calm in face of danger D. they have gained much experience | |
| 4. It is implied but not stated that________. | |
| A. fear is always something helpful B. too much fear is harmful C. fear should be used as a servant and guide D. fear is something strange and particular | |
| 阅读理解 | |
| The global energy crisis is approaching. What can we do? Here are some steps you can take. Cooling puts the greatest stress on your summer energy bill and the power grid (电网 ). Just as a tune-up for your car can improve your gas mileage, a yearly tune-up of your heating and cooling system can improve efficiency and comfort. Clean or replace filter monthly or as needed. For central air conditioning systems and room air conditioners , look for the ENERCY STAR, the federal government"s symbol for energy efficiency. For central air, purchase the system with the highest possible Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratia( SEER) . Use energy-efficient ceiling fans either alone or with air conditioning. Ceiling fans do a great job of circulating air. When used with air conditioning , fans allow you to raise the thermostat (恒温器) and cut costs. Ceiling fans cool people, not rooms. so before you leave; tum off the ceiling fan. Let a programmable thermostat " remember for you " to automatically adjust the indoor climate with your daily and weekend patterns to reduce cooling bills by up to 10 percent. You can come home to a comfortable house without wasting energy and creating pollution all day while you are at work. Try to make your home airtight enough to increase your comfort, make your home quieter and cleaner and reduce your cooling costs up to 20 percent. Cut your air conditioning load, and reduce pollution by planting leafy trees around your home and fixing reflective bricks on your roof. Close blinds or shades on south-and west-facing windows during the day , or fix shading equipment to avoid heat build-up. Turn off everything not in use: lights, TVs, computers. And use fluorescent bulbs(荧光灯),which provide bright,warm light while using at least two-thirds less energy, producing 70 percent less beat and lasting up t0 10 times longer than incandescent bulbs(白炽灯). Drive the car that gets better gas mileage whenever possible if you own more than one vehicle. If you drive 12,500 miles a year, switching 10 percent of your trips from a car that gets 20 miles per gallon to one that gets 30 mpg will save you more than $65 per year. Carpool. The average US commuter(乘车上班族) could save about $260 a year by sharing cars twice a week with two other people in a car that gets 20. 1 mpg-assuming the three passengers share the cost of gas. | |
| 1. According to the passage , the thermostat is used to_________. | |
| A. make rooms quieter B. control room temperature C. turn off the air conditioner D. reduce room air pollution | |
| 2. We can conclude from the passage that the author probably discourages__________. | |
| A. planting leafy trees around your home B. turning off the ceiling fan befo you leave your house C. keeping your south-facing windows open during the day D. using fluorescent bulbs instead of incandescent bulbs | |
| 3. According to the passage,you can save fuel by_______. | |
| A. using energy-efficient ceiling fans B. sharing cars with others on workdays C. turning off everything not in use D. reducing lO% of your car trips every year | |
| 4. This passage is mainly about_________. | |
| A. energy-saving tips B. fuel-saving tips C. do-it-yourself tips D. environment-protecting tips | |
| 阅读下面短文并回答问题(请注意问题后的词数要求). [1] Do you spend over an hour each day texting messages to your friends? Do you frequently ignore work, study, and other activities to check your phone for messages? Are you anxious and restless if you are separated from your mobile phone? Do you hardly ever use your phone to talk any more , and do your thumbs hurt from texting too much? [2] lf_________ , then it is very possible that you are a textaholic. A textaholic can be defined as someone who is addicted to sending and receiving messages. The main symptoms are a strong desire to text messages, which takes precedence (优先) over everything else. And bad moods, low spirits and a lack of self-confidence if messages fail to come in. The root of the problem, as with many addictions, is the desire to escape from emotional difficulties such as stress , anxiety and relationship problems. Expercs warn that text addiction is likely to become the most common form of addiction in the future , especially among the young. [3] So what can you do if you think you may be a textaholic? The key is to get your life back in balance. Make sure your resist the urge to answer every message you receive, and consider leaving your mobile phone behind occasionally when you go out. Most importantly,make a point of spending quality time with friends and family , and make time to re-learn the art of face-to-face conversation instead of conducting your relationships by means of text messages. Not only will you save time add money, but you may also rediscover the pleasure of true communication. 1. How does the author introduce the topic of the text? ( no more than 5 words) __________________________________________________________ 2. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words. ( no more than 8 words) ___________________________________________________________ 3. What emotional difficulties may be the causes of text addiction? ( no more than 5 words) ①_____________②______________③____________ 4. What do experts say about text addiction? ( no more than 14 words) ___________________________________________________________ 5. What is the main idea of Paragraph 3? ( no more than 8 words) ____________________________________________________________ | |
| 阅读理解 | |
