题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
Drayton believes that anyone can become an agent for change. The important thing is to simply give yourself permission. If you see a problem that you care about, you can help solve it. The young in particular are willing to accept this concept because at heart every child wants to grow into a happy, healthy, contributing adult. In fact It is many young people"s ambition to set up programmes or businesses that improve social conditions. An excellent example is an Ashoka project started in 1995 in Dhaka, which handled the rubbish problem facing the city ,helped local farmers and provided an income for poor people there .
When Masqsood and Iftekhar began to study the problem of all the uncollected rubbish that lay in Dhaka’s streets,Attracting tats and disease , they discovered that 80% of it was natural waste . So they educated the poor people in the city to compost (把……制成堆粪)this waste . They knew that they would have a market for the end product because local farmers were struggling with chemical ferntilisers (化肥) which were expensive and had reduced the natural minerals in the soil over the years . At first , they were refused ,but once they were able to persuade them that there was money to be made , the project took off. In 2009 sales were $14,000.
Drayton is optimistic that in ten years Ashoka will be making really serious ,practical progress in bringing about social change by changing the way we look at economic development.
小题1:Which of the following could be the best title for the passage?
| A．changemakers | B．Businessmen |
| C．Social Conditions | D．Rubbish Problem |
| A．the local farmers | B．Masqsood and Iftekhar |
| C．Drayton and his team | D．the poor people in Dhaka |
| A．considers Drayton"s concept |
| B．gets permission from Ashoka |
| C．tries to improve social conditions |
| D．is a young, happy and healthy adult |
| A．changing | B．forgiving | C．cautious | D．Positive |
答案
小题1:A
小题2:D
小题3:C
小题4:D
解析
试题分析：这篇文章介绍了Bill Drayton创办的一个组织，旨在对抗贫困疾病，提高教育，鼓励小产业。并具体介绍了Ashoka在1995年在Dhaka解决垃圾问题所取得的成就。
小题1:标题确定题：根据文章第一段的内容：Ashoka provides money for the world"s most promising "changemakers" seeking to solve (解决) urgent problems and would like to create a world in which every citizen is a changemaker.可知这篇文章介绍了Bill Drayton创办的一个组织，旨在对抗贫困疾病，提高教育，鼓励小产业。为了让每个人都变成“changemakers”，所以选A
小题2:猜词题：根据第三段的内容：So they educated the poor people in the city to compost (把……制成堆粪)this waste .可知Ashoka鼓励当地的穷人将垃圾变成堆肥，可以卖给购买昂贵的化肥当地农民，有人接受，但是有人拒绝，所以这里they指的是“当地的穷人”。所以选D。
小题3:细节题：根据文章第二段的第四行的句子：In fact It is many young people"s ambition to set up programmes or businesses that improve social conditions.可知每个人都能成为“changemaker”，只要他们努力提高社会状况，选C
小题4:推理题：根据文章的内容：可知作者介绍Ashoka项目的宗旨，它对于促进社会进步的做法和措施，并具体介绍了Ashoka在1995年在Dhaka解决垃圾问题所取得的成就，还有从最后一段可以看出作者对于Ashoka这个项目是乐观的，所以选D
核心考点
试题【You may not have heard of Ashoka, but for the past 27 years,this association, 】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
With existing medical knowledge and skills, two-thirds of the world’s 42 million blind should not have to suffer. Unfortunately, rich countries posses most of this knowledge, while developing countries do not.
ORBIS is an international non-profit organization which operates the world’s only flying teaching eye hospital. ORBIS intends to help fight blindness worldwide. Inside a DC-8 aircraft, there is a fully-equipped teaching hospital with television studio and classroom. Doctors are taught the latest techniques of bringing sight back to people there. Project ORBIS also aims at promoting peaceful cooperation(合作) among countries.
ORBIS tries to help developing countries by providing training during three-week medical programs. ORBIS has taught sight-saving techniques to over 35,000 doctors and nurses, who continue to cure tens of thousands of blind people every year. ORBIS has conducted 17 plane programs is China so far. For the seven to ten million blind in China ORBIS is planning to do more for them. At the moment an ORBIS is working on a long-term plan to develop a training center and to provide eye care service to Shanxi Province. ORBIS needs your help to continue their work and free people from blindness.
For just US$38,you can help one person see; for $380 you can bring sight to 10 people; $1,300 helps teach a doctor new skills; and for $13,000 you can provide a training programme for a group of doctors who can make thousands of blind people see again. Your money can open their eyes to the world. Please help ORBIS improve the quality of life for so many people less fortunate than ourselves.
