题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
You have to give a speech, and you’re terrified. You get nervous, you forget what you want to say, you stumble(结巴) over words, you talk too long, and you bore your audience. Later you think, “Thank goodness, it’s over. I’m just no good at public speaking. I hope I never have to do that again.”
Cheer up! It doesn’t have to be that bad. Here are some simple steps to take the pain out of speech making. Ask yourself the purpose of your speech. What is the occasion(场合)? Why are you speaking? Then, gather as many facts as you can on your subject. Spend plenty of time doing your research. Then spend plenty of time organizing your material so that your speech is clear and easy to follow. Use as many examples as possible, and use pictures, charts, and graphs if they will help you make your points more clearly. Never forget your audience. Don’t talk over their heads, and don’t talk down to them. Treat your audience with respect. They will appreciate your thoughtfulness.
Just remember: be prepared. Know your subject, your audience, and the occasion. Be brief. Say what you have to say and then stop. And be yourself. Let your personality come through so that you make person-to-person contact with your audience.
If you follow these simple steps, you’ll see that you don’t have to be afraid of public speaking. In fact, you may find the experience so enjoyable that you volunteer to make more speeches! You’re not convinced yet? Give it a try and see what happens.
小题1:The main idea of this article is that .
| A．you can improve your speaking ability |
| B．a poor speaker can never change |
| C．you should always make a short speech |
| D．it is hard to make a speech |
| A．many people are afraid of giving a speech |
| B．many people are happy to give a speech |
| C．many people do not prepare for a speech |
| D．many people talk to long |
| A．speaking too loudly |
| B．looking at the ceiling |
| C．looking down upon them |
| D．using words and ideas that are too difficult |
| A．Do Not Make a Long Speech |
| B．How to Give a Good Speech |
| C．How to Prepare for a Speech |
| D．Try to Enjoy a Speech |
答案
小题1:A
小题2:A
小题3:D
小题4:B
解析
试题分析：本文介绍了我们在人生当中，都会遇到演讲的时候，但是，大多数人的演讲并不够好。作者给出了一些做好演讲的建议。演讲要做好准备，紧扣主题，尊重观众，注意场合等。
小题1:主旨题：根据第一段中“This article gives some suggestions on how to give an effective speech.”本文给出了一些建议如何做一个有效的演讲，这是文章的主旨。故选A。
小题2:推理题：阅读第二段内容可知这些状况使人们害怕演讲。故选A。
小题3:推理题：根据划线部分句子“Don’t talk over their heads, and don’t talk down to them.”不要高谈阔论，超出他们的理解范围，也不要以居高临下的口气对他们说话，由此可知D项符合语境。故选D。
小题4:主旨题：阅读全文可知者给出了一些做好演讲的建议，如演讲要做好准备，紧扣主题，尊重观众，注意场合等。故选B。
核心考点
试题【We are all called upon to make a speech at some point in life, but most of us do】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
I recently sat down to a relaxed and enjoyable dinner with some friends. At the beginning of the meal, a friend told us that his car had just been broken into and his briefcase (公文包) had been stolen. He was frustrated (懊恼的) because his diary and a number of other items important to him were in the briefcase. He said he could remember only four items that were in his stolen briefcase, that he knew there were many more, that he had to give a full report to the police within two hours, and that the more he tried to remember the more blocked he became.
Several of us at the table who were familiar with Memory Principles (规则) then took him through the following exercise; instead of continuing to allow him to think of what he could not remember, we asked him when he had last had his briefcase open. It turned out that it was at the office just before he left work, at which point he suddenly remembered that he had put two important magazine articles in the briefcase. We then asked him when he had last had the briefcase open before leaving home for work. It turned out to have been the night before, and he remembered having put in two more articles as well as a tape recorder, in preparation for the following morning. Finally we asked him to describe the inner (内部的) design of his briefcase, and as he went through a detailed description, he remembered pens, pencils, letters and a number of other items that he had completely “forgotten” before.
Within 20 minutes, he remembered 18 additional items. The secret is to “forget about” whatever you are trying to remember and “relive” all experiences that connect in any way with the item you are trying to remember. This method works at once almost in all cases, and takes the form of a created Mind Map around the “missing” center.
This memory method, like the others, improves your memory as well as your creativity, and in addition gives you confidence when you realize that, no matter what you have forgotten, there is still a chance to solve any memory mystery (谜团)!
小题1:Which of the following shows how the man remembered the items according to the passage?
小题2:What does the underlined word “relive” mean in the passage?
| A．go through again | B．get out of | C．get used to again | D．pay attention to |
| A．Forgetting — You can never really forget |
| B．Drawing — The better way to remember things |
| C．Re-remembering — Remember what you have forgotten |
| D．Replacing — Forgetting something instead of remembering |
In fact, it is likely that some of these things have already happened to you. Who would watch you without permission? It might be a girlfriend, a marketing company, a boss or a criminal. Whoever it is, they will see you in a way you never intended to be seen-----the 21st century is the equal of being caught naked.
Psychologists tell us boundaries are healthy and that it is important to reveal yourself to friends, families and lovers at appropriate time and places. But now few boundaries remain. The information you leave everywhere makes it easy for strangers to reconstruct who you are, where you are and what you like. Believe it or not, we live in a world where you simply can’t keep a secret. The key question is: does that matter?
When you ask Americans about privacy, most say they are concerned about losing it.
But people say one thing and do another. Only a tiny part of Americans change any behaviors in an effort to preserve their privacy. Few people turn down a discount at tollbooths(收费站) to avoid using the EZ-Pass system that can track automobile movements. And few refuse to offer personal information like Social Security numbers to get supermarket loyalty cards.
But privacy (隐私) does matter—at least sometimes. It is like health: when you have it, you don’t notice it. Only when it is gone do you wish you had done more to protect it.
