题目
题型：江苏高考真题难度：来源：
famous inventors? What about the people who invented the traffic light and the windshield wiper (雨刮器)?
Shouldn"t we know who they are?
Joan Mclean thinks so. In fact, Mclean, a professor of physics at Mountain University in Range, feels so
strongly about this matter that she"s developed a course on the topic. In addition to learning "who" invented
"what", however, Mclean also likes her students to learn the answers to the "why" and "how" questions.
According to Mclean, "When students learn the answers to these questions, they are better prepared to
recognize opportunities for inventing and more motivated to give inventing a try."
So,just what is the story behind the windshield wiper? Well, Mary Anderson came up with the idea in 1902
after a visit to Mew York City. The day was cold and stormy, but Anderson still wanted to see the sights, so
she jumped aboard a streetcar. Noticing that the driver was struggling to see through the snow covering the
windshield, she found herself wondering why there couldn"t be a buolt-in devic for cleaing the window. Still
wondering about this when she returned home to Birmingham, Alabama, Anderson started drafting out solutions.
One of her ideas, a lever (操作杆) on the inside of a vehicle that would contral an arm on the outside, became
the first windshield wiper.
Today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations,It"s hard to imagine driving without Garrett A.
Morgan"s traffic light. It"s equally impossible to picture a world without Katherine J. Blodgett"s innovation that
makes glass invisible. Can you picture life without clear windows and eyeglasses?
B. beneficial, though their inventors are less famous
C. not useful, because their inventors are less famous
D. not useful, though their inventors are famous
B. inform students of the windshield wiper"s invention
C. carry out the requirements by Mountain University
D. prepare students to try theie own invention
B. inspired by the story behind the windshield wiper
C. due to his dream of being caught in a rainstorm
D. not related to Professor Joan McLean"s lectures
B. How to Design a Built-in Dervice for Cleaning the Window?
C. Shouldn"t We Know Who Inventd the Windshield Wiper?
D. Shouldn"t We Develop Invention Courses in Universities?
答案
核心考点
试题【阅读理解。 We know the famous ones-the Thomas Edisons and the Alexander Graham Be】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
important measurement. An animal that is aware (意识) of itself has a high level of intelligence.
Awareness can be tested by studying whether the animal recognizes itself in the mirror, that is, its own
reflected image (反射出的影像). Many animals fail this exercise bitterly, paying evry little attention to the
reflected image. Only humans, and some intelligent animals like apes and dolphins, have shown to recognize
that the image in the mirror is of themselves.
Now another animal has joined the club. In the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
researchers report that an Asian elephant has passed the mirror self-reflection test.
"We thought that elephants were the next important animal," said Dinana Reiss of the Wildlife Conservation
Society, an author of the study with Joshua M. Plotnik and Fans B. M. de Waal of Emory University. With
their large brains, Reiss said, elephants "seemed like cousins to apes and dolphins."
The researchers tested Happy, Maxine and Patty, three elephants at the Bronx Zoo.They put an 8-foot-
square mirror on a wall of the animals" play area (out of the sight of zoo visitors) and recorded what happened
with cameras, including one built in the mirror.
The elephants used their long noses to find what was behind it, and to examine parts of their bodies.
Of the three, Happy then passed the test, in which a clear mark was painted on one side of her face. She
could tell the mark was there by looking in the mirror, and she used the mirror to touch the mark with her
long nose.
Diana Reiss said, "We knew elephants were intelligent, but now we can talk about their intelligence in a
better way."
B. Whether they have self-awareness.
C. Whether they enjoy outdoor exercises.
D. Whether they enjoy playing with mirrors.
B. They are big favorites with zoo visitors.
C. They are included in the study by Reiss.
D. They are already known to be intelligent.
B. They are big favorites with zoo visitors.
C. They are included in the study by Reiss.
D. They are already known to be intelligent.
"wash up". An application is calling on the next government to bring it back.
At school the children are taught to add up and subtract (减法) but, extraordinarily, are not routinely
shown how to open a bank account-let alone how to manage their finances in an increasingly complex and
demanding world.
Today the parenting website Mumsnet and the consumer campaigner Martin Lewis have joined forces
to launch an online application to make financial education a compulsory element of the school curriculum
in England. Children from five to 16 should be taught about everything from pocket money to pensions,
they say. And that was exactly the plan preserved in the Children, Schools and Families bill that was shelved
by the government in the so-called "wash-up" earlier this month-the rush to legislation before parliament
was dismissed. Consumer and parent groups believe financial education has always been one of the most
frustrating omissions of the curriculum.
As the Personal Finance Education Group (Pfeg) points out, the good habits of young children do not
last long. Over 75% of seven- to 11-year-olds are savers but by the time they get to 17, over half of them
are in debt to family and friends. By this age, 26% see a credit card or overdraft (透支) as a way of extending
their spending power. Pfeg predicts that these young people will"find it much harder to avoid the serious
unexpected dangers that have befallen many of their parents" generation unless they receive good quality
financial education while at school."
The UK has been in the worst financial recession (衰退) for generations. It does seem odd that-unless
parents step in-young people are left in the dark until they are cruelly introduced to the world of debt when
they turn up at university. In a recent poll of over 8,000 people, 97% supported financial education in schools,
while 3% said it was a job for parents.
