Tobacco is the second major cause of death in the world. It is responsible for the death of one in ten adults worldwide (about 5 million deaths each year). If current smoking patterns continue, it will cause some 10 million deaths each year by 2020. Half the people that smoke today, that is about 650 million people, will eventually be killed by tobacco.
Tobacco is the fourth most common risk factor for disease worldwide. The economic costs of tobacco use are equally devastating (破坏性的). In addition to the high public health costs of treating tobacco-caused diseases, tobacco kills people at the height of their productivity, depriving (剥夺) families of breadwinners(养家糊口的人) and nations of a healthy workforce. Tobacco users are also less productive while they are alive due to increased sickness. A 1994 report estimated that the use of tobacco resulted in an annual global net loss of 200 thousand million US dollars, a third of this loss being in developing countries.
Tobacco and poverty are closely linked. Many studies have shown that in the poorest households in some low-income countries as much as 10% of total household expenditure is on tobacco. This means that these families have less money to spend on basic items such as food, education and health care. It contributes to a higher illiteracy rate, since money that could have been used for education is spent on tobacco instead.
小题1:
Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the first paragraph?| A．Smoking causes 10 percent of the deaths worldwide. | | B．About 10 million people will die from smoking each year by 2020. | | C．Half the people in the world will be killed by smoking. | | D．Roughly there are 1,300 million smokers nowadays. |
小题2:
According to the passage, tobacco affects a family in the following aspects EXCEPT _______.| A．relationship | B．education | | C．health | D．economy |
小题3:
The text uses a lot of figures to _____.| A．show we shouldn’t smoke too much | | B．tell people exactly the number | | C．warn people of the harm of smoking | | D．indicate the writer had a careful investigation |
小题4:
The underlined word “illiteracy” in the last paragraph means ____.| A．great intelligence | B．good education | | C．bad behaviors | D．inability to read or write |
小题5:
What is the best title of the passage?| A．Tobacco Should Be Banned. | | B．Why Is Tobacco a Major Threat to Public Health. | | C．Tobacco and Poverty Go Hand in Hand. | | D．Tobacco May Cause Death. |
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| 小题1:D小题1:A小题1:C小题1:D小题1:B |
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核心考点
试题【Tobacco is the second major cause of death in the world. It is responsible for t】；主要考察你对
题材分类等知识点的理解。
[详细]举一反三
Watercolor（水彩画） is the oldest paints known. It dates back to the early cave men. They discovered that they could mix the natural colors found in the earth with water. In this way they could add lifelike qualities to drawings of animals and other figures on the wall of caves.
Fresco（壁画）, one of the greatest art forms, is done with watercolor, it is created by mixing paints and water and applying these to wet plaster（灰泥）. Of the thousands of people who stand under Michelangelos’ works in the Sistine Chapel, very few know they are looking at perhaps the greatest watercolor painting in the world.
The invention of oil painting by the Glemish masters in the fifteenth century made fresco painting go downhill, and for the next several centuries watercolor was used mainly for doing sketches（素描） or as tool for study. It was not until the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries that English painters put back watercolor as a serious art form. The English have widely-known love for the outdoors and also for small, private pictures. The softness o f watercolor had a strong attraction for them.
The popularity of watercolor continued to grow until the twentieth century. The United States took the place of England and became the cen ter of watercolor. It produced such well-known watercolor artists as Thomas Eakins and Andrew Wyeth.
小题1: The first watercolor users were___________| A．the early cave men | | B．Italian fresco artists | | C．Flemish masters | | D．the English artists in the 18th century |
小题2: In the 16th and 17th centuries the artists thought__________.| A．watercolor was more costly, but better | | B．oil painting lasted less long, but clearer and brighter | | C．watercolor was not suitable for serious works | D．oil painting was difficult to use |
小题3: According to the passage, watercolor painting was put back in England because ______| A．it was easy to use outdoors | | B．it was a strong tool | | C．it was extremely bright in color | | D．it was well suited to popular tastes |
小题4: What is the passage mainly about?________| A．the gradual weakness of fresco painting. | | B．Oils having more power of influence over watercolor. | | C．The rediscovery of watercolor in England. | | D．The start and development of watercolor. |
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When someone says, “Well, I guess I"ll have to go to face the music,” it doesn’t mean he is planning to go to a concert. It is something far less pleasant, like being called in your boss to explain why you did this and did that, and why you did not do this or that. Terrible music, indeed, but it has to be faced. At some time or another, every one of us has had to “face the music”, especially as children. We can remember father’s angry voice: “I want to talk to you!” And only because we did not obey him. What an unpleasant business it was!