小题1:What does the underlined sentence in Para 2 mean?
| A．People’s personal information is easily accessed without their knowing it. |
| B．In the 21st century people try every means to look into others’ secrets. |
| C．People tend to be more frank with each other in the information age. |
| D．Criminals are easily caught on the spot with advanced technology. |
| A．Friends should open their hearts to each other. |
| B．Friends should always be faithful to each other. |
| C．There should be a distance even between friends. |
| D．The closer they are, the deeper their friendship is. |
| A．Americans talk a lot but do little about privacy protection |
| B．Americans use various loyalty cards for business. |
| C．Americans rely more and more on electronic devices. |
| D．Americans change behaviors that might disclose their identity. |
| A．Privacy and Health | B．Privacy Is Getting Lost. |
| C．Boundary and Friendship | D．Cherish What You Have |
1．Fly into Alternate Airports
Most major destinations are served by more than one airport．Flying into a less popular one can result in cheaper tickets．Another added perk of quieter airports? Shorter check-in and security lines，and less waiting around．
2．Use Public Transportation for City Travel to Save Time and Money
When possible，take public transportation from the airport to your hotel．For example，the London-Heathrow express train takes just 15 minutes to get from airport to city and costs under 20 pounds．By contrast，“A taxi costs about 70 pounds and takes 40 minutes，"reports DiScala．
3．Eat Smart，Explore…and Save
Look for ways to take your order in pricey restaurants and you can avoid “Are we about to run out of money?”“Don’t order an appetizer．Don’t drink a lot of booze，” says DiScala．
Also，cover more ground by spreading out your snack places．“Have dessert at a café or ice cream stand, instead of at the dinner restaurant，” suggests DiScala．You’ll see more of the city and decisions about where to go for dinner will be less worrying．
4．Hit the Market
Much like reading the local newspaper，visiting a market gives context to a foreign country．
Even the smallest villages tend to have a weekly open-air market(often on Saturday mornings) , while in larger towns and cities，expect additional market days，as well as big supermarkets．
Markets also sell amazing，wallet-friendly souvenirs．Think about sea salt，local spices or sauces，and regional oils and vinegars． Eatable gifts are almost always appreciated，saving you the stress of finding the“perfect”gift for each person on your list．
小题1:The passage aims to tell the readers how to________．
| A．take a plane without waiting for long |
| B．spend your holidays abroad economically |
| C．eat in a pricey restaurant at the smallest expense |
| D．save money to buy eatable gifts in a foreign market |
| A．Special benefit． | B．Strict standard． |
| C．Common scene． | D．Extra trouble． |
| A．Choosing a bigger airport． | B．Visiting local markets． |
| C．Having dinner at the hotel． | D．Taking an express train． |
| A．Having coffee at a cafe will cost more money． |
| B．Souvenirs bought at local markets are expensive． |
| C．You will run out of your money if you eat out． |
| D．Markets help you understand your tourist destination． |
Educate your family about earthquakes before a big one strikes. For example, they need to know to take shelter in a doorway or under a strong object if indoors, and never to run outdoors if they are inside. If outside, they need to know to stay away from power lines and buildings where objects could fall.
Teach family members how to turn off gas or water lines or electrical power that may need to be shut off after a quake if severe damage occurs.
Develop a plan. Where will your family meet in the event of a disaster? What if some people are at work or school? How will you know if they are safe? Where will you all meet up?
Pack a preparedness kit(衣物装备) and keep it in a safe location. In a major earthquake, it’s possible that you won’t be able to get into your house. Keep supplies in your car trunk or an outside storage shed if possible. Pack whatever your family is likely to need, enough for three days to a week, including food, water, medication, first aid and personal hygiene supplies, flashlights, a portable radio, blankets, clothes and shoes, cash, or camp stove, candles, matches or lighters, and a whistle.
Consider earthquake insurance for your home if you live in an earthquake-prone area. Regular homeowner’s insurance doesn’t cover earthquake damage.
小题1:The underlined words “prone to ” in paragraph 1 can be replaced by___________.
| A．likely to suffer | B．frequent to explore |
| C．regular to measure | D．impossible to experience |
| A．stay where you are | B．hide under a big tree |
| C．avoid power lines | D．sit on the ground |
| A．about 1,500 earthquakes happen every year |
| B．people should store some clothes in their houses in advance |
| C．family members should meet in their home after an earthquake |
| D．people suffering earthquakes often should buy earthquake insurance |
| A．How to Keep Safe in an Earthquake |
| B．How to Prepare for an Earthquake |
| C．Who Can Help Us After an Earthquake? |
| D．Where Is an Earthquake-prone Area? |
According to the National Sleep Foundation, should sleep twelve to eighteen hours of every twenty-four. With a gradual to twelve to fourteen hours for toddlers(初学走路的孩子) one to three; eleven to thirteen hours for three to five; and ten to eleven hours for schoolchildren five to ten.
But things get really at adolescence. Not only do teenagers need more sleep than __---eight and a half to nine and a quarter hours a night, according to the sleep foundation - but the times which they get sleepy and are able to awaken and feel rested shift in a that does not match to the times at most schools.
Sleep studies have shown that the typical teenager does not fall asleep readily before 11 p. m. or later. many have to get up by 6 a. m. or to get to school for a class starts at 7:30 or 8 a.m. More than a few off during that class, and often the one as well. Even if awake, they"re in no condition to learn much of anything.
In one study, more than 90 percent of teenagers they slept less than the nine hours a night, and 10 percent said they slept less than six hours.
_ James B. Maas, a Cornell University psychologist and Leading sleep researcher, has observed, most teenagers are "walking zombies(僵尸)" they get far too little sleep.
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