题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
For those who make journeys across the world, the speed of travel today has turned the countries into a series of villages．Distances between them appear no greater to a modern traveler than those which once faced men as they walked from village to village. Jet planes fly people from one end of the earth to the other, allowing them a freedom of movement undreamt of a hundred years ago.
Yet some people wonder if the revolution in travel has gone too far. A price has been paid, they say, for the conquest (征服) of time and distance. Travel is something to be enjoyed, not endured (忍受). The boat offers leisure and time enough to appreciate the ever-changing sights and sounds of a journey. A journey by train also has a special charm about it. Lakes and forests and wild, open plains sweeping past your carriage window create a grand view in which time and distance mean nothing. On board a plane, however, there is just the blank blue of the sky filling the narrow window of the airplane. The soft lighting, in-flight films and gentle music make up the only world you know, and the hours progress slowly.
Then there is the time spent being “processed” at a modern airport. People are conveyed like robots along walkways; baggage is weighed, tickets produced, examined and produced yet again before the passengers move to another waiting area. Journeys by rail and sea take longer, yes, but the hours devoted to being “processed” at departure and arrival in airports are luckily absent. No wonder, then, that the modern high-speed trains are winning back passengers from the airlines.
Man, however, is now a world traveler and cannot turn his back on the airplane. The working lives of too many people depend upon it; whole new industries have been built around its design and operation. The holiday maker, too, with limited time to spend, patiently endures the busy airports and limited space of the flight to gain those extra hours and even days, relaxing in the sun. speed controls people’s lives; time saved, in work or play, is the important thing—or so we are told. Perhaps those first horsemen, riding free across the wild, open plains, were enjoying a better world than the one we know today. They could travel at will, and the clock was not their master.
小题1:What does the writer try to express in Paragraph 1?
| A．Travel by plane has speeded up the growth of villages． |
| B．The speed of modern travel has made distances relatively short． |
| C．The freedom of movement has helped people realize their dreams． |
| D．Man has been fond of traveling rather than staying in one place． |
| A．By giving instructions． |
| B．By analyzing cause and effect． |
| C．By following the order of time． |
| D．By giving examples． |
| A．they pay less for the tickets |
| B．they feel safer during the travel |
| C．they can enjoy higher speed of travel |
| D．they don’t have to waste time being “processed” |
| A．They could enjoy free and relaxing travel． |
| B．They needed the clock to tell the time． |
| C．They preferred traveling on horseback． |
| D．They could travel with their master． |
| A．Air travel benefits people and industries． |
| B．Train Travel has some advantages over air travel． |
| C．Great changes have taken place in modern travel. |
| D．The high speed of air travel is gained at a cost. |
答案
小题1:B
小题2:D
小题3:D
小题4:A
小题5:D
解析
小题1:段落大意题 第一段讲了由于旅行速度快，国与国之间的距离变成了村与村的距离。实现了旅行区域自由的梦想。先扬后抑，导入下文。B选项符合此意。C选项与全文中心不吻合，所以错误。
小题2:段落结构题 该段先讲述了现代旅行买下了时间和距离。但旅行目的是讨个享受，而不是忍耐。接着分别正反两方面举例说明：搭船旅游可以悠闲地领略途中不断变换的美景和自然声响；坐火车旅行可以观赏窗外湖光山色；而乘飞机只能面对单调的蓝天和机内乏人的音像。所以选D。A选项中instructions是“(用法/操作)说明，指令”，显然不符合文意。
小题3:细节理解题 这段前半部分描述了乘飞机旅行时， 现在的乘客像机器人似的，进入或离开机场时要耗费时间在一些“程序化”的事情上。而搭船和坐火车则不一样。所以人们更乐意选modern high-speed train.选项D符合此意。C选项表达的不是此段的大意。故排除。
小题4:推理判断题 文章倒数两行句子介绍了远古时代人们骑马可以悠闲自由地驰骋在辽阔的平原上，领略与今日不同的世界， 而不受时间的蹂躏。故A选项正确。
小题5:篇章大意题 全文共四段。第一段告诉我们乘飞机旅行可以使人们战胜距离；第二段话锋一转，指出人们旅行目的是为了休闲享受；第三段便直接说明乘飞机旅行的弊端（耗费时间在一些“程序化”的事情上）；最后一段讲现代的人们为了追求速度，节省时间更好地休闲而不得不忍受着乘飞机旅行时的忙碌以及飞机内有限地空间。整个文章的意思告诉人们乘飞机旅行速度快，但要忍受一些无奈，失去些乐趣。故选D。
核心考点
试题【 For those who make journeys across the world, the speed of travel today has tu】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
Decision-making under Stress
A new review based on a research shows that acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages, causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative (负面的) consequences of a decision.