B. how to deal with the financial crisis
C. teaching young people about money
D. teaching students how to study effectively
B. pupils should not be taught to add up and subtract
C. students have been taught to manage their finances
D. laws on financial education have been effectively carried out
B. promote the connection of schools and families
C. ask the government to dismiss the parliament
D. appeal for the curriculum of financial education
B. teenagers spend their money as planned
C. parents are willing to pay the debt for their kids
D. it will be in trouble if the teenagers are left alone
B. show the seriousness of the financial recession
C. make the readers aware of burden of the parents
D. illustrate some people are strongly against the proposal
and then presses her foot down to begin sewing. While she"s doing this, she pretends to guide fabric (布料)
through the machine. Liu looks forward to the class when she can work on a piece of real cloth, and make a
beautiful dress.
Each Tuesday afternoon, after the bell rings for the fourth period, Liu becomes a fashion designer. At the
same time, the rest of the students at the High School Attached to Yunnan Normal University in Kunming are
also having classes a little bit different from the usual ones. Some students dance, others create robots, and still
others review films. These are just a few of the other 27 elective (选修的) courses besides Liu"s sewing class
that the school began to offer last month.
"The fashion design class has become the bright point of my week. I learn how to choose colors and fabrics
(织物) as well as sewing and sketching (素描) skills. It"s all helping me to realize the dream of becoming a
fashion designer I"ve had since I was a little girl," Liu said.
Design is Liu"s favorite, but for other students the electives are interesting lessons which relieve (舒缓) the
pressures of schoolwork. Some students, for example, are learning how to play bridge. Chen Xi, 15, is one of
them. She said, "Many people think that playing a card game like this in class is a waste of time. But in fact,
bridge is a very challenging game that helps develop memory and math skills."
B. Once a month
C. Once a term
D. Once a year
B. Once a month
C. Once a term
D. Once a year
B. Because they needn"t do any homework in the elective classes.
C. Because they can get an opportunity to relieve their pressures.
D. Because they want to be fashion designers in the future.
B. creating robots
C. playing a card game
D. reviewing films
cells specialized to record the intervals (间隔)of time, while another theory holds that some neural processes
(神经突)act as an inside clock.
Whichever theory it may be, studies find, the cells have a poor grasp of longer interval. Time does seem
to slow during an empty afternoon and race when the brain focuses on challenging work. Stimulants (兴奋剂),
including caffeine, tend to make people feel as if time is passing faster; complex jobs, like doing taxes, can
seem to drag on longer than they actually do. And emotional events-a breakup, a promotion, a transformative
trip abroad-tend to be sensed as more recent than they actually are, by months or even years. In short, some
psychologists say, the findings support the philosopher Martin Heidegger"s observation that time "persists
merely as a consequence of the events taking place in it."
Now researchers are finding that the opposite thing may also be true: if very few events come to mind, then
the sense of time does not persist; the brain shortens the interval that has passed.
In one classic experiment, a French explorer named Michel Diffre lived in a cave for two months, cut off
from the rhythms of night and day and man-made clocks. He appeared then, convinced that he had been
isolated for only 25 days. Left to its own devices, the brain tends to shorten time.
In earlier work, researchers found that a similar case at work in people"s judgment of intervals that last only
moments. Relatively infrequent stimuli, like flashes or tones, tend to increase the speed of the brain" s internal
pacemaker.
On an obvious level, these kinds of findings offer an explanation for why other people"s children seem to
grow up so much faster than one"s own. Involved parents are all too well aware of first step in their own
children; however, seeing a cousin"s child once every few years, without bothering memories, shortens the
time.
B. Scientists all think that some cells record the intervals of time.
C. Scientists haven"t agreed on how the brain records time.
D. Scientists all hold the theory that neural processes are an inside clock.
B. make the intervals of time short
C. keep a state of rest
D. stop working
B. Parents tend to think their own children grow faster than others.
C. Michel Diffre actually stayed in the cave for twenty-five days.
D. Children usually bring bad memories to their parents.
B. Community activities
C. Science
D. Children s life
from an empty oil tin. Their headmistress, Emile Jean-Noel, is one of the few women school headteachers in
the country.
Today, over 70% of Haitian population live without proper food, water, schools, or housing. To reduce the
hunger that prevents learning and to encourage parents to send their children to school, meals are provided by
the World Food Programme.
"We are so cut off that we have many difficulties," comments Emile, adding that finding chalk, school books
and other materials is practically impossible. Entile tries to encourage people around her to make use of available
resources. Her efforts are bearing fruit. One of her successes was convincing local women to contribute to
their children"s schooling and increase their income by selling embroidery (刺绣) and other handicrafts.
Recent political instability has meant that the country has not invested (投资) in education for ten years.
Only 44% of children go to school and less than half of them finish primary school. Less than a third of these
children go on to secondary school. In rural areas it is not rare to find 17 and 18 year olds in primary school-
Beau-Roc has only 4 teachers for 260 pupils. Emile works constantly to improve her pupils" environment.
Under her direction, a local worker is now constructing a store house for the food delivered regularly by the
WFP.
Not only is Emile"s salary small, but she receives it irregularly. For her, transport is a real headache. She
lives five kilometers away and has to take the tap, a privately-owned bus, costing more than she can afford.
"The decision to be a rural teacher in Haiti should not be taken lightly", Emile comments. "With all the
sacrifices and risks it requires, only those who are really cut out for teaching should do it." However, Emile
loves her job. "I always feel at home with the children and, because the parents understand what I"m doing,
I try to give my best."
B. Persuading local women to care about their children" s education.
C. Encouraging people around to use those available resources.
D. Finding chalk, school books and other materials.
B. political instability in Haiti
C. challenges in Emile"s life
D. Emile"s constant efforts
B. unfamiliar with teaching
C. qualified for teaching
D. cautious about teaching
B. Devotion to education.
C. Politics and children.
D. Love and beauty.
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