Honesty may well be the policy, but it often deserts us when no one is watching, psychologists report today. Experiments with an honesty box to collect payments for hot drinks show that people are better at paying up when under the gaze(注视) of a pair of eyes. The surprise was that the eyes were not real, but photographed.
Researchers at Newcastle University set up the experiment in secret. They attached a poster to a cupboard of mugs above an-honesty box alongside a kettle ,with tea, coffee and milk. Over 10 weeks, they alternated each week between images of eyes and pictures of flowers.
Dr. Bateson, a behavioral biologist and leader of the study, said that even though the eyes were not real they still seemed to make people behave more honestly. They effect may arise from behavioral characteristics that developed as early humans formed social groups that increased their chances of survival. Individuals had to co-operate for the good of the group, rather than act selfishly.
"If nobody is watching us it is in our interests to behave selfishly. But when we think we"re being watched we should behave better, so people see us as co-operative and behave the same way towards us, "Dr. Bateson said.
"We thought we"d get a slight effect with eyes, but it was quite striking how much difference they made. Even at a subconscious(潜意识的) level, it seems people respond to eyes, and that might be because eyes send a strong biological signal we have evolved(进化) to respond to."
The finding, which researchers believe sheds light on our evolutionary past, could be turned to practical use. The psychologists say images of eyes could promote ticket sales on public transport and improve monitor systems to prevent antisocial behavior.
小题1:This passage is mainly about _______________.| A．the policy of honesty | | B．an honesty box to collect money | | C．evolution on honesty | | D．an experiment on honesty |
小题2:The reason for doing the experiment secretly is that the researchers _____________.| A．wanted to get a comparatively more exact result | | B．had known they wanted to do something illegally | | C．meant to get the co-operation of their colleagues | | D．intended to sell the hot drinks at a higher price |
小题3:People behave honestly under watchful gaze of eyes because _____________.| A．they want to leave a good impression | | B．they fear to be laughed at by others | | C．they"ve got the nature through evolution | | D．they take the photo for a real pair of eyes |
小题4:The underlined phrase" sheds light on" in the last paragraph means _____.| A．causes somebody to become cheerful | | B．makes something easier to understand | | C．comes upon something by accident | | D．brings something into the broad daylight |
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小题1:D
小题2:A
小题3:C
小题4:B |
文章给我们讲述了一个实验，人们在有监督的情况之下往往表现得更诚实。并研究了这种现象的原因。
小题1:主旨大意题。文章正是关于一个对于诚实的实验。
小题2:推理题。根据文章第二段可知这样做是为了得到一个相对更为客观的结果。
小题3:细节题。根据文章倒数第二段it seems people respond to eyes, and that might be because eyes send a strong biological signal we have evolved(进化) to respond to.可知人们是通过进化而得到这样的天性，故C正确。
小题4:猜测词义题。根据最后一段的意思可知研究人员认为这样的发现能让进化更容易被人们所理解。 |
核心考点
试题【Honesty may well be the policy, but it often deserts us when no one is watching,】；主要考察你对
题材分类等知识点的理解。
[详细]举一反三
Mr. Hadley was my 6th grade teacher. I was a tall thin girl weighing barely a hundred pounds. I ended up taking a lot of 36 especially from the boys, because of my appearance. I became an extremely 37 young lady.
One day 38 in the 6th grade class was told by Mr. Hadley that we would be 39 to stand up in front of the class and read the 40 that we had completed.
When my turn came, I 41 to stand up in front of all those students and 42 to their tricks. Mr. Hadley came over to me and again 43 me to read my report. I gave it back to him. He walked to the front of the 44 and said, "Yvonne has a very good report here and I think everyone 45 to hear her read it. If I hear anyone making 46 noises or making fun of her in any way, I will let you fail right here and now. Understood?"
Mr. Hadley walked back to me and 47 me the paper, asking me to go to the front of the class. I walked to the front of the class on legs 48 were shaking and I felt a(n) 49 in my chest. Everyone were all quiet, including those boys. I stood there trying to gain 50 .
Mr. Hadley walked over to me putting his arm around me, "You can do it. I have 51 in you!" His words helped calm me. I 52 the report and instead of the kids laughing at me and 53 me, they all stood up and clapped their hands.
