题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
A small food store owner decided one day that keeping records of the inventory (存货) of his stock and the associated prices were an extremely laborious process, and so, in 1948, he contacted the The Drexel Institute of Technology in a bid to work towards a solution. Bernard Sliver rose to the challenge and set out to study the problem, and began working on a solution involving an automatic way of keeping track of items that had been sold. Silver and a group of students from the institute realized their answer in the form of ultraviolet light (紫外线), ink and a scanner.
The system worked initially, but possessed some negatives. It was incredibly costly to carry out on a large scale and the system was also unstable. If the invention was to become commonplace (寻常的事) in grocery stores, these two problems had to be solved.
The patent (专利)for the bar code system was filed by Sliver and one of his students, Woodland. The patent was not granted immediately; in fact it took three years for the patent agency to grand their invention patent for the barcode, occurring on 7th October, 1952.
Despite the patent being issued, the system was still not welcomed by the majority of store owners. It was not until 1966 that the system began moving its way into more and more grocery stores. This system was soon criticised, as there was no central mechanism for controlling uniformly coded items. In 1970, Logicorn developed the Universal Grocery Products Identification code (UGOIC), soon shortened to Universal Identification Number (UPC). It was Marsh’s superstore, in Troy, which was the very first store to install this complex barcode reading system, and its popularity has soared (升温) ever since, and is obviously now commonplace in all types of stores worldwide.
小题1:What is stressed in the second paragraph?
| A．The heavy work of store owners. |
| B．The function of ultraviolet light, ink and a scanner. |
| C．The origination of barcodes |
| D．Bernard Silver’s education background. |
| A．It was expensive to be applied on a large scale. |
| B．It was a laborious process. |
| C．The system was not stable. |
| D．It lacked a central mechanism. |
| A．To tell people that failure is the mother of success. |
| B．To praise scientists’ efforts in making people’s lives easier. |
| C．To describe shop owners’ opinions of barcodes. |
| D．To provide information about the development of barcodes. |
答案
小题1:C
小题2:B
小题3:D
解析
试题分析：文章主要讲述了条形码的起源，刚开始的系统缺陷及其后期不断的改进，最终能够被广大的商店主们运用的发展经历。
小题1:细节题。从第二自然段可知，一个店主觉得自己的商品的存货和价钱的标签匹配是非常费时的工作，所以决定发明一种解决方法，故只要是讲条码的起源，故选C
小题2:细节题。从It was incredibly costly to carry out on a large scale and the system was also unstable.和This system was soon criticised, as there was no central mechanism for controlling uniformly coded items. 可知他的系统有这三方面的缺陷，而只有能够解决繁琐的工作不是他的缺点，故选B
小题3:主旨题。文章主要讲述了条形码的起源，刚开始的系统缺陷及其后期不断的改进，最终能够被我们大家接受的这样的一个发展历程，故选D
点评：本文不难，结构清晰，题目设置合理。属于说明文中较容易的文体。说明文是历年高考很常见的文体，对于科技类的说明文比较难，而对于介绍事物的文体较容易。本文中，把握好是对条形码的历史发展的描述。同时，此类文章对于细节题，在对文章看懂了的基础再仔细对比选项和文章，即可得出答案。
核心考点
试题【Barcodes (条形码) aren’t given much thought by the majority of consumers, but these】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
More than a century ago workers were forced to deal with harsh conditions．They were paid very little and they often worked 10-to l2-hour days．Men, women and even small children were forced to work even when they were sick．Tired of long hours and dangerous conditions，workers began organizing themselves into labor unions．On top of fighting for higher pay and shorter workdays，they also fought for the rights of children．The workers wanted employers to place limits on the age of their workers so that small children were not overworked or hurt in factories．
A New York City carpenter named Peter McGuire is credited(获得赞誉) for coming up with the idea for Labor Day．In 1872，after working many hours under poor conditions, McGuire rallied 100,000 workers to go on strike．The workers marched through the streets of New York City，demanding a better work environment．McGuire spent a decade fighting for workers’ rights．In 1882，he proposed（提议）the idea to create a special holiday for workers．On Tuesday，September 5，1882, more than 10,000 workers hit the streets of New York City for the first ever Labor Day parade．Two years later the celebration was moved to the first Monday in September．And in 1894，Congress passed a law making Labor Day a national holiday．Americans celebrated the first Labor Day holiday with a parade，picnics and fireworks．
Today，many people hit the road to enjoy the last of their summer vacation．Others enjoy the long weekend with picnics，backyard barbecues or just rest and relaxation．However you spend Labor Day，remember that the holiday is a time to pay tribute (致敬)to the workers who have made America what it is today．
小题1:What do we know from Paragraph 1?
| A．Americans have more than a day off on Labor Day． |
| B．Many countries in the world celebrate Labor Day． |
| C．Labor Day has a deep meaning for American laborers． |
| D．Labor Day shows the social and economic power of America． |
| A．persuaded | B．supported | C．warned | D．gathered |
| A．There were about 100,000 workers in New York City in 1872． |
| B．Labor Day became a national holiday in 1884． |
| C．The idea for Labor Day was first put forward by McGuire in 1872． |
| D．The first ever Labor Day parade was held in 1882． |
| A．surprised | B．thankful | C．dissatisfied | D．terrified |
The main function of newspapers is to report news. Many newspapers also provide special information to readers, such as weather reports and television timetables. They also provide comments on politics, economics, arts and culture. Almost all newspapers depend on advertising to make money.
