题目
题型：天津高考真题难度：来源：
empty space. But, with the number of flights increasing each year, this emptiness no longer exists.
Researchers in the world of aviation (航空) are worried about the increasing pressure on pilots and ground
controllers. And increasing collisions, occurring at or near an airport, have called attention to the need for
more aids (辅助设备) to aviation control.
People who travel the skies are not certain about air safety. A great deal of money is spent on new and
bigger aircraft and airports to deal with the vast increase in passengers travelling by air. Only a small
percentage of this money is spent on navigation (导航) and other aids. Actually, suitable electronic equipment
has long existed, and many companies market safety aids designed to make it safer for aircraft to take off, fly
any distance, and land, whatever the weather. Yet, there are two problems to be solved. The first is to get
governments, airlines and airport officials to agree to basic levels of safety aids. The second problem is to find
a way of meeting these basic requirements.
But no matter how well the equipment works, operators of the equipment still play an important role.
Communications between pilots and ground controllers are extremely important to air safety. It is worth
pointing our that the mishearing or misunderstanding of instructions in English, and the use of another
language, in an international conversation, have led to two recent aircraft accidents. A new type of instrument (仪器) called FLIGHTWATCH would help pilots prevent airport collisions. It would be particularly helpful near
airports.
B. there is no empty space for aids to aviation control
C. piloting and controlling planes is getting more difficult
D. the pressure on the ground becomes greater
B. money spent on electronic equipment is far from enough
C. suitable electronic equipment hasn"t been invented yet
D. it is dangerous for planes to take off or land
B. misunderstandings between pilots and ground controllers
C. quarrels among passengers
D. breakdowns of new types of instrument
B. there should be more companies to sell new safety aids
C. English should be used in an international conversation
D. understanding between pilots and ground controllers should be improved
答案
核心考点
试题【阅读理解。 Millions of aircraft take off around the world every year. The skies t】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
" design museums" that are opening today, however, perform quite a different role. Unlike most art
museums, the design museum shows objects that are easily found by the general public. These museums
sometimes even place things like fridges and washing machines in the center of the hall.
People have argued that design museums are often made use of as advertisements for new industrial
technology. But their role is not simply a matter of sales-it is the honoring of excellently invented products.
The difference between the window of a department store and the showcase in a design museum is that the
first tries to sell you something, while the second tells you the success of a sale.
One advantage of design museums is that they are places where people feel familiar with the exhibits.
Unlike the average art museum visitors, design museum visitors seldom feel frightened or puzzled (困惑).
This is partly because design museums clearly show how and why mass- produced products work and look
as they do, and how design has improved the quality of our lives. Art museum exhibits, on the other hand,
would most probably fill visitors with a feeling that there is something beyond their understanding.
In recent years, several new design museums have opened their doors. Each of these museums has tried
to satisfy the public"s growing interest in the field with new ideas. London"s Design Museum, for example,
shows a collection of mass-produced objects from Zippo lighters to electric typewriters to a group of Italian
fish-tins. The choices open to design museums seem far less strict than those to art museums, and visitors
may also sense the humorous (幽默的)part of our society while walking around such exhibits as interesting
and unusually attractive toys collected in our everyday life.
B. help increase the sales of products
C. show why the products have sold well
D. attract more people than store windows do
B. are puzzled with technological exhibits
C. dislike exhibits in art museums
D. know the exhibits very well
B. are not aimed to interest the public
C. may fail to bring some pleasure to visitors
D. often contain precious exhibits
B. The exhibits of design museums
C. The nature of design museums
D. The choices open to design museums
change their memories. Scientist Elizabeth Loftus of the University of California at Irvine asked volunteers to
answer some questions on their personalities (个性) and food experiences. "One week later," Loftus says, "we
told those people we"d fed their answers into our smart computer and it came up with an account of their early
childhood experiences." Some accounts included one key additional detail (细节):"You got sick after eating
strawberry ice-cream." The researchers then changed this detail into a manufactured (人为促生的) memory
through leading questions－Who were you with? How did you feel? By the end of the study up to 41% of those
given a false memory believed strawberry ice-cream once made them sick, and many said they"d avoid eating it.
When Loftus published her findings, she started getting calls from people begging her to make them
remember hating chocolate or French fries. Unfortunately, it"s not that easy. False memories appear to work
only for foods you don"t eat on a regular basis. But most important, it is likely that false memories can be
implanted (灌输) only in people who are unaware of the mental control. And lying to a patient is immoral, even
if a doctor believes it"s for the patient"s benefit.
Loftus says there"s nothing to stop parents from trying it with their overweight children. "I say, wake up－
parents have been lying about Father Christmas for years, and nobody seems to mind. If they can prevent
diseases caused by fatness and all the other problems that come with that, you might think that"s a more moral
lie. Decide that for yourself."
B. To find out their attitudes towards food.
C. To find out details she can make use of.
D. To predict what food they"ll like in the future.
B. People can be led to believe in something false.
C. People tend to forget their childhood experiences.
D. People are not always aware of their personalities.
B. lie to themselves that they don"t want it
C. are willing to let doctors control their minds
D. think they once had a bad experience of eating it
B. Who it is best for.
C. When it is effective.
D. How it should be used.
in the name of equality, other, still in the name of equality, want only to destroy it.
Any society which is interested in equality of opportunity and standards of achievement must regularly
test its pupils. The standards may be changed-no examination is perfect-but to have to tests or examinations
would mean the end of equality and of standards. There are groups of people who oppose this view and who
do not believe either in examinations or in any controls in schools or on teachers. This would mean that
everything would depend on luck since every pupil would depend on the efficiency, the values and the purpose
of each teacher.
