题目
题型：上海高考真题难度：来源：
in the name of equality, other, still in the name of equality, want only to destroy it.
Any society which is interested in equality of opportunity and standards of achievement must regularly
test its pupils. The standards may be changed-no examination is perfect-but to have to tests or examinations
would mean the end of equality and of standards. There are groups of people who oppose this view and who
do not believe either in examinations or in any controls in schools or on teachers. This would mean that
everything would depend on luck since every pupil would depend on the efficiency, the values and the purpose
of each teacher.
Without examinations, employers will look for employees from the highly respected schools and from
families known to them-a form of favouritism will replace equality. At the moment, the bright child from an
ill-respected school can show certificates to prove he or she is suitable for a job, while the lack of certificate
indicates the unsuitability of a dull child attending a well-respected school. This defence of excellence and
opportunity would disappear if examinations were taken away, and the bright child from a poor family would
be a prisoner of his or her school"s reputation, unable to compete for employment with the child from the
favoured school.
The opponents of the examination system suggest that examinations are an evil force because they show
differences between pupils. According to these people, there must be no special, different, academic class.
They have even suggested that there should be no form of difference in sport or any other area: all jobs or
posts should be filled by unsystematic selection. The selection would be made by people who themselves are
probably selected by some computer.
B. children from well-respected schools tend to have good jobs
C. poor children with certificates are favoured in job markets
D. children attending ordinary schools achieve great success
B. There would be more opportunities and excellence.
C. Children from poor families would be able to change their schools.
D. Children"s job opportunity would be affected by their school reputation.
B. computers should be selected to take over many jobs
C. special classed are necessary to keep the school standards
D. schools with academic subjects should be done away with
B. examination and equality
C. opportunity and employment
D. standards and reputation
答案
核心考点
试题【Reading comprehension. We are all interested in equality, but while some peo】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
that he can leave Betty and her friend Joan sitting on the sofa, talking, go out to a ballgame,come back
three and a half hours later, and they"re still sitting on the sofa? Talking?
What in the world, Harold wonders, do they have to talk about?
Betty shrugs.Talk? We"re friends.
Researching this matter called friendship, psychologist Lillian Rubin spent two years interviewing
more than two hundred women and men.No matter what their age, their job, their sex, the results were
completely clear:women have more friendships than men,and the difference in the content and the quality
of those friendships is "marked and unmistakable."
More than two-thirds of the single men Rubin interviewed could not name a best friend. Those who
could were likely to name a woman.Yet three-quarters of the single women had no problem naming a best
friend,and almost always it was a woman.More married men than woean named their wife/husband as a
best friend,most trusted person, or the one they would turn to in time of emotional distress (感情危机).
"Most women,"says Rubin," identified (认定) at least one,usually more,trusted friends to whom they could
turn in a troubled moment,and they spoke openly about the importance of these relationships in their lives."
"In general," writes Rubin in her new book, "women"s friendships with each other rest on shared
emotions and support, but men"s relationships are marked by shared activities." For the most part,Rubin
says, interactions (交往) between men are emotionally controlled-a good fit with the social requirements
of "manly behavior."
"Even when a man is said to be a best friend," Rubin writes, "the two share little about their innermost
feelings. Whereas a woman"s closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage,
it wasn"t unusual to hear a man say he didn"t know his friend"s marriage was in serious trouble until he
appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa."
B. women have so much to share
C. women show little interest in ballgames
D. he finds his wife difficult to talk to
B. a female friend
C. her parents
D. her husband
B. Spending too much time with his friends.
C. Complaining about his marriage trouble.
D. Going out to ballgames too often.
B. Women are more serious than men about marriage.
C. Men often take sudden action to end their marriage.
D. Women depend on others in making decisions.
B. friendships of men and women
C. emotional problems in marriage.
D. interactions between men and women.
米技术). Reports of nanotech often refer to K. Eric Drexler"s book Engines of Creations, which predicts an
age full of dominant molecular (分子的) manufacturing and a world without material scarcity. Whatever
humans need will one day be built cheaply with microscopic self-replicating machines (微细自我复制机) that
put atoms together to create copies of anything alive in the world-from trees to human bodies.
In fact, the scientific community is deeply divided over whether self-replication machines are possible. If
they are, major dangers could exist. Mr. Drexler himself thought that self-replicating machines could probably
go out of control. He writes in his book that man-made "plants" with "leaves no more efficient than today"s solar
cells could win over real plants,crowding the earth with leaves that are not suitable to be eaten. Tough "bacteria"
could be more competitive than the real bacteria: They could spread everywhere, replicate swiftly, and reduce
the earth to dust in a matter of days."
Critics of nanotech have made use of such images, calling for a delay on commercial nanotech until
regulations are established. They also point to the possible military uses of nanotech. Bill Joy, the co-founder of
Sun Microsystems, wrote in a Wired magazine essay in 2000 that if nanotech falls into the wrong hands, it could
bring dangers to society.
Opponents say Mr. Joy is overreacting. "In a way, calling for bans on research into molecular manufacturing
is like calling for a delay on faster-than-light travel because no one is doing it," says Glenn Reynolds, a University
of Tennessee law professor.
Professor Reynolds says it is a good idea to regulate nanotech, but in ways the government would regulate
any products that could be dangerous. Export controls and certification systems for nanotech companies are
examples. US lawmakers have put forth four bills on nanotech research and development.