Nearly six out of ten adults in the United States and Canada read a newspaper every day. Seven out of ten read a paper each weekend. Readers search newspapers for de-tailed background information(背景资料)and analysis(分析). This is what television and radio news reports seldom offer. Newspapers tell readers what happened, and they also help readers understand what caused an event and how it will affect the world around them.
The workers at large newspaper companies work under a lot of pressure to bring news to readers as soon as possible. Reporters, photographers, artists, and editors collect articles in just a few hours. Page designers select articles, photos, advertisements, and eye-catching headlines to make the pages, and then rush their work to the printer. Printing workers may work overnight around printing presses to churn out more than 60,000 copies per hour.
小题1:Which is the best title for the passage?
| A．Production of Newspapers | B．Functions of Newspapers |
| C．Publication of Newspapers | D．An Introduction to Newspapers |
| A．China | B．Ancient Rome | C．Italy | D．Britain |
| A．Most adults in America and Canada read newspapers every day. |
| B．The importance of newspapers in people’s lives. |
| C．Newspapers offer readers detailed information. |
| D．The effects of newspapers on readers. |
| A．newspapers will become less popular because of the development of TV |
| B．few newspapers have no advertising |
| C．many adults in America read newspapers every day |
| D．people can read about many different issues in newspapers |
| A．press | B．produce | C．publish | D．sell |
小题1:What"s this passage about?
| A．France. | B．King Louis. |
| C．The French Revolution. | D．Europe. |
| A．The French Revolution broke out. |
| B．The national economy was developing rapidly. |
| C．The government wasn"t well run. |
| D．King Louis XIV was in power. |
| A．Put off. |
| B．Established. |
| C．United. |
| D．Ended. |
| A．July 14 has become the French National Day. |
| B．It brought some impact on the other European kings. |
| C．Louis"s wife, Marie was killed. |
| D．The king tried to control the national parliament. |
Treating disease by taking bathing has been popular for centuries. Modern medical bathing first became popular in Europe and by the late 1700’s has also become popular in the United States.
For many years frequent(经常的) bathing was believed to be bad for one’s health. Ordinary bathing just to keep clean was avoided, and perfume was often used to cover up body smells!
By the 1700’s doctors began to say that soap and water were good for health. They believed that it was good for people to be clean. Slowly, people began to bathe more frequently. During the Victorian Age of the late 19th century, taking a bath on Saturday night became common.
In the United States ordinary bathing was slow to become popular. During the 18th and early 19th centuries, many Americans were known as “The Great Unwashed!” In one American city, for example, a person was only allowed to take a bathe every thirty days! That was a law!
Frequency of bathing today is partly a matter of habit. People know that bathing for cleanliness is important to health, Doctors know that dirty bodies increase the chance of diseases. As a result, in the United States, people generally bathe often. Some people bath once a day at least. They consider a daily bath essential (="necessary)" to good health.
小题1: A water system for baths was built by _________ over 3,000 years ago.
| A．the Greeks | B．the Romans | C．the Americans | D．the Europeans |
| A．good for health | B．unimportant | C．harmful | D．important |
| A．a strange smelling substance | B．good health |
| C．a sweet smelling substance | D．large wealth |
| A．Everybody inAmericatakes a daily bath. |
| B．A bath a day keeps the doctor away. |
| C．Bathing has become easier and cheaper. |
| D．Taking baths has become popular in the world. |
In 1839, Kirkpatrick Macmillan, a Scottish blacksmith, invented a much better bicycle. Macmillan’s machine had iron-covered wheels to keep them from getting worn down. He also used foot-operated levers, similar to pedals, so his bicycle could be ridden at a quick pace. It didn’t look much like the modem bicycle, though, because its back wheel was substantially larger than its front wheel. Although Macmillan’s bicycles could be ridden easily, they were never produced in large numbers.
In 1861, Frenchman Pierre Michaux and his brother Ernest invented a bicycle with an improved pedal mechanism. They called their bicycle a velocipede，but most people called it a “bone shaker” because of the effect of the wood and iron frame. Despite the impolite nickname, the velocipede was a hit. After a few years, the Michaux family was making hundreds of the machines annually, mostly for fun-seeking young people.
Ten years later, James Starley , an English inventor, made several innovations that revolutionized bicycle design. He made the front wheel many times larger than the back wheel, put a gear on the pedals to make the bicycle more efficient，and lightened the wheels by using wire spokes. Although this bicycle was much lighter and less tiring to ride, it was still clumsy, extremely top-heavy，and ridden mostly for entertainment.
It wasn’t until 1874 that the first truly modern bicycle appeared on the scene. Invented by another Englishman, H. J. Lawson, the safety bicycle would look familiar to today’s cyclists. The safety bicycle had equal-sized wheels, which made it easier to ride. Lawson also attached a chain to the pedals to drive the back wheel. By 1893，the safety bicycle had been further improved with air-filled rubber tires, a diamond-shaped frame, and easy braking. With the improvements provided by Lawson; bicycles became extremely popular and useful for transportation. Today, they are built, used, and enjoyed all over the world.
小题1:This passage was most likely written in order to _____.
| A．compare bicycles used for different purposes |
| B．describe the problems early bicycle makers experienced |
| C．persuade readers to use bicycles for transportation |
| D．tell readers about the early history of the bicycle |
| A．add weight to the bicycle |
| B．make the bicycle easier to ride |
| C．allow the wheels to last longer |
| D．let the bicycle be more comfortable |
小题4:Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
| A．Two hundred years ago，bicycles did not exist. |
| B．The first bicycle could be ridden at a very quick pace. |
| C．The Michaux brothers called their bicycle a “bone shaker”. |
| D．Macmillan’s machine had wheels with rubber tires. |
| A．importance | B．time | C．place | D．Interest |
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