小题1:The first paragraph is intended to ______.
| A．introduce a new way of reading |
| B．advise the public to lead a simple life |
| C．direct the public’s attention to the blind |
| D．Encourage the public to use imagination |
| A．They are adequate | B．They have not been updated. |
| C．They are not equally distributed | D．They have benefited most of the blind |
| A．teaching medical students | B．training doctors and nurses |
| C．running flying hospitals globally | D．setting up non-profit organization |
| A．Appeal for donations | B．Make an advertisement |
| C．Promote training programs | D．Show sympathy for the blind |
| A．ORRIS in China | B．Fighting Blindness |
| C．ORRIS Flying Hospital | D．Sight-seeing Techniques |
However, at the back of the minds of many people, especially those who missed the “good old days”, efficiency comes with a price. When communication becomes efficient, people are able to contact one another no matter where they are and at whatever time they wish to. The click of a button allows people miles apart to talk or to see each other without even leaving their homes. With the communication gadgets, such as mobile phones and ipads, people often do not take the effect to visit one another personally. A personal visit carries with it the additional feature of having to be in the person’s presence for as long as the visit lasts. We cannot unnecessarily excuse our selves or turn the other person off.
With efficiency also comes mass production. Such is the nature of factories and the success of industrialization today. Factories have improved efficiency. Unskillful tasks are left to machines and products are better made and produced with greater accuracy than any human hand could ever have done. However, with the improvements in efficiency also comes the loss of the personal touch when making these products. For example, many handcrafts(手工艺品) are now produced in a factory. Although this means that supply is better able to increase demand, now that the supply is quick and efficient, the demand might fall because mass production lowers the quality of the handicraft and it is difficult to find unique designs on each item.
Nevertheless, we must not commit the mistake of analyzing progress only from one point of view. In fact, progress has allowed tradition to keep up. It is only with progress and the invention of new technology that many old products can be brought back to their old state. New technology is required for old products to stay old.
It is people’s attitude towards progress that causes the type of influence that technology has on society. Technology is flexible. There is no fixed way of making use of it. Everything depends on people’s attitude. The worst effects of progress will fall on those who are unable to rethink their attitudes and views of society. When we accept progress and adapt it to suit our needs, a new “past” is created.
小题1:According to Paragraph 1, progress can benefit people when they are willing to _______.
| A．live a better life |
| B．look for better methods |
| C．change ways of living |
| D．accept technology and advance steadily |
| A．tools | B．messages | C．barriers | D．skills |
| A．describing a process | B．using examples |
| C．following time order | D．making classification |
| A．lack great accuracy | B．lack the personal touch |
| C．are of high value | D．are quite welcome |
| A．It can destroy old traditions. |
| B．It can lead to social progress. |
| C．It can be used to correct mistakes. |
| D．It can be used to preserve old products. |
| A．Progress can suit the needs of daily life. |
| B．People review the past with great regret. |
| C．Technology should be introduced in a fixed way. |
| D．People’s attitude decides the use of technology. |
Many kinds of birds are very successful at fooling other animals. For example, a bird called the plover sometimes pretends to be hurt in order to protect its young. When a predator（猎食动物）gets close to its nest, the plover leads the predator away from the nest. How? It pretends to have a broken wing. The predator follows the "hurt" adult, leaving the baby birds safe in the nest.
Another kind of bird, the scrub jay, buries its food so it always has something to eat. Scrub jays are also thieves. They watch where others bury their food and steal it. But clever scrub jays seem to know when a thief is watching them. So they go back later, unbury the food, and bury it again somewhere else.
Birds called cuckoos have found a way to have babies without doing much work. How? They don"t make nests. Instead, they get into other birds" nests secretly. Then they lay their eggs and fly away. When the baby birds come out, their adoptive parents feed them.
Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky. After a fight, the losing chimp will give its hand to the other. When the winning chimp puts out its hand, too, the chimps are friendly again. But an animal expert once saw a losing chimp take the winner"s hand and start fighting again.
Chimps are sneaky in other ways, too. When chimps find food that they love, such as bananas, it is natural for them to cry out. Then other chimps come running. But some clever chimps learn to cry very softly when they find food. That way, other chimps don"t hear them, and they don"t need to share their food.
As children, many of us learn the saying "You can"t fool Mother Nature." But maybe you can"t trust her, either.
小题1:A plover protects its young from a predator by______.
| A．getting closer to its young |
| B．driving away the adult predator |
| C．leaving its young in another nest |
| D．pretending to be injured |
| A．chimps are ready to attack others |
| B．chimps are sometimes dishonest |
| C．chimps are jealous of the winners |
| D．chimps can be selfish too |
| A．Some chimps lower their cry to keep food away from others. |
| B．The losing chimp won the fight by taking the winner"s hand. |
| C．Cuckoos fool their adoptive parents by making no nests. |
| D．Some clever scrub jays often steal their food back. |
| A．Do animals lie? |
| B．Does Mother Nature fool animals? |
| C．How do animals learn to lie? |
| D．How does honesty help animals survive? |
A
Like many other parts of our lives today, education has become a global enterprise. In microcosm(微观世界), my school is proof of just how global. Monkseaton High School is an ordinary state-funded school of 850 students in the unfashionable part of northeastern England. Over the past seven years it has sent 12 students to American universities --- two of them to Harvard. Monkseaton has, in turn, attracted students from other countries, including Germany and Latvia. Monkseaton now almost routinely receives inquiries from students in Eastern European countries. Obviously, learning English is a big draw, but his pattern of student movement was unheard of five years ago.
