题目
题型:同步题难度:来源:
worldly-wise. Foreign travel is a national passion; this summer alone, one in 10 citizens will go abroad.
Exposed to higher standards of service elsewhere, Israelis are returning home expecting the same. American
firms have also begun arriving in large numbers. Chains such as KFC, McDonald"s and Pizza Hut are setting
a new standard of customer service, using strict employee training and constant monitoring to ensure the
friendliness of frontline staff. Even the American habit of telling departing customers to "Have a nice day"
has caught on. "Let"s be nicer", says Itsik Cohen, director of a consulting firm. "Nothing happens without
competition."
Privatization, or the threat of it, is a motivation as well. Monopolies that until recently have been free to
take their customers for granted now fear what Michael Perry, a marketing professor, calls "the revengeful
consumer". When the government opened up com- petition with Bezaq, the phone company, its international
branch lost 40% of its market share, even while offering competitive rates. Says Perry, "People wanted
revenge for all the years of bad service." The electric company, whose monopoly may be short-lived, has
suddenly stopped requiring users to wait half a day for a repairman. Now, appointments are scheduled to the
half hour. The graceless EIAI Airlines, which is already at auction, has retrained its employees to emphasize
service and is boasting about the results in an ad campaign with the slogan, "you can feel the change in the air."
For the first time, praise outnumbers complaints on customer survey sheets.
B. wealthy Israeli customers are hard to please
C. the tourist industry has brought chain stores to Israel
D. Israeli customers prefer foreign produce to domestic ones
B. unless foreign companies are introduced in greater numbers
C. if there"s no competition among companies
D. without strict routine training of employees
B. it"s no longer necessary to make an appointment
C. the appointment takes only half a day to make
D. they only have to wait half an hour at most
B. an ad campaign is a way out for enterprises in financial difficulty
C. a good slogan has great potential for improvement service
D. staff retraining is essential for better service
答案
核心考点
试题【阅读理解。 In recent years, Israeli consumers have grown more demanding as they"v】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
two people willingly act as part-time workers, enough hours between them to fulfill the duties of a full-time
worker. If they each work half the job, for example, they each receive 50 per cent of the job"s wages, its
holidays and its other benefits.
Job sharing differs from conventional (常规的) part-time work in that it occurs mainly in the more highly
skilled and professional areas, which require higher levels of responsibility and employee commitment. Job
sharing should not be confused with the term work sharing, which refers to increasing the number of jobs
by reducing the number of hours of each existing job, thus offering more positions to the growing number
of unemployed people. Job sharing, by contrast, is not designed to address unemployment problems; its
focus, rather, is to provide well-paid work for skilled workers and professionals who want more free time
for other activities.
As would be expected, most job sharers are women. A survey carded out in 1988 by Britain"s Equal
Opportunities Commission showed that 78 per cent of sharers were female, the majority of whom were
between 20 and 40 years of age Subsequent studies have come up with similar results. Many of these
women were re-entering the job market after having had children, but they chose not to seek part-time
work because it would have meant lower status. Job sharing also offered an acceptable shift back into
full-time work after a long absence.
The necessity of close cooperation when sharing a job with another person makes the actual work
quite different from conventional one-position jobs. However, to ensure a greater chance that the partnership
will succeed, each person needs to know the strengths, weaknesses and preferences of his or her partner
before applying for a position. Moreover, there must be a fair division of both routine tasks and interesting
ones. In sum, for a position to be job-shared well, the two individuals must be well matched and must treat
each other as equals.
B. Work sharing is aimed at creating more jobs.
C. Work sharing provides a more satisfactory salary.
D. Work sharing depends on the employer"s decision.
because _____.
B. they were over ideal working ages
C. they had difficulty finding full-time jobs
D. they had to take care of both work and family
B. have similar work experience
C. keep in touch with each other
D. know each other very well
B. discuss how to provide more jobs
C. recommend job sharing to women
D. compare job sharing with work sharing
apartment. Supporters of rent control argue that it protects people who are living in apartments. Their rent
cannot increase; therefore, they are not in danger of losing their homes. However, the critics say that after
a long time, rent control may have negative effects. Landlords know that they cannot increase their profits.