The phrase “face the music” is known to every American, old and young. It is at least one hundred years old. Where did the expression come from?
The first explanation came from the American novelist James Fenimore Cooper. He said, in 1851, that expression was first used by actors while waiting in the wings (舞台的两侧) to go on stage. After they got their clue(暗示) to go on , they often said, “It’s time to go to face the music. ” And that is exactly what they did face the orchestra (乐队) which was just below the stage.
An actor might be frightened or nervous as he moved on to the stage in front of the audience(观众) that might be friendly, or perhaps unfriendly, especially if he forgot his lines. But he had to go out. If he did not, there would be no play. So “face the music” came to mean: having to go through something, no matter how unpleasant the experience might be, because you knew you had no choice.
小题1:The expression “face the music” means ______. A． plan to go to a concert | | B．get one’s clue to do something | | C．have to go through something far less pleasant | | D．disobey what one"s father says |
小题2:The passage tells us that the expression was first used by _____. | A．children | B．novelists | C．actors | D．audience |
小题3:In the last paragraph the Chinese meaning of the word “line” is _______. |
完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从下列各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
“Where is the bus? Why is it always late?” I asked myself. I was going to be late ___36___ the manager wasn’t going to be pleased. “Thank God, here it is!” The bus came round the corner and I got on. Ten minutes later I was walking into the ___37___ where I work. “Twenty-five past nine. I ___38___ the manager doesn’t notice.” But I was not ___39___.
“Smith!” shouted the manager. “Late again. What’s your ___40___ this time?” “I am afraid the bus was late, Mr. Brown.” “___41___ up earlier tomorrow! Anyway, go to your place at the counter. We’ll be opening in a few minutes.”
My first customer was a pretty girl wearing a red dress. ___42___ her was a young man of about 25. He seemed very ___43___, and every few seconds he looked towards the main entrance. The girl drew some money and ___44___ about opening an account. I gave her necessary ___45___ and she went out. ___46___, I noticed a tall man by the door, carrying something ___47___ with brown paper. Turning to my next customer, I was frightened to see a gun sticking out of his coat. The next moment a loud noise ___48___ my ears. Everything went black. I was falling… It seemed to be a long time ___49___ I opened my eyes and I found myself in bed! ___50___ shaking from the memory of this terrible dream, I got dressed and ran out of the house. ___51___, the bus wasn’t on time, and I got to the bank at 9:25.
“Smith!” the manager cried out in a voice like thunder. “___52___ of your excuses! Start work at once!” To my ___53___, the first customer was a girl ___54___ a red dress and behind her stood a man carrying something wrapped in brown paper. The ___55___! Sometimes life is full of coincidences (巧合)!
| 小题2: | | A．hotel | B．shop | C．bank | D．restaurant |
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| 小题3: | | A．believe | B．think | C．guess | D．hope |
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| 小题4: | | A．lucky | B．happy | C．sorry | D．angry |
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| 小题5: | | A．excuse | B．idea | C．cause | D．answer |
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| 小题7: | | A．Before | B．Behind | C．Beyond | D．Against |
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| 小题8: | | A．nervous | B．shy | C．calm | D．angry |
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| 小题9: | | A．cared | B．talked | C．asked | D．worried |
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| 小题10: | | A．information | B．offer | C．introduction | D．support |
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| 小题11: | | A．Again | B．Then | C．Thus | D．However |
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| 小题12: | | A．hidden | B．filled | C．decorated | D．covered |
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| 小题13: | | A．took | B．closed | C．filled | D．came |
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| 小题14: | | A．before | B．after | C．when | D．that |
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| 小题15: | | A．Even | B．Still | C．Just | D．Ever |
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| 小题16: | | A．As usual | B．For one thing | C．In fact | D．In general |
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| 小题17: | | A．Less | B．Plenty | C．More | D．None |
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| 小题18: | | A．pleasure | B．surprise | C．joy | D．regret |
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| 小题20: | | A．dream | B．story | C．affair | D．incident |
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 “Our aim is to take our art to the world and make people understand what it is to move,” said David Belle, the founder of parkour(跑酷).