The brain drain is a universal phenomenon, and countries that don’t face up to the new reality will be losing some of their most precious resources. The northeast of England is its poorest region, and has experienced a severe loss of highly qualified professionals-to-be. Some of the most able 18-year-olds are going to other parts of Britain, even to other countries. What is happening here is happening to Britain as a whole. Most noticeably, there is a growing trend of British students taking degrees in American universities. This year the number will break the psychological barrier of 1,000 students for the first time.
And what is happening at the secondary-school level is happening to higher education. Wherever they come from, today’s students have a very different perspective on education from their parents. Because of television, the Internet and their travels, these students see the world as a much smaller place than their parents once did. They are more confident in accepting the challenge of moving from one country to another, from one culture to another; in many cases they can even apply to schools over the Internet. Students are also more aware of the overall cost of education and are looking for value for money. Plus, for many, education linked to travel is a better option than education at home.
小题1: Why does the author say education has become a global enterprise?
| A．Monkseaton High School used to be a very unfashionable school in the Northeast England. |
| B．Monkseaton High School is now one of the state-funded middle schools in England. |
| C．Monkseaton High School has sent two top students to the Harvard University in U.S. |
| D．There is now an extensive exchange of students among different countries. |
| A．It is one of the poorest regions in England. |
| B．It has experienced a severe loss of professionals. |
| C．It will face a more serious brain drain in the near future. |
| D．It is losing its young talents to other parts of the world. |
| A．education linked to travel is much better than education at home |
| B．overall cost of education should be considered against money value |
| C．moving from one culture to another is a welcomed challenge |
| D．the Internet is more popular and easier to access in the near future |
| A．they are having more exposure to the television programs |
| B．they are having easier access to the Internet |
| C．they are having frequent travels to the other parts of the world |
| D．they are having better communication with their parents |
| A．tell us the benefit of globalization of education |
| B．analyze the causes for students’ moving trend in Great Britain |
| C．criticize the universal phenomenon of brain drain worldwide |
| D．draw attention to students’ moving from one country to another |
Accountability isn’t hard to define. It means that every person is responsible for his or her actions and liable for their consequences.
Of the many values that hold civilization together --- honesty, kindness, and so on --- accountability may be the most important of all. Without it, there can be no respect, no trust, no law --- and, ultimately, no society.
My job as a police officer is to impose accountability on people who refuse, or have never learned, to impose it on themselves. But as every policeman knows, external controls on people’s behavior are far less effective than internal restraints such as guilt, shame and embarrassment.
Fortunately there are still communities --- smaller towns, usually --- where schools maintain discipline and where parents hold up standards that declare: “In this family certain things are not tolerated --- they simply are not done!”
Yet more and more, especially in our larger cities and suburbs, these inner restraints are loosening. Your typical robber has none. He considers your property his property; he takes what he wants, including your life if you annoy him.
The main cause of this breakdown is a radical shift in attitudes. Thirty years ago, if a crime was committed, society was considered the victim. Now, in a shocking reversal, it’s the criminal who is considered victimized: by his underprivileged (被剥夺基本社会权利的) upbringing, by the school that didn’t teach him to read, by the church that failed to reach him with moral guidance, by the parents who didn’t provide a stable home.
I don’t believe it. Many others in equally disadvantaged circumstances choose not to engage in criminal activities. If we free the criminal, even partly, from accountability, we become a society of endless excuses where no one accepts responsibility for anything. We in America desperately need more people who believe that the person who commits a crime is the one responsible for it..
小题1:What the wise man said suggests that it’s __________.
| A．unnecessary for good people to do anything in face of evil |
| B．certain that evil will be widespread if good men do nothing about it |
| C．only natural for good men to defeat evil |
| D．desirable for good men to keep away from evil |
| A．society is to be held responsible |
| B．modern civilization is responsible for it |
| C．the criminal himself should bear the blame |
| D．the standards of living should be improved |
| A．less self-discipline | B．better sense of discipline |
| C．more respect to each other | D．less effective government |
| A．people in large cities tend to excuse criminals |
| B．people in small towns still stick to old discipline and standards. |
| C．today’s society lacks sympathy for people in difficulty |
| D．people in disadvantaged circumstances are engaged in criminal activities |
| A．stricter discipline should be maintained in schools and families |
| B．more good examples should be set for people to follow |
| C．more attention should be paid to people’s behavior |
| D．more people should accept the value of accountability |
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