题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
If your head is overheating, you are very likely to yawn(打哈欠) soon, according to a new study that has found the main purpose of yawning is to control brain temperature. The study explains several mysteries about yawning, such as why it’s most commonly done just before and after sleeping, why certain diseases lead to too much yawning, and why breathing though the nose often stops yawning.
“Brains are like computers,” Andrew Gallup, a researcher in the department of Biology at Binghamton University who led the study, said. “They operate best when cool.”
He and his co-workers Micheal Miller and Anne Clark did researches on yawning in parakeets(长尾小鹦鹉) , which have relatively large brains, live wild in Australia, often experience temperature changes, and, most importantly, do not yawn when others yawn, as humans and some other animals do.
For the study, the scientists put parakeets under three different conditions: increasing temperature, high temperature and normal temperature. While the frequency(频率) of yawns did not increase under the latter two conditions, it increased greatly when the researchers increased the temperature.
It’s now believed yawning operates like a radiator(散热器).
If air in the atmosphere is cooler than the brain and body temperatures, taking it in quickly cools blood, which in turn cools the brain. The new findings also explain why tired people often yawn. Both tiredness and sleep loss can increase brain temperature, while yawning can cool down the brain.
In the future, researchers may focus more on brain temperature and its role in diseases and their symptoms. But the new study on yawning changes the popular idea that yawns are just signs of getting tired of something.
49. What’s the best title for the passage?
A. Why don’t people yawn at normal temperature?
B. The yawn explained—it cools your brain.
C. Yawning operates like a radiator.
D. The cause of yawning—finally found out.
50. The main reason why researchers chose parakeets to do the research is that parakeets______.
A. have very large brains
B. live wild in Australia
C. are not affected by others’ yawning
D. experience frequent temperature changes
51. The writer may suggest doing all of the following to stop yawning EXCEPT______.
A. breathing through the nose
B. turning up the heat
C. enjoying some cool wind
D. putting a cold towel on your forehead
52. In which section of a newspaper would you most probably read this passage?
A. Discovery. B. Education. C. Health. D. Mystery.
答案
49---52 BCBA
解析
核心考点
试题【If your head is overheating, you are very likely to yawn(打哈欠) soon, according to】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
七.阅读理解 (20分)
When did you see a polar bear ? On a trip to a zoo, perhaps ? If you had attended a winter activity in New York a few years ago, you would have seen a whole polar bear club. These “Polar Bears” are people who meet frequently in the winter to swim in freezing cold water. That day, the air temperature was 3 degrees. And the water temperature was a little higher. The members of the Polar Bear Club at Coney Island, New York are usually about the age of 60. Members must satisfy two requirements. First, they must get along well with everyone else in the group; this is very important because there are so many different kinds of people in the club. Polar Bears must also agree to swim outdoors at least twice a month from November through February.
Doctors don’t agree about the medical effects of cold-water swimming. Some are worried about the dangers of a condition in which the body’s temperature drops so slow that finally the heart stops. Other doctors, however, point out that there is more danger of a heart attack during summer swimming because the difference between the air temperature and the water tempreature is much greater in summer than in winter.
The Polar Bears themselves are satisfied with the benefits of cold-water swimming. They say that their favorite form of exercise is very good for the circulatory system (循环系统) because it forces the blood to move fast to keep the body warm. Cold-water swimmers usually turn bright red after a few minutes in the water. A person who turns blue probably has a very poor circulatory system and could not try cold-water swimming.
The main benefits of cold-water swimming are probably mental. The Polar Bears love to swim all the year round; they find it fun and relaxing. As one 70-year-old woman says, “When I go into the water, I pour my troubles into the ocean and let them float away.”
1. Doctors _________ .
A. have different ideas about the medical effects of cold-water swimming
B. believe swimming is helpful both in summer and in winter
C. enourage people to take part in cold-water swimming
D. point out the possible danger of blood illness during cold-water swimming
2. According to the passage, some doctors believe it is true that _______ .
A. Polar bears are bears swimming in freezing water
B. cold-water swimming can make the body temperature dangerously high
C. you are healthy if cold-water swimming turns your skin color blue
D. cold-water swimming causes more heart attack in summer than in winter
3. The Polar Bears like to swim year-round, for _______ .
A. it is an easy way to keep the body warm in winter
B. they can stay young
C. they find it enjoyable and interesting
D. they might meet fewer troubles in life
4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the text ?
A.The Polar Bear is a club in which people swim to protect polar bears.
