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Communication technologies are far from equal when it comes to conveying the truth. The first study to compare honesty across a range of communications media has found that people are twice as likely to tell lies in phone conversations as they are in emails. The fact that emails are automatically recorded—and can come back to haunt(困扰) you—appears to be the key to the finding.
Jeff Hancock of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, asked 30 students to keep a communications diary for a week. In it they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges they had lasting more than 10 minutes, and confessed to how many lies they told. Hancock then worked out the number of lies per conversation for each medium. He found that lies made up 14 percent of emails, 21 percent of instant messages, 27 percent of face-to-face interactions and an astonishing 37 percent of phone calls.
His results, to be presented at the conference on human-computer interaction in Vienna, Austria, in April, have surprised psychologists. Some expected emailers to be the biggest liars, reasoning that because deception makes people uncomfortable, the detachment(非直接接触) of emailing would make it easier to lie. Others expected people to lie more in face-to-face exchanges because we are most practiced at that form of communication.
But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread, and whether it occurs in real time. People appear to be afraid to lie when they know the communication could later be used to hold them to account, he says. This is why fewer lies appear in email than on the phone.
People are also more likely to lie in real time—in an instant message or phone call, say—than if they have time to think of a response, says Hancock. He found many lies are spontaneous(脱口而出的) responses to an unexpected demand, such as: “Do you like my dress?”
Hancock hopes his research will help companies work out the best ways for their employees to communicate. For instance, the phone might be the best medium for sales where employees are encouraged to stretch the truth. But given his result, work assessment, where honesty is a priority, might be best done using email.
66. Hancock’s study focuses on ________.
A. the consequences of lying in various communications media
B. the success of communications technologies in conveying ideas
C. people’s preference in selecting communications technologies
D. people’s honesty levels across a range of communications media
67. Hancock’s research finding surprised those who believed that ________.
A. people are less likely to lie in instant messages
B. people are unlikely to lie in face-to-face interactions
C. people are most likely to lie in email communication
D. people are twice as likely to lie in phone conversations
68. According to the passage, why are people more likely to tell the truth through certain media of communication?
A. They are afraid of leaving behind traces of their lies
B. They believe that honesty is the best policy
C. They tend to be relaxed when using those media
D. They are most practiced at those forms of communication
69. According to Hancock, the telephone is a preferable medium for promoting sales because ________.
A. salesmen can talk directly to their customers
B. salesmen may feel less restrained to exaggerate
C. salesmen can impress customers as being trustworthy
D. salesmen may pass on instant messages effectively
70. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A. honesty should be encouraged in interpersonal communications
B. more employers will use emails to communicate with their employees
C. email is now the dominant medium of communication within a company
D. suitable media should be chosen for different communication purposes
答案

小题1:D
小题2:C
小题3:A
小题4:B
小题5:C
解析
        
核心考点
试题【Communication technologies are far from equal when it comes to conveying the tru】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
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第四部分阅读理解(共15个小题,每小题1分,满分15分)
In the western part of the United States where the Indians lived, a little mouse called the “bean mouse” became a guide to rich stores of good and tasty difficult-to-find food. Each season, the little animal would work very hard to search out the rare beans, and “cache” them away in its nest (窝). The Indians learned of this and found out the hiding place. They collected most of the beans for themselves. When the mouse returned to its home and found only a few of the tasty beans left, it set to work, harder than ever before, gathering more beans. This was a fine thing for the Indians, who had only to look for the nest, while the mouse had to look for the beans. But the Indians returned the favour (恩惠,善意) by always making sure that the animal had enough for the winter.
61. The Indians valued the bean mouse _________.
A. as a guide to food                                     B. as fertile (肥沃的) land
C. because it made a good pet                              D. because its fur was valuable
62. The underlined word “cache” means _______.
A. throw them in every place                      B. place them in a hiding place for later use
C. put them in its home                                 D. lay them under the mud
63. The passage says that the bean mouse was ________.
A. fearless               B. friendly                    C. rare                     D. hard-working
64. The Indians are shown to be ________.
A. clever                 B. hard-working        C. unkind                D. educated
65. The best title for this passage is _________.
A. Man’s Best Friend                                   B. Habits of the Bean Mouse
C. A Search of Rare Beans                              D. The Indians and the Mouse
题型:不详难度:| 查看答案