From that day on the kids never made fun of me again and some 54 made friends with me. I continued to be quite shy all through school 55 from that day on I knew if I had to stand up in front of class again. I could do it.
| 小题1: | | A．exercise | B．interests | C．trouble | D．tricks |
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| 小题2: | | A．brave | B．shy | C．graceful | D．selfish |
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| 小题3: | | A．someone | B．everyone | C．none | D．anyone |
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| 小题4: | | A．allowed | B．required | C．advised | D．warned |
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| 小题5: | | A．newspapers | B．reports | C．experiences | D．texts |
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| 小题6: | | A．refused | B．decided | C．promised | D．pretended |
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| 小题7: | | A．show off | B．look back | C．open up | D．put down |
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| 小题8: | | A．asked | B．forced | C．ordered | D．permitted |
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| 小题9: | | A．teacher | B．classroom | C．blackboard | D．class |
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| 小题10: | | A．likes | B．hates | C．needs | D．dares |
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| 小题11: | | A．quiet | B．strange | C．special | D．little |
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| 小题12: | | A．left | B．dropped | C．offered | D．handed |
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| 小题13: | | A．which | B．what | C．where | D．that |
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| 小题14: | | A．rabbit | B．idea | C．warmth | D．coldness |
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| 小题15: | | A．strength | B．excuse | C．calm | D．encouragement |
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| 小题16: | | A．dependence | B．support | C．confidence | D．result |
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| 小题17: | | A．read | B．recited | C．announced | D．described |
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| 小题18: | | A．looking down upon | B．making fun of | | C．losing interest in | D．breaking away from |
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| 小题19: | | A．definitely | B．fortunately | C．surprisingly | D．actually |
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It is that time of the year when the warm, late Summer days meet the cold, early Autumn nights. The skies on days like these are bright and clear. The air is cool, fresh, and full of the smell of wild flowers. The leaves on the trees are dark green but with splashes of red appearing here and there. It is a really beautiful time of the year. Every where and in everything you can see change.
Birds are starting to migrate. Children are getting ready for another school year. People are looking back on the fun days of Summer and forward to the busy days of Fall.
It is days like these that remind me that while seasons, weather, and nature"s colors may change it is all beautiful and it is all joyful. And I am changing too.
My thick wavy hair is now pretty thin on top. Its dark brown color is now getting some gray sprinkled(散落)in it. The smile lines around my eyes and mouth are deeper now and stay with me even when I stop smiling. My glasses continue to get thicker with each new pair and the music I love is now referred to as "oldies". Still, I feel so happy and joyful in my life. I am grateful for my younger years because they taught me so much.
What I have learned and experienced has gotten me to where I am today. I am grateful for my present because now is where I live and now is where I love. I feel happiness in every moment that God has given me, and I take great delight in all the changes life brings. Life is a never ending journey of change and growth. Life"s changes never stop but neither does life"s joy.
小题1:The author describes the sceneryin the first paragraph in order to ______ .| A．tell the time of story’s taking place | | B．tell the joy of season’s changing | | C．show the impressive beauty of nature | | D．set off the author’s delighted feeling |
小题2:From this passage we can learn _____. | A．the author is not young any longer at present | | B．the season the author describes is the meet of late autumn and early winter | | C．the author is a person who used to love music | | D．the author doesn’t hope life has changed so much |
小题3:The underlined part in the last paragraph probably means ______.| A．present life is well worth treasuring | | B．he is satisfied with where he lives now | | C．present life isn’t changing | | D．the world is filled with love everywhere |
小题4:From the passage we can see the author’s attitude to life is full of ______. | A．excitement | B．appreciation | C．compassion | D．complaint |
小题5:The best title of this passage is ______.| A．My life | B．My past | C．I love life | D．Life"s changes |
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Americans love to talk and generally it is OK to talk even to strangers about nearly any subject at any time as long as you are polite．However there are some subjects，like racism，American foreign policy，gun ownership，and religion that are best discussed among friends．
In America，it is OK to approach a stranger and start up a conversation with him as long as the subject is not too abstract．In America，it is not considered inappropriate to talk to people you don’t know．Talking to a stranger about the weather or the quality of nearby restaurants，or the prices in a grocery store is all perfectly fine．Even complimenting someone on the car they drive or asking them where they bought their clothes are all appropriate topics of conversation with complete strangers．
Generally，Americans prefer that people say what they think and they respect frankness．Usually when it comes to personal matters，it’s best to accentuate(强调)the positive：don’t tell someone that their children are ugly or that their cooking is terrible．However；it’s OK to tell someone that they are wrong as long as you do so politely and with respect．Americans generally believe that you show someone respect by telling them the truth．Don’t be afraid to be honest with Americans，but be appropriate．
Most Americans will start a conversation with a person they just met by asking them what they do for a living．This question is not only considered appropriate by Americans，but it’s also considered an important way to learn about someone．
小题1:The passage mainly tells us ．| A．how to make friends with Americans | | B．how to make proper conversations with Americans | | C．what Americans like to talk about in their dailv life | | D．what to avoid in talking with Americans |
小题2:When you talk to an American for the first time，you can ask him the following questions EXCEPT “ ”.| A．How does America treat other countries | | B．Where did you buy your wonderful car | | C．What do you do | | D．How is the dessert the nearby restaurant offers |
小题3:When you find that an American has made a mistake, you’d better ．| A．point it out directly and politely | | B．pretend not to see it | | C．tell his friends about this | | D．cover it up for him |
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The other day, I happened to meet someone I hadn’t seen for many years. I couldn’t believe the change in him. In fact, he didn’t even seem like the 36 person.
