题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
It has long been known that the cars of a taxi firm called AAAA have a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers look through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbot has in life over Zoe Zysman. English names are fairly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a quite large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K.
Thus the American presidents and vice-presidents have surnames starting with B and C separately and 26 of those before George Bush took office (including his father ) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chretien and Koizumi). The world"s three top central bankers ( Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami)are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. The same case are the world"s five richest men ( Gates, Buffet and so on) .
Can this merely happen by chance? At the start of the first year in primary school, teachers seat pupils, alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. So shortsighted and small-sized Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is seldom asked the improving questions by those teachers. At that time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly.
The unfairness continues. At university graduation parties, the ABCs proudly get their awards first. However, by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are a little tired. Lists of job interviews and conference speakers and attendees all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their readers lose interest as they plough through them.
小题1:What does the author intend to show with AAAA cars and Zodiac cars?
A.An example of competition of two kinds of cars. |
B.Some advantages of AAAA cars in the taxi firm. |
C.An example of unfairness caused by alphabetism. |
D.Some disadvantages of Zodiac cars in the taxi firm. |
A.The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zoe Zysman. |
B.In both East and West, names are important to success. |
C.Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies" names. |
D.The discrimination in alphabetism can be found in many areas. |
A.alphabetically disadvantaged often escape from class |
B.teachers should pay equal attention to all their students |
C.questions are often put to the more intelligent students |
D.students should be seated according to their eyesight |
A.VIPs in the western world gain a great deal from alphabetism. |
B.People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often misunderstood. |
C.Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional unfairness. |
D.The movement to get rid of alphabetism still has a long way to go. |
答案
小题1:C
小题2:D
小题3:B
小题4:C
解析
试题分析:本文作者介绍了按字母顺序排列对姓氏首字母在字母表后半部分不利。作者列举了许多例子来说明这种情况。
小题1:细节题:根据第二段第一句“It has long been known that the cars of a taxi firm called AAAA have a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers look through their phone directories. ”人们早就知晓一个叫4个A的汽车公司比一个叫Zodiac的汽车公司在做生意时享 有便利,因为顾客在翻看电话簿时,4个A汽车的名字排在前面,所以这是一种看似平等,实 际上并不平等的安排。故选C。
小题2:推理题:阅读前三段内容可知第一段讲按字母顺序排列对姓氏首字母在字母表后半部分不利。第二段举两个例子, 一个是以A开头的汽车公司,另一个是以A开头的人名,都比以Z开头的汽车公司和人名 享有更多的好处,并指出有许多杰出人士的姓氏首字母都在A到K之间。第三段讲美国的总统、副总统、7个经济强国的政府首脑、世界上3个顶尖的银行家以及世界上最有钱的5个人的名字都在字母表的前一半。故选D。
小题3:推理题:阅读第四段内容可知老师把学生按字母顺序排座位,结果,名字在字母表后面的学生虽有近视也得坐在后面,这样不利于学生的学习,也会影响他们以后在公众场合讲话的自信心。这反过来说明教师应当关心每个学生,故C项正确。故选B。
小题4:细节题:文章的前4段都讲到了按字母排列而引起的对一些人的不公平,所以C对。“按字 母顺序排列会导致非故意的不公正”。故选C。
核心考点
试题【Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been made】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
"It was a completely different experience," says Zhang of her first such experience last May. "You get the feeling that you"re cut off from the rest of the world. But also it s romantic and like a fairy tale."
She then successfully convinced her husband to be to have their wedding photos taken underwater a couple of months after her first try. "Can you imagine a 1.87-meter-tall man trying out something like a fishtail under the water?" Zhang says, laughing.
A commercial underwater photo portrait is perfect for post 80 and post 90 generations who adore taking snapshots, but are looking for new ways to be artistic, says Ai Cheng, owner and photographer of No.55 Underwater Photography in Shanghai.
Ai opened a studio in Shanghai"s suburb of Songjiang two years ago, building a 5-meter- deep, fan-shaped pool equipped with heating facilities to start up the business. A 30-minute training on how to smile under the water so that you won"t drink too much water and how to open your eyes underwater is offered in his studio for those who don"t know how to swim.