Without examinations, employers will look for employees from the highly respected schools and from
families known to them-a form of favouritism will replace equality. At the moment, the bright child from an
ill-respected school can show certificates to prove he or she is suitable for a job, while the lack of certificate
indicates the unsuitability of a dull child attending a well-respected school. This defence of excellence and
opportunity would disappear if examinations were taken away, and the bright child from a poor family would
be a prisoner of his or her school"s reputation, unable to compete for employment with the child from the
favoured school.
The opponents of the examination system suggest that examinations are an evil force because they show
differences between pupils. According to these people, there must be no special, different, academic class.
They have even suggested that there should be no form of difference in sport or any other area: all jobs or
posts should be filled by unsystematic selection. The selection would be made by people who themselves are
probably selected by some computer.
B. children from well-respected schools tend to have good jobs
C. poor children with certificates are favoured in job markets
D. children attending ordinary schools achieve great success
B. There would be more opportunities and excellence.
C. Children from poor families would be able to change their schools.
D. Children"s job opportunity would be affected by their school reputation.
B. computers should be selected to take over many jobs
C. special classed are necessary to keep the school standards
D. schools with academic subjects should be done away with
B. examination and equality
C. opportunity and employment
D. standards and reputation
that he can leave Betty and her friend Joan sitting on the sofa, talking, go out to a ballgame,come back
three and a half hours later, and they"re still sitting on the sofa? Talking?
What in the world, Harold wonders, do they have to talk about?
Betty shrugs.Talk? We"re friends.
Researching this matter called friendship, psychologist Lillian Rubin spent two years interviewing
more than two hundred women and men.No matter what their age, their job, their sex, the results were
completely clear:women have more friendships than men,and the difference in the content and the quality
of those friendships is "marked and unmistakable."
More than two-thirds of the single men Rubin interviewed could not name a best friend. Those who
could were likely to name a woman.Yet three-quarters of the single women had no problem naming a best
friend,and almost always it was a woman.More married men than woean named their wife/husband as a
best friend,most trusted person, or the one they would turn to in time of emotional distress (感情危机).
"Most women,"says Rubin," identified (认定) at least one,usually more,trusted friends to whom they could
turn in a troubled moment,and they spoke openly about the importance of these relationships in their lives."
"In general," writes Rubin in her new book, "women"s friendships with each other rest on shared
emotions and support, but men"s relationships are marked by shared activities." For the most part,Rubin
says, interactions (交往) between men are emotionally controlled-a good fit with the social requirements
of "manly behavior."
"Even when a man is said to be a best friend," Rubin writes, "the two share little about their innermost
feelings. Whereas a woman"s closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage,
it wasn"t unusual to hear a man say he didn"t know his friend"s marriage was in serious trouble until he
appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa."
B. women have so much to share
C. women show little interest in ballgames
D. he finds his wife difficult to talk to
B. a female friend
C. her parents
D. her husband
B. Spending too much time with his friends.
C. Complaining about his marriage trouble.
D. Going out to ballgames too often.
B. Women are more serious than men about marriage.
C. Men often take sudden action to end their marriage.
D. Women depend on others in making decisions.
B. friendships of men and women
C. emotional problems in marriage.
D. interactions between men and women.
米技术). Reports of nanotech often refer to K. Eric Drexler"s book Engines of Creations, which predicts an
age full of dominant molecular (分子的) manufacturing and a world without material scarcity. Whatever
humans need will one day be built cheaply with microscopic self-replicating machines (微细自我复制机) that
put atoms together to create copies of anything alive in the world-from trees to human bodies.
In fact, the scientific community is deeply divided over whether self-replication machines are possible. If
they are, major dangers could exist. Mr. Drexler himself thought that self-replicating machines could probably
go out of control. He writes in his book that man-made "plants" with "leaves no more efficient than today"s solar
cells could win over real plants,crowding the earth with leaves that are not suitable to be eaten. Tough "bacteria"
could be more competitive than the real bacteria: They could spread everywhere, replicate swiftly, and reduce
the earth to dust in a matter of days."
Critics of nanotech have made use of such images, calling for a delay on commercial nanotech until
regulations are established. They also point to the possible military uses of nanotech. Bill Joy, the co-founder of
Sun Microsystems, wrote in a Wired magazine essay in 2000 that if nanotech falls into the wrong hands, it could
bring dangers to society.
Opponents say Mr. Joy is overreacting. "In a way, calling for bans on research into molecular manufacturing
is like calling for a delay on faster-than-light travel because no one is doing it," says Glenn Reynolds, a University
of Tennessee law professor.
Professor Reynolds says it is a good idea to regulate nanotech, but in ways the government would regulate
any products that could be dangerous. Export controls and certification systems for nanotech companies are
examples. US lawmakers have put forth four bills on nanotech research and development.
B. plants produced by nanotech would be as efficient as today"s solar cells
C. man-made bacteria would be widespread and capable of self-replicating
D. humans could create copies of anything alive with high technology
B. science fiction descriptions
C. disagreements in the scientific community
D. the fact that no one is doing molecular manufacturing
B. ban nanotech research to avoid any possible dangers
C. put forth bills on nanotech research and development
D. establish a certification system for annotech companies
B. The government should regulate products that could be dangerous.
C. Nanotech regulations should be established in spite of the divided opinions.
D. The media should not take advantage of the science fiction aspects of nanotech.
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