题目
题型：湖北省期中题难度：来源：
live perfectly well. But some fish put us to shame. They can get by without stomachs.
One such fish is the stout longtom. The group it belongs to carries a more appropriate name: the
needlefish. All needlefish lack stomachs. Their ancestors had them, but later they were lost.
The stout longtom can reach 1.3 meters in length, and lives near the sea surface. Like all needlefish, it
can jump out of the water to escape its enemies. Tropical fishermen are sometimes injured by needlefish.
In 1977, a 10-year-old Hawaiian boy was killed when a needlefish jumped through his brain. The
longtom eats smaller fish. It teeth are not good at cutting fish into pieces, so it swallows fish whole.
Ryan Day from Australia and his colleagues wanted to know how the longtom digests its meaty meals without a stomach, so they ran some chemical tests about the fish.
Day"s results show that the longtom can consume food without the help of a stomach. It uses a special material called trypsin that can break down proteins without acid - although the approach is less efficient
than using a stomach.
Because it"s a meat-eating animal, the longtom gets a lot of protein in its food, so it can afford this
slightly less efficient system for absorbing it. Two plant-eating fish that Day studies actually had higher
levels of trypsin in their body, as their food was low in protein.
Day thinks that the longtom and its stomachless relatives might actually have arrived at an
energy-saving solution. He says that although the stomach is critical to many kinds of animal, the organ is
"a fairly expensive organ to run". This perhaps explains why some animals have got rid of theirs.
B. Fight.
C. Hunt.
D. Live.
B. digests the smaller fish in its body
C. can jump so high to escape its enemies
D. uses acid to break down the protein
B. Acid
C. The stomach.
D. Protein in its body.
B. the longtom often waste energy
C. the longtom"s high-protein food helps its unique way of consuming food.
D. meat -eating fish have higher levels of trypsin in their bodies than plant-eating fish
答案
核心考点
试题【阅读理解。 There are some things humans can go without. We can lose a kidney or a】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
resting time.
However, another study shows that sitting in front of computer or TV screens for long hours is not the
only reason for myopia (近视). An Australian research team studied young children in Sydney and
Singapore to find the reasons for myopia.
The research team found that the prevalence (流行) of myopia among children in Sydney was lower
than children in Singapore, even though they spent more time in front of computer and TV screens. The
major finding is that children in Sydney spend longer hours on outdoor activities than those in Singapore.
Indoor and outdoor sports activities both make the eyes focus on more distant objects, which prevents
the eyes from changing shape. But outdoor activities may better help avoid myopia than indoor sports
activities.
Jane Gwiazda, who does research in sight problems, says: "Natural light is good for eye growth. And
extra vitamin D from the sun might contribute to eye growth."
Many doctors suggest that every child get its first eye test done when he/she is about two and half
years old, and even if his/her sight seems perfect.
It is necessary for myopic children to wear glasses to prevent headaches, trouble reading or injuries. It
is also important that schools invite doctors to test their students" eyes.
If that is not possible, school teachers should at least encourage parents and children to have regular
eye examinations and wear glasses. And parents should remember not only to limit the total screen time
for their children, but also to encourage them to spend time outdoors.
B. To find the ways to treat myopia.
C. To prove the bad effects of myopia.
D. To prove the prevalence of myopia.
B. Because Sydney children have more eye resting time.
C. Because Sydney children use computers less.
D. Because Sydney children do more outdoor sports.
B. Singapore children do few exercises.
C. Outdoor activities do more good to eyes.
D. Room light does harm to children"s eyes.
B. Doing outdoor activities with no glasses is good for myopia children.
C. Focusing on distant objects can help the eyes keep their original shape.
D. Children should limit their time in the sun in order to protect their eyes.
future?
The news that a human embryo (胚胎) has been 1 cloned for the first time has caused mixed reactions(反应).
The 2 was carried out by scientists from the Advanced Cell Technology Inc(ACT),in Massachusetts,US. The group 3 the news on November 25.
This is not a cloned human being. "A 4 is alive,it walks,it breathes,"said Jamie Grifo,an expert on the study of cloning at New York University School of Medicine.
"This is a set of cells in a lab that will be used to 5 someone"s life."