Ai says most of his customers are female—half of them coming for an artistic portrait photo and the rest for wedding pictures. "Some of them drag their boyfriends or husband-to-be, who are unwilling to go down to the water, to shoot as well," he says.
小题1:What would be the best title for the text?
A.The Best Smiles May Be All Wet. |
B.The Sweetest Smile in the World. |
C.Smiling, a Universal Language. |
D.A New Challenge, a New Trend. |
A.Funny. | B.Dangerous. | C.Fantastic. | D.Strange. |
A.Young people eager to be special. |
B.Senior people to recall their old days. |
C.Couples to celebrate their anniversary. |
D.Artists to create new styles. |
A.young people are in for this fashion |
B.fewer men would show interest in this fashion |
C.men are more romantic than women |
D.women would like to take more adventures |
![](http://img.shitiku.com.cn/uploads/allimg/20191218/20191218151731-45679.jpg)
Diopters (屈光度)
The numbers on your prescription are given in diopters, whose short form is "D". It is used to measure the focusing power, or amount of correction.
O.S. and O.D.
Optometrists use the Latin short form O.S. and O.D. to distinguish between your eyes. O.S. refers to your left eye, while O.D. refers to the right eye.
Generally, your prescription will show a number for O.S. and O.D. (given in diopters). The farther this number is on a number line from zero, the more correction your eyeglasses should provide. A plus sign means the eye is farsighted, while a minus sign means the eye is nearsighted.
Spherical Value
This plus or minus number for each eye is called the spherical value, or the degree of nearsightedness or farsightedness you have. Its short form is "S."
Cylinder
If you have an astigmatism, the optometrist will also measure its degree. The higher the number (given in diopters) marked as the cylinder of astigmatism, (its short form is "C"), the more astigmatism there is in that eye.
Axis
An astigmatism is also measured in terms of its axis, which is a number between 0 and 180. The axis of the astigmatism does not relate to the amount of cylinder, just the location of the irregularity of the astigmatism on that particular eye.
小题1:According to the first paragraph, various sight problems ______.
A.should be understood by the patients |
B.can be avoided by wearing corrective lenses |
C.should be tested by different optometrists |
D.can be corrected by wearing eyeglasses |
A.Diopters | B.Spherical Value | C.Cylinder | D.Axis |
A.is farsighted | B.is nearsighted |
C.has no astigmatism | D.is normal in sight |
A.an education report | B.a school bulletin |
C.a local newspaper | D.an encyclopedia (百科全书) |
Whether students are working on English or chemistry homework, they are simply working on the assignment in order to get it done, attempting to memorize the concepts for the time being and do not absorb any of the information afterward. Students are wasting their time on insignificant assignments rather than effectively using that time to achieve other accomplishments. According to www.dailymail.com, many parents are concerned that homework is being assigned rather than being used to integrate (整合) what teachers are covering in the classroom. In their eyes, if less homework is assigned, students would have much less stress and could focus more on their passions and hobbies.
Homework gets in the way of participating in community service events as well as opportunities for getting a job or being a part of an extra-curricular activity. These responsibilities are important for teenagers to take on because they prepare the teenagers for the "real world." Without the proper exposure to work that is not school related, students will find themselves lost after they graduate. If homework were no longer given, students would have a lot more time to mature in other fields rather than being educated only on academics.
In spite of the fact that teachers want students to do better on tests and absorb the material that they are teaching, homework is not accomplishing its purpose. Because school is becoming increasingly more competitive and challenging, homework is becoming a setback rather than extra practice. Its removal would benefit the well being of teenagers as well as encourage them to get out in the "real world" and discover themselves instead of staring at a pile of assignments.
小题1:Students are wasting their time on insignificant homework because
A.they are working on it carelessly and hurriedly |
B.they attempt to get only part of the information memorized |
C.they spend too much time doing it without understanding |
D.they fail to take in the information after finishing it |
A.help students integrate the homework |
B.simplify what they teach in the classroom |
C.reduce homework to develop students" own interests |
D.assign more effective homework for students |
A.leave students lack of job opportunities |
B.make students lose the sense of responsibilities |
C.weaken students" social adaptation ability |
D.cause students to feel lost after graduation |
A.made simpler and easier |
B.completely cancelled |
C.connected with social activities |
D.switched over to subject competitions |
Here are the comments on CRI (China Radio International) given by people from different countries on the Internet.