The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways.
“Stress affects how people learn,” says Professor Mara Mather. “People learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress.”
For example, two recent studies looked at how people learned to connect images(影像) with either rewards or punishments. In one experiment, some of the participants were first stressed by having to give a speech and do difficult math problems in front of an audience; in the other, some were stressed by having to keep their hands in ice water. In both cases, the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadn’t gone through the stress.
This phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist eating cookies or smoking a cigarette while under stress –at those moments, only the pleasure associated with such activities comes to mind. But the findings further suggest that stress may bring about a double effect. Not only are rewarding experiences remembered better, but negative consequences are also less easily recalled.
The research also found that stress appears to affect decision-making differently in men and women. While both men and women tend to focus on rewards and less on consequences under stress, their responses to risk turn out to be different.
Men who had been stressed by the cold-water task tended to take more risks in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way. In stressful situations in which risk-taking can pay off big, men may tend to do better, when caution weighs more, however, women will win.
This tendency to slow down and become more cautious when decisions are risky might also help explain why women are less likely to become addicted than men: they may more often avoid making the risky choices that eventually harden into addiction.
小题1:We can learn from the passage that people under pressure tend to ______.
| A．keep rewards better in their memory |
| B．recall consequences more effortlessly |
| C．make risky decisions more frequently |
| D．learn a subject more effectively |
| A．ways of making choices | B．preference for pleasure |
| C．tolerance of punishments | D．responses to suggestions |
| A．women find it easier to fall into certain habits |
| B．men have a greater tendency to slow down |
| C．women focus more on outcomes |
| D．men are more likely to take risks |
"What"s it like to have a gap between your teeth?" a girl asked me one day.
Nobody had ever _. 36 _ before. My hand unconsciously rose to cover my mouth. But, as she looked at me, sincerely waiting for__ 37__, 1 realized she was not trying to be rude. "I never think about it," I truthfully replied. She nodded and turned away. I was left wondering if people _38__ me and saw only gappy teeth.
Later that day at home, I began to __39 __ my teeth again. I felt upset. I thought my life would be somehow better if my teeth were not gappy. How I wanted the perfect teeth that everyone else seemed to have!
Of course, Mom 40 everything . She has lived her entire life with gappy teeth, and tried to convince me that there was nothing to __41__. When I refused to listen, she told me I could get the surgery to close the gap if it was that important. "Let"s be 42__, though," she said. "If everyone got surgeries to become pretty, everyone would be exactly the same. There is beauty in differences."
Her __43__ made me consider my teeth seriously. The thought of losing my gap was more terrible than the reality that people were going to notice it. I realized how important it was to me. It is part of my 44 _.
Nowadays many people do ridiculous things to realize their dream of "perfection." The__45_ is that no one is perfect. When all potential for ugliness is removed, so is all of the potential for 46__.
So if that girl ever asked about my teeth 47___, I would truthfully answer. "You know? It"s really cute."
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When Glen Kruger picked a small cat from an animal shelter, he did not expect much. Yet right from the start, eight years ago, there was an uncommon connection between him and the small black cat. He 36 her Inky.
“ I grew up on a hundred-acre farm and had only cats 37 playmates ,” Kruger,
The seventy-year-old man , says. “My hearing was damaged by the 38 of farm equipment , so I learned to connect with 39 . They react to what they see and what you do. ”
Inky was a gentle cat, 40 the house with five other cats. But on a January night in 2009, Inky did 41 that would set her apart from 42 cats forever.
Kruger had gone down to the basement to 43 the wood stove for the night. When he was finished, he 44 to the top of the stairs and reached to turn off the lights. In doing so , he slipped and 45 his back against an old shelf. The heavy shelf came crashing down and sent Kruger down the stairs.