When I first knew Bill , back in 37 , he was one of the most carefree（无忧无虑）people I had ever 38 . He was always ready to have a party. He thought 39 of going out for beer at three o’clock in the morning or driving 15 miles to see an old 40 he really liked. Bill and I were in the same class in college, and 41 was never dull when he was 42 . With him there was one wild 43 after another. Sometimes I wonder how we 44 to study for our exams.
Last week I was in Houston on business and I ran into Bill in the bar at the hotel. 45 , I wasn’t even sure it was 46 . Was this short-haired businessman really the same person? I wasn’t really sure until I came near him but it indeed was Bill. Now he works for a bank. He 47 most of the evening about his job, his new car and his house. How he had changed! Back when we were in college, the 48 thing Bill cared about were possessions(财富). Now they seemed to be his main 49 . Although I have changed quite a bit myself, somehow I never 50 Bill changing so much. My image of him 51 the one I had formed 52 the time when we were college students together.
I suppose it’s 53 to expect people to remain the same, especially 54 I have changed so much myself. But I must say that I enjoyed the old Bill much more than the new Bill. Maybe he 55 the same way about me.
| 小题1: | | A．proper | B．usual | C．same | D．right |
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| 小题2: | | A．childhood | B．the army | C．his thirties | D．college |
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| 小题3: | | A．considered | B．met | C．supposed | D．expected |
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| 小题4: | | A．most | B．much | C．nothing | D．none |
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| 小题5: | | A．movie | B．hospital | C．man | D．country |
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| 小题6: | | A．learning | B．life | C．work | D．fun |
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| 小题7: | | A．in | B．out | C．around | D．away |
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| 小题8: | | A．joke | B．mistake | C．chance | D．adventure |
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| 小题9: | | A．managed | B．continued | C．decided | D．hoped |
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| 小题10: | | A．First of all | B．At first | C．Now and then | D．All the time |
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| 小题12: | | A．thought | B．spent | C．argued | D．talked |
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| 小题13: | | A．first | B．next | C．last | D．only |
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| 小题14: | | A．interest | B．event | C．subject | D．problem |
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| 小题15: | | A．forgot | B．minded | C．imagined | D．liked |
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| 小题16: | | A．remained | B．reminded | C．suggested | D．became |
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| 小题17: | | A．since | B．from | C．at | D．till |
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| 小题18: | | A．unnecessary | B．foolish | C．common | D．unusually |
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| 小题19: | | A．because | B．that | C．how | D．when |
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| 小题20: | | A．discovered | B．acted | C．looked | D．felt |
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It’s often true that jobs for students sometimes lead to employment after graduation, so it’s a good idea to think carefully before you begin working during your college years.
During my entire college life I worked as a bartender （酒吧招待）. I have to say that I really enjoyed that job, and was fond of the idea of making money without doing too much work. I also had the opportunity to socialize （ 交际） while working. I came to be known among the upper class, and gradually became popular on campus because of my job. However, working as a bartender can have the negative side that people tend to think that you enjoy drinking.
All in all, I wish I had thought more carefully before deciding to take that job. I got a Bachelor’s degree （学士学位）in English, qualifying（使···有资格） me to work as a writer, but so far I have only been able to use the skills I learned from that part-time job.
It would be different if I had searched for jobs related to writing or editing（编辑） instead of bartending. It’s commonly accepted that employment for students is only temporary （临时的），but we should never forget that it can connect to the work we get after we graduate. After all, employers not only look at the degree, but also your previous experience.
So before getting a part-time job while you’re at school, consider what you want to do for the rest of your life.
小题1:Which of the following is a benefit（好处）of working as a bartender for the author?| A．He had a good time after school. | | B．He made connect with many people. | | C．He satisfied his curiosity about others. | | D．He had learned how to make wine. |
小题2:The underline word “negative” in Paragraph 2 can be replaced by “ _______”. | A．bad | B．same | C．wrong | D．bright |
小题3:The author writes the text mainly to _______. | A．describe his part-time job during his college life | | B．tell students to be careful with their part-time jobs | | C．convince（使确信）students that bartender is the part-time job | | D．advise students to look for their future jobs in the college |
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