People | Comments |
Yingtian Hu Guangzhou, China | This is the first time that I participate in CRI. And I like it very much. I hope its website will become the most excellent one with the foreign languages. And I choose the important news which I think has a great influence on our society and our lives. In the end, I hope that more and more persons join in CRI and make it perfect! |
SujanParajuli, Select city, Nepal | I am both a regular listener of CRI and visitor of its wonderful Website. First of all, I would like to extend my heartfelt thanks to CRI for its great efforts to keep the listeners up-to-date during the year 2008. We, the listeners, are greatly grateful to CRI for its praise-worthy efforts to quench the thirst of its dear listeners. During the Year 2008, I found all of your programs quite interesting, informative and educational. Once again, thanks a lot for offering bonanza of information, news, entertainment and many items which have indeed broaden the horizons of our knowledge and understanding as well. |
Ibrahim Rustamov, Tajikistan | With CRI, I was impressed by China’s rapid development in all spheres. But I felt so sorry to get to know about the snowstorms in China and Wenchuan earthquake. CRI and CCTV play a great role in introducing China to the world! Kudos! My friends and I wish CRI all the best! |
Mike Thatcher, London | My family and I are all keen on Chinese Culture, especially the beautiful Chinese folk music. Various interesting programs by CRI just open a window for us foreigners, through which we can know more about China and have a better understanding of the Chinese culture. Best wishes to CRI! Best wishes to China! |
A.CRI helps to keep its listeners up-to-date. |
B.CRI helps its listeners to better understand China. |
C.CRI helps its listeners to practice and improve foreign languages. |
D.CRI helps its listeners broaden their knowledge with its rich contents. |
A.satisfy one’s need | B.supply drinks |
C.take care of | D.keep in touch with |
A.CRI has a great influence on our society and lives. |
B.Wonderful though CRI is, there are still many weaknesses. |
C.CRI plays an important role in introducing the world to China. |
D.CRI has made great efforts to make itself better and gained popularity. |
Of course, the main difference on the Chinese dinner table is chopsticks instead of knife and fork, but that’s only superficial. Besides, in decent restaurants, you can always ask for a pair of knife and fork, if you find the chopsticks not helpful enough. The real difference is that in the West, you have your own plate of food, while in China the dishes are placed on the table and everyone shares. If you are being treated to a formal dinner and particularly if the host thinks you’re in the country for the first time, he will do the best to give you a taste of many different types of dishes.
The meal usually begins with a set of at least four cold dishes, to be followed by the main courses of hot meat and vegetable dishes. Soup then will be served (unless in Guangdong style restaurants) to be followed by staple food ranging from rice, noodles to dumplings. If you wish to have your rice to go with other dishes, you should say so in good time, for most of the Chinese choose to have the staple food at last or have none of them at all.
Perhaps one of the things that surprise a western visitor most is that some of the Chinese hosts like to put food into the plates of their guests. In formal dinners, there are always “public” chopsticks and spoons for this purpose, but some hosts may use their own chopsticks. This is a sign of genuine friendship and politeness. It is always polite to eat the food. If you do not eat it, just leave the food in the plate.
People in China tend to over-order food, for they will find it embarrassing if all the food is consumed. When you have had enough, just say so. Or you will always overeat!
小题1:The real difference on dinner table between China and West is that___________.
A.You’re treated to a formal dinner for the first time. |
B.On Chinese dinner table, chopsticks replace knife and fork. |
C.The host will do the best to give you a taste of many different types of dishes. |
D.You have your own plate of food in West while in China everyone shares the dishes. |
a. serving soup.
b.a set of four cold dishes.
c. staple food such as rice, noodle or dumplings.
d. the main courses of hot meat and vegetable dishes.
A.badc | B.cabd | C.bdac | D.cdab |
A.taste different dishes |
B.consume the food in the plate |
C.show the friendship and politeness |
D.put food into the plates of their guests |
A.critical | B.objective | C.negative | D.positive |
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