B. The club members are all over 60 years old.
C. There is no woman in the club.
D. None of the above.
5. This passage is mainly about _______ .
A. the requirements of the Polar Bear Club
B. a group of cold-water-swimming lovers
C. the Polar Bears’ life in New York
D. doctors’ ideas about cold-water swimming
Clothes play a critical part in the conclusions we reach about who people are, who they are not, and who they would like to be. They tell us a good deal about the wearer′s background, personality, status, mood, and social outlook.
Since clothes are such an important source of social information, we can use them to influence people′s impression of us. Our appearance takes on particular significance in the initial phases of interaction. An elderly middle-class man or woman may be alienated (疏远) by a young adult who is dressed in an unconventional manner, regardless of the person′s education, background, or interests.
People tend to agree on what certain types of clothes mean. Adolescent girls can easily agree on the lifestyles of girls who wear certain outfits (套装), including the number of boyfriends they likely have had and whether they smoke or drink. Newscasters and announcers on TV are considered to be more convincing, honest, and competent when they are dressed conservatively. College students who view themselves as taking an active role in their interpersonal relationships say the costumes they wear change the way they feel about themselves and how they act. Perhaps you have used clothing to gain confidence when you face a stressful situation, such as a job interview, or a court appearance.
In the workplace, men have long had well-defined role models for achieving success. It has been otherwise for women. A good many women in the business world are uncertain about the appropriate mixture of “masculine”(男性)and “feminine”(女性)characteristics they should convey to men.
Male administrators tend to judge women more favorably for managerial positions when the women display less “feminine” grooming (打扮)— shorter hair, moderate use of make-up, and plain tailored clothing. As one male administrator confessed, “An attractive woman is definitely going to get a longer interview, but she won′t get a job.”
57. According to paragraph two, an elderly middle-class man and unconventionally-dressed young man are unlikely to____.
A. understand each other"s lifestyle
B. share the same background or interests
C. influence their impressions of each other
D. interact in a positive way
58. The author uses the newscasters" example to show the idea that____.
A. certain clothing gives people more confidence
B. clothes have nothing to do with one"s abilities
C. we tend to label people by their clothes
D. competent people always dress conventionally
59. Men"s professional clothing can best be described as "_____".
A. conventional B. individualistic
C. out-of-date D. changeless
60. How should professional women dress according to the passage?
A. They must be dressed conservatively.
B. They don"t have a certain dressing style to follow.
C. They choose either masculine or feminine clothing.
D. They can"t wear unconventional outfits.
Beijing plans to build huge free or low-cost parking lots beyond the Fourth and Fifth Ring Roads to encourage more car owners to take buses or subways to the downtown area.
The plan is just one of the many measures the city plans to take to reduce its traffic jams.Low or no parking fees would be used as economic leverage(杠杆作用) to reduce growing parking demands from urban areas.
Car owners living in the suburbs will be encouraged to park their cars beyond the Fourth and Fifth Ring Roads and take buses or subways to the downtown area.Statistics show that nearly one quarter of the city’s traffic flow is concentrated in the 62-square-kilometer downtown area within the Second Ring Road, which makes up only 12 percent of the city’s total area.
The Beijing Traffic Management Bureau receives between 400 and 500 calls reporting traffic jams every day and more than 90 percent of the roads are filled to capacity during rush hours every morning and evening.Part of the problem is the lack of easy links between bus routes, subways and cars.
According to the communication commission, half of the city’s investment in transportation will go towards public transit(公共交通) construction in the next few years, making a jump from the current only 20 per cent.Moreover, Beijing plans to change its layout (布局) by building new city centers, such as at Yizhuang, Tongzhou, Shunyi and Changping, in a bid to reduce the traffic flow to the downtown.
The current layout of Beijing-expanded ring roads around the same center of the Forbidden City, is seen as the root cause of the endless traffic jams.The downtown area is crowded with three business centers and one financial center, as well as nearly 400 government organs and institutions.
Traffic experts say building more urban centers around Beijing may reduce the number of residents living in the suburbs and traveling long distances to work downtown every day, thus reducing traffic flow.
40.In the coming years, if a man beyond the Fourth Ring Road goes to work in the downtown of Beijing, he is encouraged to _________.
A.take buses or subways B.take a taxi
C.drive the car quickly D.park his car in a place which asks for no fees
41.According to this passage, when more and more people drive to work in rush hour in Beijing, it is likely to _______.
A.save time B.cause traffic jams
C.cause traffic accidents D.reduce air pollution
42.The aim in building new city centers is to ________.
A.make it convenient for people to go shopping
B.develop its local resources
C.reduce the traffic flow to the downtown
D.solve the problem of more laid-off workers
43.The passage suggests the author ______.
A.is tired of driving to work
B.finds it costs less to take subways than to drive
C.is for the plan to reduce Beijing’s traffic congestion(拥挤)
D.has benefited a lot by driving to the downtown every day
Your cellphone holds secrets about you. Besides the names and numbers that you’ve programmed into it, traces of your DNA remain on it, according to a new study.