46 in a pool of blood on the basement floor, Kruger felt 47 going into shock（休克）. He shouted for help , 48 his wife, Brenda , was asleep in their
bedroom at the opposite end of the house. 49 Kruger noticed Inky watching from the top of the stairs.
“Go get Brenda, ” Kruger said to Inky.
Inky 50 to the bedroom door and scratched 51 until Brenda opened it. Then Inky led her to the 52 Brenda found her husband 53 the stairs and called 911. Kruger was rushed to the hospital. “I spent six months 54 therd,”
Says Kruger . “Although I became lame , I was blessed. ” Since the accident, Inky has 55
Left Kruger’s side.
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Astronauts on shorter shuttle missions（使命）often work very long days. Tasks are scheduled so tightly that break times are often used to finish the day’s work. This type of schedule is far too demanding for long missions on the International Space Station（ISS）. ISS crewmembers usually live in space for at least a quarter of a year. They work five days on and two days off to mimic the normal way they do things on Earth as much as possible . Weekends give the crew valuable. Weekends give the crew valuable time to rest and do a few hours of housework. They can communicate with family and friends by email , internet phone and through Private video conferences.
While astronauts cannot go to a baseball game or a movie in orbit, there are many familiar activities that they can still enjoy . Before a mission. The family and friends of each ISS crewmember put together a collection of family photos, messages, videos and reading material for
The astronauts to look at when they will be floating 370 kilometers above the Earth. During their mission, the crew also receives care packages with CDs, books, magazines, photos and letters . And as from early 2010, the internet became available on the ISS , giving astronauts the chance to do some “web surfing （冲浪）”in their personal time. Besides relaxing with these more common entertainments, astronauts can simply enjoy the experience of living in space.
Many astronauts say that one of the most relaxing things to do in space is to look out the window and stare at the universe and the Earth’s vast land mass and oceans.
小题1:What does the word “mimic ”in Paragraph 1 probably mean?
| A． Find | B． Copy |
| C．Change | D．Lose |
| A． The are caring and thoughtful. |
| B． The are impatient and annoyed. |
| C． The are impatient and annoyed. |
| D． The are excited and curious. |
| A． get more pleasure in space than on the Earth |
| B． find living in space a bit boring and tiring |
| C． regard space life as common |
| D． love to see the Earth from space |
| A． work for longer missions in space |
| B． connect with people on the Earth |
| C． observe the Earth from space |
| D． spend their free time in space |
Inside the pleasingly fragrant café, So All May Eat(SAME) in downtown Denver, the spirit of generosity is instantly noticeable: A donation box stands in place of a cash register. Customers here pay only what they can afford, no questions asked.
A risky business plan, perhaps, but SAME Café has done one unchangeable thing in the Mile High City for six years: Open only at midday, the restaurant provides poor local people with healthy, delicious lunches six days a week. Those unable to pay for their meals can instead volunteer as waiters and waitresses, and dishwashers, or look after the buildings and equipment for the cafe.
“It’s based on trust, and it’s working all right” , says co-owner Brad Birky , who started the café in 2006. With his wife Libby. Previously volunteering at soup kitchens, the Birkys were dissatisfied with the often unhealthy meals they served there.
“We wanted to offer quality food in a restaurant where everyone felt comfortable ,regardless of their circumstances,” Birky says. SAME’s special lunch menu changes daily and most food materials are natural and grown by local farmers.
The café now averages 65 to 70 customers (and eight volunteers) a day. And the spirit of generosity behind the project appears to be spreading. In early 2007,one volunteer who had cleared snow for his meals during the long winter said goodbye to the Birkys,” He said he was going to New Orleans to help with the hurricane cleanup,” says Birky.
小题1:What can we learn about the soup kitchens the Birkys prcviously worked for?
| A．They refused to have volunteers. |
| B．They offered low quality food. |
| C．They provided customers with a good environment. |
| D．They closed down because of poor management. |
| A．The customers who cannot pay can word as volunteers in stead. |
| B．More volunteers will go to new Orleans for the hurricane cleanup. |
| C．Many new cafes will be opened to offer free lunches in the town. |
| D．The lunch menu has remained the same since the café was started. |
| A．unfavorable |
| B．approving |
| C．doubtful |
| D．cautious |
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