Waterland, California, June 26,2001—two cars dropped from sight, falling into the bottom (底部) of a 400-feet deep sinkhole (陷洞) which appeared suddenly. At a town 12 miles from Waterland, two bedrooms of one house dropped into a hole 60 feet across and 35 feet deep part of the next house hung dangerously over the hole.
Sinkholes have been happening without warning in this part of California for years. So far there is no way to predict (预告) when or where one will appear. But when one does, others usually follow in the same area, usually along a straight line.
The worst sinkhole in recent appeared in 1996. It was 70 feet across and 150 feet deep. It destroyed in one house, damaged several others and broke the walls of a city block. One hole, 15-feet deep, opened up this year in the middle of a highway, 19 seconds after a car had driven by. Others in the same area took place at night damaging houses, swallowing up trees and parts of streets and making 23 frightened people run away from their homes in night clothes.
Sinkholes happen when the weather is dry. The earth at the surface begins to drop into empty space under the ground, like sand falling in huge hourglass (沙漏). This is how a sinkhole is formed.
71. From the text we know sinkhole do not happen ______.
A. during the period of wet weather              B. in a straight line
C. in the dry season                            D. at night
72. When one sinkhole appears, others usually follow ________.
A. everywhere                                  B. on straight highway only
C. nearby                                     D. in the places far away
73. Sinkholes take place because ________.
A. there are large holes under houses    
B. Waterland has an underground lake
C. there are too many heavy things on the surface of the earth
D. dry earth moves and fills underground holes
74. Which of the following is not talked about in the text?
A. Sinkholes cause car accidents                    B. Sinkholes destroy houses
C. Sinkholes kill people                               D. Sinkholes damage streets
75. This text mainly tells us that ________.
A. sinkholes always happen without any warning
B. sinkholes have been happening in the Waterland area, causing some damage
C. even drivers cannot keep away from sinkholes
D. why a sinkhole happens and how its name has been formed
题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
Scientists say they have found key clues(线索)into how long we will live. One of them is a firm __21___. British researchers believe a firm strong handshake is not just a __22___ of confidence but also an indicator of a long life. Lead author Dr Rachel Cooper of University College London said her study looked __23___ 33 different reports on the __24___ of handshakes. The research involved more than 50,000 men and women and __25___ 40 years. Dr Cooper concluded that __26___ with weaker handshakes were 70 per cent more likely to die earlier than those with the __27___ handshakes. She concludes that people with a firm strong handshake __28___ from a happy childhood that __29___ a healthy diet and __30___ of exercise.
The new study, __31___ in the British Medical Journal, also found other signs of living a longer life. These "measures of __32___ capability" include walking at a faster pace, getting out of a chair quickly, and being able to __33___ on one leg. The study showed that slow walkers were almost three times __34___ to die at a younger age than those who walked quickly and actively. Those who __35___ to get up from their armchairs were twice as likely to die earlier than those who sprang __36___ their chairs. Dr Cooper believes there __37___ more research into the link  __38___ physical capability and a long life. “Research that helps people to __39___ a long and healthy life is ever more important to help provide for an ageing __40___.” she said.
小题1:
A.childhoodB.relationshipC.hardshipD.handshake
小题2:
A.signB. symbolC.tripD.sigh
小题3:
A.atB.intoC.toD.on
小题4:
A.strength B. lengthC.likelinessD.confidence
小题5:
A.last B. pastC.lastedD.passed
小题6:
A.womenB.they C.thoseD.men
小题7:
A.weakerB.strongestC.weakest D.strong
小题8:
A.must benefit B.could have livedC.should comeD.may have benefited
小题9:
A.concludedB. consistedC.includedD.including
小题10:
A.plentifulB.plentyC.a number D.the number
小题11:
A.publishedB. being publishedC.publishingD.having published
小题12:
A.physicianB.physicsC.physiologyD.physical
小题13:
A.standB.balanceC.live D.shake
小题14:
A.likelyB.likelierC.likelihoodD.liking
小题15:
A.wanted B. hopedC.struggledD.were dying
小题16:
A.out ofB. in front of C.ahead ofD.away from
小题17:
A.needs to beB. need to beC.ought to beD.must be
小题18:
A.fromB.amongC.betweenD.beneath
小题19:
A.benefitB. involveC.make D.enjoy
小题20:
A.popularityB. pollution C.populationD.publication

