A. The Development of an Early Union
B. Support from the Public
C. The Decline of an Early Union
D. A Brief Comparison  between the Union and the Medieval Craft Guilds
E. Management"s Reaction to the Labour Movement
F. Reasons for starting a Union | A. When should you go there?
B. The main transportation there
C. Who usually goes there?
D. Getting around and enjoying more
E. Why do young people go there?
F. Where is it on earth in the world? | | 阅读理解 | The Parthenon in Athens is a building with a long and complex history.Built nearly 2,500 years ago
as a temple celebrating the Greek goddess Athena, it was for thousands of years the church of the
Virgin Mary of the Athenians, then a mosque (清真寺), and finally a ruin.The building was changed
and the sculptures were much damaged over the centuries.By 1800 only about half of the original
sculptural decoration remained.
Between 1801 and 1805, Lord Elgin, the British ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, which
controlled Athens, acting with the full knowledge and permission of the Ottoman authorities, removed
about half of the remaining sculptures from the fallen ruins and from the building itself.Lord Elgin loved
Greek history and transported the sculptures back to Britain.The arrival of the sculptures in London
had a huge effect on the European public, greatly increasing interest in ancient Greek culture and
influencing contemporary artistic trends.These sculptures were acquired from Lord Elgin by the British
Museum in 1816 and since then they have all been on display to the public, free of charge.
Since the early 1980s, however, the Greek government has argued for the permanent removal to
Athens of all the Parthenon sculptures in the British Museum.They have also challenged the British
Museum Board of Trustees" legal title to the sculptures.
The British Museum, however, insists that it exists to tell the story of cultural achievement throughout
the world, from the dawn of human history over two million years ago until the present day.The museum
considers itself an important resource for the world: the breadth and depth of its collection allows the
world public to reexamine cultural identities and explore the complex network of interconnected world
cultures.
It also says that, within the context of this unparalleled collection, the Parthenon sculptures are an
important representation of ancient Athenian civilization.Each year millions of visitors admire the artistry
of the sculptures and gain insights on how ancient Greece influenced-and was influenced by the other
civilizations that it encountered(遭遇). | | 1. For most of its history people went to the Parthenon to________. | A. admire the goddess Athena
B. pray to their god
C. search for sculptures
D. learn about its complex history | | 2. The underlined "it" (in Paragraph 4) refers to "________". | A. the British Museum
B. the Greek government
C. the Parthenon
D. the British Museum Board of Trustees | | 3. What can we learn about Lord Elgin from the passage? | A. He is greatly admired in Greece.
B. He worked for the Ottoman Empire.
C. He saved the Parthenon sculptures from being destroyed.
D. He had a deep interest in Greek culture. | | 4. The author"s main intention in writing this passage is to tell________. | A. the history of the Parthenon and its sculptures
B. what people can see in the British Museum
C. why the British Museum refuses to return the sculptures
D. the influence of Greece on British culture | | 阅读理解 | Nuclear radiation from power plant leaks and bomb tests resulted in millions of fewer baby girls born
worldwide, according to a new study.
Scientists noted these types of atmospheric blasts rather than ontheground incidents like Chernobyl
(切尔诺贝利), effected birth gender across the globe.
Scientists at Helmholtz Zentrum M?nchen, Germany, analysed population data from 1975 to 2007 for
the U. S. and 39 European countries.
There was an increase in the number of baby boys relative to girls in all of the countries from 1964 to
1975. This was the case in many eastern European countries for several years after 1986.
Scientists are putting the first spike down to the atomic bomb tests of the 1960s and 1970s where
radioactive atoms were blasted into the atmosphere. Air currents caught these atoms and then distributed
them around the world.
They think the second spike is due to the 1986 Chernobyl disaster in which the reactor exploded in
the Ukraine(乌克兰).
The effects of Chernobyl were felt locally and no effect was seen in the U. S., probably because it was
too far from the disaster to have an effect.
