题目
题型：山西省期中题难度：来源：
income. This definition includes everyone who is employed or seeking paid employment, so it includes
employers and the self-employed. Labor is one of the country"s resources which can be combined with
other resources to produce the goods and services wanted by the community.
Although the size of the workforce depends a great deal on the size of the total population, there are
several other influences which also affect it. The age distribution (分布) of the total population has a very
marked effect on the available workforce. If the population has a high proportion of very young people
or of those too old to work, then the available workforce would be lower than if there were a balanced
spread age distribution. If the population naturally grows rapidly, the number of births greatly exceeds
(超出) the number of deaths then as a total population increases proportion of the workforce declines.
Sometimes a population is described as aging which means that the birth rate is either falling or
growing very slowly, and as people retire from the workforce there are insufficient numbers of young
people entering it to replace those who are leaving it. In that situation the population is top-heavy with
older people. So the percentage of the population in the workforce declines when there is either a rapid
increase in births or a falling birth rate.
The age distribution of the population has several important effects on the economy. If the population
is aging and there is an increase in the number of people retiring without a corresponding increase in the
number entering the workforce, this raises the problem of the ability of the economy to provide a
reasonable level of social services to the retired group. If the aged are to be cared for in special homes,
finance must be available for that purpose. If the size of the workforce is small relative to the total
population, then the government tax revenue (税收) is relatively low and either the government has less
money available to it or the workforce members have to be taxed more heavily.
1. In the passage "labor force" is defined as ___________.
A. people who are available to work and earn income
B. self-employed people only
C. people who are looking for an employment
D. employers who create job opportunities
2. The conclusion which can be drawn from the second paragraph is that___________.
A. a natural growth of population leads to a balanced workforce
B. a large population does not necessarily mean a higher proportion of workforce
C. the larger the population, the higher the proportion of the workforce
D. the workforce will be lower, if the population has a balanced age distribution,
3. When a population is said to be aging,___________.
A. there are more people retiring than those entering the workforce
B. the birth rate must be growing
C. there should be an oversupply of workforce
D. There are more people entering the workforce than those retiring
4. The population which is top-heavy with older people ___________ of a country.
A. leads to the high rate of unemployment
B. results in low tax on the workforce members
C. affects employees" incomes
D. places pressure on the economy
答案
核心考点
试题【阅读理解。 Labor force is defined as being the total number of people who are ava】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
example of the process by which pins were made in England.
One man draws out the wire, another strengthens it, a third cuts it, a fourth points it, and a fifth gives
it a head. Just to make the head requires two or three different operations. The work of making pins is
divided into about eighteen different operations, which in some factories are all performed by different
people, though in others the same man will sometimes perform two or three of them.
Ten men, Smith said, in this way, turned out twelve pounds of pins a day or about 4,800 pins a
worker. But if all of them had worked separately and independently without division of labor, they
certainly could not have made twenty pins in a day and not even one.
There can be no doubt that division of labor is an efficient way of organizing work. Fewer people
can make more pins. Adam Smith saw this, but he also took it for granted that the division of labor is
itself responsible for economic growth and development and it accounts for the difference between
expanding economies and those that stand still. In fact, the division of labor adds nothing new, and it
only enables people to produce more of what they already have.
B. introduce the division of labor into England
C. understand the effects of the division of labor
D. explain the causes of the division of labor
B. increased the possible output of per worker
C. increased the number of people employed in factories
D. improved the quality of pins produced
B. stress how powerful the individual worker was
C. show the advantages of the division of labor
D. stress the importance of increasing production
B. was an important development in methods of production
C. finally led to economic development
D. increased the production of existing goods
othes. What seems strange, however, is that the standard adopted for women is the opposite of the one for men. Take a look at the way your clothes button. Men"s clothes tend to button
from the right, and women"s from the left. Considering most of the world"s population-men and
women-are right-handed, the men"s standard would appear to make more sense for women. So why do
women"s clothes butto
n from the left?History really seems to matter here. Buttons first appeared only on the clothes of the rich in the 17th
century, when rich women were dressed by servants. For the mostly right-handed servants, having women"s shirts button from the left would be easier. On the other hand, having men"s shirt button from the right
made sense, too. Most men dressed themselves, and a sword drawn from the left with the right hand
would be less likely to get caught in the shirt.
Today women are seldom dressed by servants, but buttoning from the left is still the standard for them. Is it interesting? Actually, a standard, once set, resists change. At a time when all women"s shirts buttoned from the left, it would have been risky for any single manufacturer to offer women"s shirts that buttoned
from the right. After all, women had grown so used to shirts which buttoned from the left and would have
to develop new habits and skills to switch. Besides, some women might have found it socially awkward
to appear in public wearing shirts that buttoned from the right, since any one who noticed that would
believe they were wearing men"s shirts.