DNA is genetic material that appears in every cell. Like your fingerprint, your DNA is unique to you - unless you have an identical twin. Scientists today usually analyze DNA in blood, saliva (唾液)or hair left behind at the scene of a crime. The results often help detectives identify criminals and victims.
Meghan J. McFadden, a biologist at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, heard about a crime in which the suspect bled onto a cellphone and later dropped it. This made her wonder whether traces of DNA remained on cellphones - even when no blood was involved. To find out, she and a colleague collected flip-style (翻盖式)phones from 10 volunteers. They collected invisible traces of the users from two parts of the phone: the outside, where the user holds it, and the speaker, which is placed at the user’s ear.
The scientists cleaned the phones using a liquid mixture made mostly of alcohol. The aim of washing was to remove all detectable traces of DNA. The owners got their phones back for another week. Then they returned the phones and the researchers collected traces on each phone once more. They discovered DNA that belonged to the phone’s owner on each of the phones.
Surprisingly, DNA was even picked up immediately after the phones were cleaned. That suggests that washing won’t remove all traces of evidence from a criminal’s cellphone. So cellphones can be added to the list of clues that can settle a crime-scene investigation.
64. In a crime-scene investigation, now experts are likely to turn to ________.
A. the criminal’s fingerprint B. the DNA analysis of physical items
C. the detectives D. the criminal’s cellphone
65. According to the passage, McFadden was inspired by ________.
A. the secrets stored in people’s cellphones B. the special characters of DNA
C. a cellphone-involved case D. the challenging job of detectives
66. According to the passage, the potential application of the new study would be ________.
A. identifying criminals B. designing new cellphones
C. protecting individual privacy D. preventing cellphone-involved crimes
67. Which of the following has the closest meaning with the underlined word “identify” in Paragraph 2?
A. imagine B. recognize C. discover D. determine
第三部分: 完形填空(共20小题;每小题2分,满分40分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The back door of the ambulance was suddenly shut and the driver ran to the front, jumped into the seat, and started the engine。 Inside were the 26 parents, Mr。 and Mrs。 Green。 The mother was holding their baby daughter, Ally。 The girl had some 27 stuck in her throat and could 28 breathe。
The driver, Mr。 White, turned on his siren(警报器) and sped towards the 29 hospital, fighting against the time。 The 30 ahead of him pulled out of the way 31 he drove through the busy traffic。 From the back of the 32 the parents were shouting at him to be __33 , since Ally had almost stopped 34 。 In front of him he saw some traffic 35 , with the red “Stop” light shining。 Mr。 white knew he had no time to 36 , so he drove straight through the traffic lights。
Coming towards him from his right was a taxi with the 37 closed, and the driver was playing his radio, He did not 38 the ambulance。 The lights were green; 39 he drove straight on into the ambulance。
Mr。 White tried to stop his ambulance, but it was too 40 。 It hit the taxi。 Everyone was shaken, but no one was hurt。 Mr。 White looked to see 41 little Ally was。 He was astonished to see relief(宽慰) instead of 42 on the faces of the parents。
“Look!” cried Mrs。 Green。 “She is breathing again。”
“It 43 have been the crash,” said her husband, “It 44 the food out of her throat。”
The baby’s color was turning 45 , and she was crying in a loud but healthy voice。 They were all joyful, and quite forgot about the accident。
26。 A。 worried B。 angry C。 satisfied D。 surprised
27。 A。 honey B。 drinks C。 food D。 water
28。 A。 never B。 almost C。 hardly D。 simply
29。 A。 modern B。 promising C。 children’s D。 nearest
30。 A。 interviewers B。 drivers C。 cars D。 parents
31。 A。 that B。 as C。 if D。 as though
32。 A。 street B。 cars C。 traffic D。 ambulance
33。 A。 quick B。 convenient C。 anxious D。 calm
34。 A。 breathing B。 circulating C。 saying D。 talking
35。 A。 signs B。 policemen C。 lights D。 marks
36。 A。 stop B。 spare C。 lose D。 miss
37。 A。 engine B。 car C。 door D。 window
38。 A。hear B。 see C。 find D。 notice
39。 A。 however B。 so C。 but D。 on the other hand
40。 A。 dangerous B。 late C。 careless D。 quick
41。 A。 how B。 what C where D。 who
42。 A。 pleasure B。 anger C。 fear D。 surprise
43。 A。 may B。 can C。 should D。 must
44。 A。 took B。 picked C。 knocked D。 pulled
45。 A。 common B。 normal C。 general D。 ordinary
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