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
America is a mobile society. Friendships between Americans can be close and real, yet disappear soon if situations change. Neither side feels hurt by this. Both may exchange Christmas greetings for a year or two, perhaps a few letters for a while — then no more. If the same two people meet again by chance, even years later, they pick up the friendship. This can be quite difficult for us Chinese to understand, because friendships between us flower more slowly but then may become lifelong feelings, extending (延伸) sometimes deeply into both families.
Americans are ready to receive us foreigners at their homes, share their holidays, and their home life. They will enjoy welcoming us and be pleased if we accept their hospitality (好客) easily.
Another difficult point for us Chinese to understand Americans is that although they include us warmly in their personal everyday lives, they don’t show their politeness to us if it requires a great deal of time. This is usually the opposite of the practice in our country where we may be generous with our time. Sometimes, we, as hosts, will appear at airports even in the middle of the night to meet a friend. We may take days off to act as guides to our foreign friends. The Americans, however, express their welcome usually at homes, but truly can not manage the time to do a great deal with a visitor outside their daily routine. They will probably expect us to get ourselves from the airport to our own hotel by bus. And they expect that we will phone them from there. Once we arrive at their homes, the welcome will be full, warm and real. We will find ourselves treated hospitably.
For the Americans, it is often considered more friendly to invite a friend to their homes than to go to restaurants, except for purely business matters. So accept their hospitality at home!
小题1: The writer of this passage must be ______.
A.an AmericanB.a Chinese
C.a professorD.a student
小题2:Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A.Friendships between Americans usually extend deeply into their families.
B.Friendships between Americans usually last for all their lives.
C.Americans always show their warmth even if they are very busy.
D.Americans will continue their friendships again even after a long break.
小题3:From the last two paragraphs we can learn that when we arrive in America to visit an American friend, we will probably be ______.
A.warmly welcomed at the airport
B.offered a ride to his home
C.treated hospitably at his home
D.treated to dinner in a restaurant
小题4:The underlined words  “generous with our time” in Paragraph 3 probably mean ______.
A.strict with timeB.serious with time
C.careful with timeD.willing to spend time
小题5:A suitable title for this passage would probably be “______”.
A.Friendships between Chinese
B.Friendships between Americans
C.Americans’ hospitality
D.Americans’ and Chinese’s views of friendships

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
In England three foreign gentlemen came to a bus stop. They studied the information on the post sign and decided which bus to take. About five minutes later the bus they wanted came along. They prepared to get on. Suddenly people rushed onto the bus and tried to push them out of the way. Someone shouted insulting remarks about the foreigners. The bus conductor   came rushing down the stairs to see what all the trouble was about. The three foreign gentlemen looked puzzled and ashamed. No one had told them about the British custom of lining up for a bus so that the first person who arrived at a bus-stop is the first person to get on the bus.
Learning the language of a country isn’t enough. If you want to ensure a pleasant visit, find out as much as possible about the manners and customs of your hosts. You will probably be surprised just how different they can be from your own. A visitor to India would do well to remember that people there consider it impolite to use the left hand for passing food at table. The left hand is supposed to be used for washing yourself. Also in India, you might see a man apparently(显然地)shaking his head at another and assume (认为) that he is disagreeing. But in many parts of India a rotating (旋转) movement of the head is a gesture that express agreement or acceptance. Nodding your head when offered a drink in Bulgaria is likely to leave you thirsty. In that country you shake your head to express “yes” — a nod means “no”.
In Europe it is quite usual to cross your legs when sitting talking to someone, even at an important meeting. Doing this when meeting an important person in Thailand, however, could cause offence (冒犯). It is considered too informal an attitude for such an occasion. Also when in Thailand avoid touching the head of an adult — it’s just not done.
Attitudes to women vary considerably(相当地)around the world. In Japan, for example, it is quite usual for men to plan evening entertainments for themselves and leave their wives at home.
Knowing about customs and attitudes is useful when you are travelling, but you also need to know the language used to express different degrees of formality (礼节).
小题1:The three foreign gentlemen looked puzzled and ashamed because __________________.
A.they didn’t know the English language
B.someone called their names
C.they didn’t know the custom of lining up for a bus
D.they knocked someone down while getting on the bus
小题2: According to the passage, which attitude to women is usual in Japan?
A.Men always go to parties with women.
B.Men plan evening entertainments for their wives.
C.Men and women have equal rights to go to parties.
D.Men plan evening entertainments for themselves, while their wives stay home.
小题3:What’s the meaning of the underlined word “insulting” in Para. 1 ?
A.善意的B.咨询的C.商量的D.无礼的
小题4: From the passage, we know that shaking head means Yes in ______________.
A.India and ThailandB.India and Bulgaria
C.Bulgaria and ThailandD.Thailand and Japan
小题5:The underlined sentence “Nodding your head when offered a drink in Bulgaria is likely to leave you thirsty.” means ____________.
A.It’s probably that you are thirsty if you nod your head
B.You’re possibly eager to have a drink if you nod your head
C.You probably refuse to drink when you nod your head
D.You’d like to have a cup of tea because you nod your head

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
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