Therefore, they invest in other businesses where they can increase their profits. They do not invest in new
buildings which would also be rentcontrolled. As a result, new apartments are not built. Many people who
need apartments cannot find any. According to the critics, the end result of rent control is a shortage of
apartments in the city.
Some theorists argue that the minimum wage law can cause problems in the same way. The federal
government sets the minimum that an employer must pay workers. The minimum helps people who generally
look for unskilled, low-paying jobs; However, if the minimum is high, employers may hire fewer workers.
They will replace workers with machinery. Therefore, other things being equal, the number of workers that
employers want decreases. Thus, critics hold the opinion that an increase in the minimum wage may cause
unemployment. Some poor people may find themselves without jobs instead of with jobs at the minimum
wage.
Supporters of the minimum wage say that it helps people keep their dignity. Because of the law, workers
cannot sell their services for less than the minimum. Furthermore, employers cannot force workers to accept
jobs at unfair wages.
Economic theory predicts the results of economic decisions such as decisions about farm production,
rent control and the minimum wage. The predictions may be correct only if "other things are equal".
Economists do not agree on some of the predictions. They also do not agree on the value of different decisions.
Some economists support a particular decision while others criticize it. Economists do agree, however, that
there are no simple answers to economic questions.
B. discourage the renting of apartments as homes
C. reduce the shortage of apartments
D. result in a shortage of apartments
B. will likely bring about undesired results
C. will bring positive effects in the long run
D. is necessary under all circumstances
B. the workers are unskilled
C. the minimum wage is set too high
D. people need low-paying jobs
B. the urgency of getting rid of government controls
C. the relationship between supply and demand
D. the possible results of government controls
B. predicting the results of economic decisions is something complicated
C. minimum wage can not protect employees
D. economists usually have the same prediction about an economic decision
people go even more often. Why? For one thing, malls offer goods and services that people need all in one
place: food, clothing, things for their houses, entertainment, even medical services. So, are malls one of the
highlights of modern civilization? Environmental activists would say No! They would go even further and
say that consumer behavior is causing a huge environmental disaster. They cause consumers of ignorance
of the side effect of their shopping-urban sprawl (扩大).
Social scientists agree that patterns of development have changed the landscape a great deal in the last
half century. Prior to 1950, most people lived in towns or cities and either walked to work or took public
transportation. Only very wealthy people had automobiles. Farmers lived in rural areas or isolated villages
and came into town only when they needed things they couldn"t produce themselves. If you gazed at the
landscape you would see towns surrounded by countryside. Then a massive change occurred.
Automobiles became affordable and people were quick to adopt them. Now ambitious workers could live
in the suburbs, the areas just outside cities, which started to grow rapidly. As long as there was lots of cheap
land in the suburbs, no one paid much attention to the usage of that land. Malls, fast food restaurants, cinemas,
and car dealerships spread out in large, flat buildings. These one-storey buildings and their parking lot took up
a great deal space. Well-meaning farmers thought they were better off selling their land than growing crops.
In ignorance, no one realized that once the land was built up in urban sprawl, the good farming land would
be ruined forever. There was no way to preserve it.
Only in recent years have people come to mourn the old way of life as they have developed insight into the
problems of unconditional grows. Now people realize that urban sprawl has come with serious environmental
problems. The negative aspects of sprawl include air and water pollution, loss of agricultural land, traffic jams,
and the death of businesses in the old town centers. Many scholars think the time has come to analyze the
problems better so we can develop appropriate policies to control further sprawl. Some think the best way to
do is to educate citizens about their priceless environment.
B. Urban Sprawl.
C. New Automobiles.
D. Isolated Villages.
B. Activists.
C. Farmers.
D. Scientists.
B. Shopping mall owners.
C. Unthinking shoppers.
D. Ambitious farmers.
B. Follow customary policies.
C. Start school in shopping mails.
D. Charge polluters a lot of money.
A. Respectful.
B. Disapproving.
C. Pessimistic.
D. Doubtful.
easy that it takes great willpower for people to refuse it. "I received a number of gold MasterCard and gold
Visa card offers in the mail during the past two months," said one computer engineer at AT&T Bell
Laboratories in Chicago. "I got three of them in one day last week."