1. What is surprising about the standard of the clothing industry?
A. It has been followed by the industry for over 400 years.
B. It is different for men"s clothing and women"s.
C. It works better with men than with women.
D. It fails to consider right-handed people.
2. Women"s clothes still button from the left today because _____.
A. adopting men"s style is improper for women
B. manufacturers should follow standards
C. modern women dress themselves
D. customs are hard to change
3. The passage is mainly developed by_______.
A. analyzing causes
B. making comparisons
C. examining differences
D. following the time order
However difficult you find it to arrange your time, it will pay off in the long run if you set aside a
certain part of the day for studying－and stick to it. __1__ But don"t forget to make sure that you
have enough left for recreational activities or simply to be "with" yourself: reading a novel or watching
a television programme.
As part of your weekly schedule, it is also advisable to consider exactly what you have to do in that
week, and make sure that you handle the most significant tasks first. __2__
On a physical level, make sure you have an area or space for studying. __3__ If you always study
in the same place, preferably a room of your own, you will find it easier to adjust mentally to the activity
when you enter that area. You should have everything that you might need at hand.
Make sure that all the physical equipment that you use, such as a desk, chair etc. is at good height
for you. If you use a personal computer, there are plenty of guidelines available from the movement on
angles, lighting and the like. __4__
If you are working on topic your teacher has set, but finding it hard to concentrate, it may be that you
actually need to take your mind right off it for a period of time. __5__ After a period away from the
test, having not thought about it at all, you may return to it refreshed and full of ideas.
A. It"s wise to leave the easier or less urgent areas of your work until later.
B. It"s all too easy to read something and then forget where it came from.
C. Consult these and avoid the typical student aches and pains.
D. "Airing the mind" can work wonders sometimes.
E. Make use of equipment that is available to you.
F. It is best to make a weekly schedule.
G. Don"t do it just anywhere.
Innocence is such a precious gift. It"s explained as freedom from guilt or wrong doing. Just imagine
never having to worry about anything and having a guilt-free mind. Some people wish to save this kind
of innocence from being lost from childhood to adulthood.
What would the world be like if innocence were never lost? One way it would benefit humanity is the
lack of hatred (仇恨) among the world. During youth, there may be an occasional argument, even a little
physical fight, but nothing like firing a handgun at a fellow human being. And children are blind towards
the racial differences of
others. A kid will hang out with any other kid. It is the lack of innocence and theignorance we learn from adults that influence children otherwise. Another benefit is the constant desire for
fun and adventure. With very little if any time at all for fun, the adventurous mind is lost in time with the
responsibilities placed upon adults. If innocence were kept alive, these ambitions would never depart from our lives.
However, other people actually hate the idea of innocence lasting for ever. They feel that the lack of
organization and mental power of those with innocence would cause extremely destructive consequences
to society in general. A large number of individuals would never have the urge to learn, work, and act
upon the necessary needs for humanity to survive. Without a proper education which is usually provided
by those who no longer live in a world of innocence, people would not have the desire to succeed, get a
good job in life, or provide income for their families, which
would hurt the lives of children.The lack of a good education and career would also harm the economy. As long as innocence is kept
alive, no one would be terribly angry at the lack of effort people put out in the workplace, resulting in a
strong decline(减少) in production and quality of needed goods.
Maybe it is wrong in wanting to save innocence. It sure is a nice thought, though. Perhaps innocence
was meant to be lost. It was god"s will to make things the way they are, and there is a good purpose for
everything. All that remains to be said about innocence is to enjoy it while it lasts.
1. The author believes that the loss of innocence in adulthood should be______.
A. avoided
B. criticized
C. accepted
D. encouraged
2. Lifelong innocence would be beneficial to society in that__________.
A. proper education would be provided
B. there would be no racial discrimination
C. there would be more happy families
D. people would realize their childhood dreams
3. According to the author, people with innocence can hurt the economy with their lack of____ .
A. motivational will
B. mental ability
C. adventurous ambitions
D. needed goods
4. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?
CP:Central Point P:Point Sp:(次要点)C:Conclusion
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项.选项中有两项为多余选项。
_1_Second, your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test. Third,
note-taking offers variety to your study time and helps you to hold your interest.
You will want to take notes during classroom discussions and while reading a textbook or doing
research for a report.__2__ Whenever or however you take notes, keep in mind that note-taking is a
selective process. __3__
The following methods may work best for you.
·Read the text quickly to find the main facts and ideas in it.
·Carefully read the text and watch for words that can show main points and supporting facts.
·Write your notes in your own words.
·__4__
·Note any questions or ideas you may have about what was said or written.
As you take notes, you may want to use your own shorthand(速记). When you do, be sure that you
understand your symbols and that you use them all the time. __5__
A. Use words, not complete sentences.
B. There are three practical note-taking methods.
C. You must write your notes on separate paper.
D. Otherwise, you may not be able to read your notes later.
E. You will also want to develop your own method for taking notes.
F. That means you must first decide what is important enough to include in your notes.
G. First, the simple act of writing something down makes it easier for you to understand and remember it.
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