"The closer the country was to Chernobyl, the stronger the effect, " said study coauthor Hagen Scherb, a biostatistician(生物统计学家) at the German Research Center for Environmental Health in Munich.
More males were born relative to females in Belarus-the Ukraine"s neighbour-than in France.
The study is based largely on Cold Warera statistics, but the findings are highly relevant for how gender could be affected after future nuclear disasters.
And in the wake of Japan"s Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident experts are predicting
another baby boy boom could come, especially on the U. S. West Coast.
Previous radiation experiments on animals may give a clue for the increase in male births. Tests showed that radiation caused damage to the X chromosome(染色体) in sperm, Dr Scherb said.
A human sperm cell contains either an X or Y chromosome, while an egg only has an X chromosome. An XY combination will become a boy, while an XX combination will be a girl. | | 1. How many nuclear radiation accidents are mentioned in the passage? | A. 1.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 4. | | 2. Which of the following is true according to the passage? | A. The ontheground incidents like Chernobyl, effected birth gender across the globe.
B. There was an increase in the number of baby boys in many eastern European countries
for several years after 1986.
C. The Japan"s nuclear accident will not effect the birth gender of the U. S. because of the long distance.
D. Where radioactive material has spread, women can"t give birth to children | | 3. How does radiation effect birth gender? | A. It damages the Y chromosome in sperm.
B. It stops X chromosomes and Y chromosomes combining.
C. It kills baby girls before they are born.
D. It damages the X chromosome in sperm. | | 4. What does the passage mainly tell us? | A. Nuclear age has led to millions of fewer baby girls being born.
B. Nuclear radiation has bad effects upon people"s health.
C. Worries about radiation risks.
D. Nuclear age helps reduce the world population. | | 阅读理解。 | After the coming of Europeans to the Americas, Indians were forced to change their
way of life. Yet the influence of Native American culture is still felt throughout the United
States.Many of the foods commonly eaten in the United States today were first grown by
American Indians. Among these foods are corn, white and sweet potatoes, peanuts, pumpkins,
tomatoes, and certain beans and berries. Native Americans also discovered ways to use
herbs and other plants as medicines.
Native American inventions, such as canoes, ponchos and parkas（风雪衣），
hammocks（吊床）and snowshoes are still in use today. Other marks of Indian culture
were left in American place names. The state of Alaska, for example, takes its name from
a Native American word meaning“great land”.
Today nearly 1.5 million Native Americans live in the United States. Some still preserve
the ways of their ancestors, speaking Indian languages and keeping alive their legends,
art forms, and customs. Other Native Americans keep few of the old ways, but remain
proud of their people’s contributions to American history.
Americans have come to appreciate the beauty of Indian crafts（工艺）. Many artists
find inspiration in traditional Indian designs. Many Indian values, too, have become widely
held. Americans today believe that the land, air and water are precious resources (资源)
that must be carefully protected. As one government official wrote recently:We have
slowly come back to some of the truths that the Indians knew from the beginning. People
need to learn from nature, to keep an ear to the earth, and to refill their spirits in frequent
contacts with animals and wild land. | | 1. What does“Native Americans”refer to in the passage?______ | A. Europeans settling in the Americas.
B. People born and living in America.
C. American Indians.
D. Ancestors of Americans. | | 2. What influences Americans most according to the passage? | A. Agriculture of Native Americans.
B. Ancient Indian medicines.
C. Native American inventions.
D. I ndian languages. . | | 3. The underlined word “inspiration” (in Paragraph 5) means ______. | A. confidence
B. creative ideas
C. power
D. good advice | | 4. Which of the following best shows the Indian values? | A. Americans should preserve the ways of Indian ancestors.
B. Native Americans are still making contributions to American history.
C. The resources offered by nature should be carefully protected.
D. Native Americans knew the truths long before Americans do today |
|
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ggest Stone Age people 
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