Such research could lead to treatment for 6 such as heart disease,AIDS and even cancer, 7
scientists.
Despite high hopes from other scientists,the news 8 concerns immediately from religious and political
leaders. Several 9 in the US do not allow human cloning. President George W.Bush also made it clear
that he is 10 any type of human cloning. However, the 11 at ACT said they have no interest at present
in developing an early embryo into 12 .
Animals have been cloned repeatedly since Dolly,the sheep, 13 in 1997.And there were no real
technical 14 to stand in the way of scientists making a cloned human embryo.
This time the research group used traditional cloning technology with a human 15 . 16 it was given
DNA from an adult cell,the egg began to 17 . 18 it was stopped from becoming a baby-at a stage in
which it was 19 a ball of cells. The 20 technology has been used to clone sheep,cattle and monkeys.
| ( )1. A. in failure ( )2. A. research ( )3. A. made known ( )4. A. cell ( )5. A. save ( )6. A. patients ( )7. A. according to ( )8. A. beat ( )9. A. countries ( )10. A. for ( )11. A. scientists ( )12. A. a baby ( )13. A. lived ( )14. A. questions ( )15. A. egg ( )16. A. Before ( )17. A. grow ( )18. A. And ( )19. A. yet ( )20. A. different | B. never B. report B. made B. person B. kill B. health B. including B. lost B. nations B. against B. president B. a man B. appeared B. affairs B. bless B. After B. die B. But B. still B. usual | C. successfully C. works C. said C. man C. cure C. diseases C. besides C. raised C. peoples C. researching for C. people C. a woman C. turned C. business C. meat C. While C. change C. However C. not C. ordinary | D. not D. task D. had D. clone (克隆人) D. treat D. things D. argued D. missed D. states D. praising D. research D. a white man D. was no more D. problems D. cell D. And D. appear D. Yet D./ D.same |
| 阅读理解。 | |||
| We know that many animals do not stay in one place. Bird, fish and other animals move from one place to another at a certain time. They move for different reasons: most of them move to find food more easily, but others move to get away from places that are too crowded. When cold weather comes, many birds move to warmer places to find food. Some fishes give birth in warm water and move to cold water to feed. The most famous migration (迁移) is probably the migration of the fish, which is called "salmon". This fish is born in fresh water but it travels many miles to salt water. There it spends its life. When it is old, it returns to its birthplace in fresh water. Then it gives birth and dies there. In northern Europe, there is a kind of mouse. They leave their mountain homes when they become too crowded. They move down to the low land. Sometimes they move all the way to the seaside, and many of them are killed when they fall into the sea. Recently, scientists have studied the migration of a kind of lobster (龙虾). Every year, when the season of bad weather arrives, the lobsters get into a long line and start to walk across the floor of the ocean. Nobody knows why they do this, and nobody knows where they go. So, sometimes we know why humans and animals move from one place to another, but at other times we don"t. Maybe living things just like to travel. | |||
| 1. Most animals move from one place to another at a certain time to _________. | |||
| A. give birth B. enjoy warmer weather C. find food more easily D. find beautiful places | |||
| 2. The fish called "salmon" spends a long life in _________. | |||
| A. salt water B. rivers C. fresh water D. its birthplace | |||
| 3. What is the main idea of the passage? | |||
| A. Animals move in order to find food more easily. B. The migration of the fish called "salmon" is the most famous migration. C. Living things move from one place to another because they like to travel. D. sometimes we know why and how living things move from one place to another, but sometimes we don"t. | |||
| 阅读理解。 | |||
| Robots are being used for the first time in hospitals. "Robot-nurses" perform a variety of tasks such as delivering medicine, food and laboratory samples to sickrooms and taking away waste. Patients aren"t treated by robots, as this is still done by medical staff. The idea is to employ robots to transport supplies between departments. "Nurses often have to break off from what they are doing to gather supplies," says Peter Seiff, who makes the robots called TUGs. Research shows any interruption in medical work can lead to errors-a nurse may forget whether she has given medicine and may give a patient double the dose (剂量) or none at all. The robots vary in size according to what job they perform, but normally take the shape of a metal box on wheels, with a box on the side containing their software. After being programmed, the robots are able to find their way around a hospital unassisted. They also contain scanning technology to create