| I love charity(慈善) shops and so do lots of other people in Britain because you find quite a few of them on every high street.The charity shop is a British institution, selling everything from clothes to electric goods , all at very good prices. You can get things you won"t find in the shops any more. The thing I like best about them is that your money is going to a good cause and not into the pockets of profit-driven companies, and you are not damaging the planet , but finding a new home for unwanted goods. The first charity shop was opened in 1947 by Oxfam. The famous charity"s appeal to aid postwar Greece had been so successful it had been flooded with donations (捐赠物). They decided to set up a shop to sell some of these donations to raise money for that appeal. Now there are over 7, 000 charity shops in the UK. My favourite charity shop in my hometown is the Red Cross shop, where I always find children"s books, all 10 or 20 pence each. Most of the people working in the charity shops are volunteers , although there is often a manager who gets paid. Over 90% of the goods in the charity shops are donated by the public. Every moming you see bags of unwanted items outside the front of shops, although they don"t encourage this, rather ask people to bring things in when the shop is open. The shops have very low running costs : all profits go to charity work . Charity shops raise more than ￡110 million a year ,funding (资助) medical research, overseas aid, supporting sick and poor children , homeless and disabled people , and much more. What better place to spend your money? You get something special for a very good price and a good moral sense. You provide funds to a good cause and tread lightly on the environment. | |
| 1. The author loves the charity shop mainly because of__________ . | |
| A. its convenient location B. its great variety of goods C. its spirit of good will D. its nice shopping environment | |
| 2. The first charity shop in the UK was set up to_________. | |
| A. sell cheap products B. deal with unwanted things C. raise money for patients D. help a foreign country | |
| 3. Which of the following is TRUE about charity shops? _________ | |
| A. The operating costs are very low. B. The staff are usually well paid. C. 90% of the donations are second-hand. D. They are open twenty-four hours a day. | |
| 4. Which of the following may be the best title for the passage? | |
| A. What to Buy a Charity Shops B. Charity Shop : Its Origin & Development C. Charity Shop : Where You Buy to Donate D. The Public"s Concern about Charity Shops | |
| 阅读理解 | |
| Celebrity (名人) has become one of the most important representatives of popular culture. Fans used to be crazy about a specific film, but now the public tends to base its consumption (消费) on the interest of celebrity attached to any given product.Besides, fashion magazines have almost abandoned the practice of putting models on the cover because they don"t sell nearly as well as famous faces. As a result , celebrities have realized their unbelievably powerful market potential, moving from advertising for others" products to developing their own. Celebrity clothing lines aren"t a completely new phenomenon,but in the past they were typically aimed at the ordinary consumers ,and limited to a few TV actresses. Today they"re started by first-class stars whose products enjoy equal fame with some world top brands.The most successful start-ups have been those by celebrities with specific personal style. As celebrities become more and more experienced at the market, they expand their production scale rapidly,covering almost all the products of daily life. However,for every success story , there"s a related warning tale of a celebrity who overvalued his consumer appeal. No matter how famous the product"s origin is ,if it fails to impress consumers with its own qualities it begins to resemble an exercise in self-promotional marketing. And once the initial (最初的 ) attention dies down, consumer interest might fade , loyalty (忠诚) returning to tried-and-true labels. Today, celebrities face ever more severe embarrassment. The pop-cultural circle might be bigger than ever, but its rate of turnover has speeded up as well. Each misstep threatens to reduce a celebrity"s shelf life, and the same newspaper or magazine that once brought him fame has no problem picking him to pieces when the opportunity appears. Still, the ego"s (自我的 ) potential for expansion is limitless. Having already achieved great wealth and public recognition,many celebrities see fashion as the next frontier to be conquered. As the saying goes ; success and failure always go hand in hand. Their success as designers might last only a short time, but fashion-like celebrity-has always been temporary. | |
| 1. Fashion magazines today_________. | |
| A. seldom put models on the cover B. no longer put models on the cover C. need not worry about celebrities" market potential D. judge the market potential of every celebrity correctly | |
| 2. A change in the consumer market can be found today that________. | |
| A. price rather than brand name is more concerned B. producers prefer models to celebrities for advertisements C. producers prefer TV actresses to film stars for advertisements D. quality rather than the outside of products is more concerned | |
| 3. The underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 indicates that any wrong step will possibly________ . | |
| A. decrease the popularity of a celebrity and the sales of his products B. damage the image of a celebrity in the eyes of the general public C. cut short the artistic career of a celebrity in show business D. influence the price of a celebrity"s products | |
| 4. The passage is mainly about___________. | |
| A. celebrity and personal style B. celebrity and market potential C. celebrity and fashion design D. celebrity and clothing industry |