B. plants produced by nanotech would be as efficient as today"s solar cells
C. man-made bacteria would be widespread and capable of self-replicating
D. humans could create copies of anything alive with high technology
B. science fiction descriptions
C. disagreements in the scientific community
D. the fact that no one is doing molecular manufacturing
B. ban nanotech research to avoid any possible dangers
C. put forth bills on nanotech research and development
D. establish a certification system for annotech companies
B. The government should regulate products that could be dangerous.
C. Nanotech regulations should be established in spite of the divided opinions.
D. The media should not take advantage of the science fiction aspects of nanotech.
has been increasing at an alarming speed for the past thirty years. Today in Britain, for example, about
four hundred people a day die of heart disease. Mdical experts know that people can reduce their chances
of getting heart disease by exercising regularly, by not smoking, by changing their diets, and by paying
more attention to reducing stress (压力) in their work.
However, Western health-care systems are still not paying enough attention to the prevention of the
disease. There is a need for more programs to educate the public about the causes and prevention of heart
disease. Instead of supporting such programs,however, the U.S. health-care system is spending large sums
of money on the surgical (外科的) treatment of the disease after it develops. This emphasis (强调) on
treatment clearly has something to do with the technological advances that have taken place in the past ten
to fifteen years. In this time,modern technology has enabled doctors to develop new surgical techniques.
Many operations that were considered impossible or too risky (有风险的) a few years ago are now
performed every day in U.S.hospitals. The result had been a huge increase in heart surgery.
Although there is no doubt that heart surgery can help a large number of people, some people point out
that the emphasis on the surgical treatment of the disease has three clear disadvantages. First, it attracts
interest and money away from the question of prevention.Second, it causes the costs of general hospital
care to rise. After hospitals buy the expensive equipment that is necessary for modern heart surgery, they
must try to recover the money they have spent. To do this, they raise costs for all their patients, not just
those patients whose treatment requires the equipment. The third disadvantage is that doctors are
encouraged to perform surgery-even on patients for whom an operation is unnecessary-because the
equipment and expert skills are there. A government office recently stated that major heart surgery was
often performed even though its chances of success were low. In one type of heart surgery, for example,
only 15 percent of patients improved their conditions after the surgery. However,more than 100,000 of these
operations are performed in the United States every year.
B. It has helped save the lives of most patients
C. It has encouraged doctors to do more heart surgeries
D. It has helped educate people about the prevention of heart disease
B. to increase the number of heart surgeries
C. to get back the money spent on the equipment
D. to buy new equipment for the treatment to heart disease
B. heart surgery has helped most patients improve their conditions
C. modern technology has made heart surgery more risky than before
D. the public have known a great deal about the causes of heart disease
B. Heart Disease: Treat or Prevent
C. Modern Technology and Heart Surgery
D. Heart Surgery:Advantages and Disadvantages
construction work on a new line for the London Underground seemed likely to give the tower a
real lean. Engineers have had to prop up (支撑) its base to prevent it from damaging the rest of the
Houses of Parliament.
To control the tower"s movement,engineers pumped grout (水泥浆) into the soil under the tower.
The tower not leans an extra few centimeters, but the lean can only be seen by the most sharp-eyed
observer.
Between 1995 and 1997, to lengthen the Jubilee line of the Underground, builders dug a
40-metre-deep hole just 31 metres north of the clock tower. And the new tube (underground ) tunnels
were even nearer to the tower. John Burland, who recently helped stop the increasing lean in the
Leaning Tower of Pisa and was an adviser to the Jubilee line project, believed the work would affect
the tower. In his opinion,no further lean should go beyond a safety limit of 27.5 millimetres over the
existing lean of 220 millimetres.
To keep the lean within this limit,Burland told the British Association about the new method of
pumping grout immediately unde the base of the tower.More than 300 tons of grout were pumped
in during construction.The tower"s additional lean went between 10 and 25 millimetres,but never
passed 27.5 millimetres.
After the construction work was completed in last 1997, a review of movements in nearby walls
showed that the building was in better shape than had been thought before and the safety limit was
raised to 35 millimetres before any action needs to be taken.
Since 1997,the tower had continued to lean, Burland told Modern Constuction.The latest
measurements,taken this year,suggest that the tower"s lean had just reached 35 millimetres.But
following regular re-examinations of the tower,experts are sure that the tower has stabilised(稳定).
A spokesman for London Underground says: "We understand the tower has stabilised and retuned to
its normal movement cycle."
From Modern Construction, 16 September 2000
B. Description
C. Discussion
D. Re-examination
B. To stop sharp-eyed people from seeing the lean
C. To stop the Tower Pisa from leaning too much
D. To stop the clock tower from leaning beyond its safety limit
B. 255 millimetres
C. 35 millimetres
D. 27.5 millimetres
B. the Jubilee line should be stopped in Burland"s opinion
C. the writer is blaming Burland for making a mistake
D. the propping up work has proved to be successful
his parents that his diaper (尿布) needed changing. But it"s hardly a joke. Helsinki is home to Nokia, the
mobile-phone maker. It"s one of the most "mobile" cities in the world: About 92 percent of its households
have at least one mobile phone. And the kids start young.
"A relatively normal age to get a mobile phone is now 7," says Jan Virkki, marketing manager for a
mobile-phone company. Among the second graders at the Kulosaari Elementary School, the most popular
object of desire this year is not a Barbie or a Gameboy. It is a Nokia mobile phone with a picture of their
own choice on the screen.
"One of the first things we discuss when school starts is the rules for mobile phones," says Tiia Korppi,
a teacher. Among the rules: You have to put it away out of sight. You cannot turn it on. You cannot send
text messages to your friends, or play amusing tunes (令人发笑的曲调) in class, or call your parents or
call for a pizza during history.
B. he cares much for children
C. mobile phones are toys for new-born babies
D. mobile phones are widely used in Finland
B. a successful mobile-phone maker
C. effects of mobile phones on children
D. school rules for the use of mobile phones
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