Lenders are providing easy credit (信贷) for borrowers. Many banks now offer every borrower a great
variety of credit, a service once offered almost only to big companies. Norwest Bank Minneapolis offers
lending programs for cars and boats that can cut monthly payments nearly in half. Carmakers, too, are
lengthening easier terms. Ford Motor Credit states that 45% of its recent lending has been for sixty months,
rather than the thirty-six-month period that was usual before.
The total consumer debt (债务) in the United States rose 173 percent between 1974 and 1984, as the
debt for each man, woman, and child increased from $10, 264 to $26, 566. Huge debt now is present in our
economy (经济) at all levels. As a nation, we are more than $7 trillion in debt, and the total keeps increasing
astonishingly.
As we have over-borrowed, so have we overspent. In late 1986, the share of after-tax income that
Americans saved sank below 2 percent for a short time, less than half the figure at which we saved only
10 years ago. Americans now are buying from foreigners between about $50 and $100 billion more Mercedes
and Toyotas, Paris fashions, and tours to Europe than the Boeing 747s, agriculture machinery, or Kansas
wheat that the foreigners bought from America The country could not produce and pay for all the things it
wanted.
To make a long story short, we Americans have serious problems in keeping down spending and keeping
up personal savings. It is high time for us American people to learn the basics of long-term money
management.
B. It is easy for Americans to manage their debts.
C. Borrowing money has become a simple matter.
D. Americans have more extra money than before.
B. encourage people to buy foreign cars
C. make better use of its money
D. attract more customers
B. Advising people on what to buy.
C. Limiting the use of credit cards.
D. Reducing average incomes.
B. A healthy society has to learn to live within its means.
C. People"s income determines their money management.
D. Government should prevent people from over-borrowing.
so easy that it takes great willpower for people to refuse it. "I received a number of gold MasterCard and gold Visa card offers in the mail during the past two months," said one computer engineer at AT&T Bell
Laboratories in Chicago. "I got three of them in one day last week."
Lenders are providing easy credit (信贷) for borrowers. Many banks now offer every borrower a
great variety of credit, a service once offered almost only to big companies. Norwest Bank Minneapolis
offers lending programs for cars and boats that can cut monthly payments nearly in half. Carmakers, too,
are lengthening easier terms. Ford Motor Credit states that 45% of its recent lending has been for sixty
months, rather than the thirty-six-month period that was usual before.
The total consumer debt (债务) in the United States rose 173 percent between 1974 and 1984, as
the debt for each man, woman, and child increased from $10, 264 to $26, 566. Huge debt now is
present in our economy (经济) at all levels. As a nation, we are more than $7 trillion in debt, and the
total keeps increasing astonishingly.
As we have over-borrowed, so have we overspent. In late 1986, the share of after-tax income that
Americans saved sank below 2 percent for a short time, less than half the figure at which we saved only
10 years ago. Americans now are buying from foreigners between about $50 and $100 billion more
Mercedes and Toyotas, Paris fashions, and tours to Europe than the Boeing 747s, agriculture machinery,
or Kansas wheat that the foreigners bought from America The country could not produce and pay for all
the things it wanted.
To make a long story short, we Americans have serious problems in keeping down spending and
keeping up personal savings. It is high time for us American people to learn the basics of long-term
money management.
B. It is easy for Americans to manage their debts.
C. Borrowing money has become a simple matter.
D. Americans have more extra money than before.
B. encourage people to buy foreign cars
C. make better use of its money
D. attract more customers
B. Advising people on what to buy.
C. Limiting the use of credit cards.
D. Reducing average incomes.
B. A healthy society has to learn to live within its means.
C. People"s income determines their money management.
D. Government should prevent people from over-borrowing.
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