Do you love running? It is a good exercise, yet many people find it boring. But what if making your morning jog a creative one? Like jumping from walls and over gaps, and ground rolls? Just like the James Bond in the movie Casino Royale? Bond jumps down from a roof to a windowsill and then runs several blocks over obstacles on the way. It is just because of Bond’s wonderful performances that the sport has become popular worldwide.
Yes, that’s parkour, an extreme street sport aimed at moving from one point to another as quickly as possible, getting over all the obstacles in the path using only the abilities of the human body. Parkour is considered an extreme sport. As its participants dash around a city, they may jump over fences, run up walls and even move from rooftop to rooftop.
Parkour can be just as exciting and charming as it sounds, but its participants see parkour much more than that.
Overcoming all the obstacles on the course and in life is part of the philosophy(理念) behind parkour. This is the same as life. You must determine your destination, go straight, jump over all the barriers as if in parkour and never fall back from them in your life, to reach the destination successfully. A parkour lover said, “I love parkour because its philosophy has become my life, my way to do everything.”
Another philosophy we’ve learnt from parkour is freedom. It can be done by anyone, at any time, anywhere in the world. It is a kind of expression of trust in yourself that you earn energy and confidence.
小题1: Parkour has become popular throughout the world because of .| A．its founder, David Belle | B．the film, Casino Royale | | C．its risks and tricks | D．the varieties of participants |
小题2: The underlined word “obstacles” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to “ ”.| A．streets | B．objects | | C．barriers | D．roofs |
小题3: Which of the following is true of parkour?| A．It challenges human abilities. | B．It is a good but boring sport. | | C．It needs special training. | D．It is a team sport. |
小题4: As its participants move around a city, .| A．they can ask for help | B．they may choose to escape | | C．they should run to extremes | D．they must learn to survive |
小题5: Which of the following is the philosophy of parkour?| A．Sports and extremes. | B．Excitement and popularity. | | C．Dreams and success. | D．Determination and freedom. |
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Parents are often amazed at how fast their child grows and develops. New research has determined that the ability to quantify may develop much sooner than most parents realize.
Kristy vanMarle, professor of the University of Missouri, has determined that contrary to what previous studies have shown, infants（婴儿）are able to quantify substances（物质）—like sand or water—as early as 10 months. As long as the difference between the two substances is large enough, infants will choose the larger amount, especially when it comes to food.
With the assistance of her team researchers, vanMarle tested the quantifying skills of babies by presenting them with two cups: one containing a small amount of food, and one containing a larger amount. Consistently, the babies chose the larger amount.
“Several studies throughout the last 15 years have shown that infants are very good at telling how many objects they see; however, infants don’t seem to count things like water or sand,” vanMarle said. “What we’re saying is that they can quantify substances; it’s just much harder. The infants can see how much food goes into each cup and compare that in their memories. They decide which amount is larger, and they almost always select the larger one.”
This information further refutes（驳斥）the long-held idea that babies “know nothing of the world,” vanMarle said.
“Since psychologists have begun studying infants with sensitive measures, we’ve discovered a lot of early abilities. I think for parents, it should be exciting to know that there’s somebody in there that has some fundamental and basic knowledge of the world, and that knowl edge is guiding their development,” vanMarle said.
In the future, vanMarle says this kind of study could be linked to a child’s progress in math-related skills, although programs marketed to increase those abilities, such as “Baby Einstein,” still have mixed reviews when it comes to academic study.
小题1:The quantifying ability refers to the ability to .| A．choose between different substances | | B．get much knowledge of the world | | C．describe the quantity of something | | D．obtain math-related skills |
小题2: What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 4?| A．The process of doing research. | | B．The scientific findings. | | C．The final choice of infants.] | | D．The observation of infants’ behavior. |
小题3:Babies choose the larger amount of food .A．by saying numbe rs | B．with the help of parents | | C．on personal preference | D．through their natural abilities |
小题4:We can learn from the text that .| A．some parents don’t care about their kids | | B．people used to think the world is known to babies | | C．little research has been done on infants | | D．scholars disagree on baby-training programs |
小题5: What’s the best title of the text?| A．Breakthrough in Baby Studies | | B．Amazing Baby-training Ideas | | C．Early Human Abilities | | D．Unique Quantifying Methods |
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