electronic pictures or a "memory" of routes on their hard drives to help them go through passages, doors and other obstacles. Each robot is also monitored at the producer"s headquarters (总部) in case it runs into any difficulties. Trials show TUGs reduce the time it takes for a patient to receive medicine, and stop drugs from going missing. A study at the University of Maryland Medical Centre in the U.S. found that when three TUGs were used over the course of a year, the average length of time from the drugstore receiving a prescription to the patient receiving it dropped from 74 minutes to 30 minutes and saved nurses 6,123 hours finding medicines. It also cut the number of medicines that went missing to zero. "The biggest complaints we receive from patients is that the nurses don"t spend enough time with them. Anything that frees nurses is a boon," says Katherine Mulligan, director of nursing at the hospital, "The TUGs allow nurses to spend more time focusing on patient care. Nurse satisfaction has improved." | |||
| 1. Which of the following activities are robot-nurses NOT programmed to deal with? | |||
| A. Transporting supplies. B. Taking away waste. C. Taking care of patients. D. Creating electronic pictures. | |||
| 2. The underline word "boon" in the last paragraph probably means . | |||
| A. benefit B. dream C. habit D. complaint | |||
| 3. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? | |||
| A. Robots can help nurses save a lot of time. B. All robots have the same size. C. Robots are unable to find their way by themselves. D. Robots cannot get help if they run into difficulties. | |||
| 4. What is the attitude of the author towards robot-nurses? | |||
| A. Neutral. B. Positive. C. Negative. D. Unknown. | |||
| 阅读理解。 | |||
| You may have heard the popular saying, "there are always more fish in the sea". But as many new studies show, fish populations are changing, and not necessarily for the better. Consider the case of big, predatory (食肉动物) fish. These giants, like sharks and cod (鳕鱼), eat other smaller fish. Big fish are an important part of the marine ecosystem (海洋生态系统) because they keep down the numbers of smaller fish. Without fish that eat other fish, populations of smaller swimmers would increase, eating more plants, and leaving less vegetation for other creatures, including future fish. As fierce as predators can be, they"re no match for fishing technology. Many people love to catch predatory fish like sharks, cod and tuna, and new studies suggest that over-fishing is threatening these creatures near the top of the marine food chain. In one study, Villy Christensen and his colleagues looked at 200 past studies of marine life to learn how fish populations have changed over time. Christensen reported that between 1910 and 1970, the numbers of big predators decreased slowly, and that in 1970 their populations really started to drop. Around that time, fishing ships began using new tools that led to more fish being caught. The numbers have been falling quickly ever since. Reg Watson looked at the problem from the perspective of the fishermen. In the middle of the 20th century, Watson reported, fishing boats didn"t go far from home, and most fish were caught near the shore. That was no longer true by the 1980s. By then, fishing had moved farther from shore, into the open oceans, and was helped by the development of new technologies. But since the 1990s, something has changed. Despite new technologies and more efforts, fishing operations have not continued to develop. Scientists study historical data to understand the present, and this research is needed to forecast the future of fish and fishing. And the forecast doesn"t look good: large predator fish are becoming harder to find, and soon may disappear. | |||
| 1. From Paragraph 2 we can learn that . | |||
| A. more big fish are breeding in the ocean B. the fewer smaller fish, the more big fish C. big fish are less important than smaller fish D. the numbers of smaller fish are controlled by big fish | |||
| 2. Why did the number of big predators begin to fall quickly in 1970? | |||
| A. Fishing ships began using new tools with which they could catch more fish. B. There were fewer smaller fish than before. C. There were more people catching big predators. D. Their environment was being polluted by fishing ships. | |||
| 3. Which of the following would scientists most probably agree with? | |||
| A. It may soon be difficult to find large predator fish. B. It will cost much more in the future to catch big fish. C. Smaller fish still give the fishing industry a bright future. D. It is tough for researchers to forecast the future of fish. | |||
| 4. What can we conclude from the passage? | |||
| A. The decrease of the number of smaller fish has changed the marine food chain. B. Big fish have to live in the deep sea to avoid being caught. C. Over-fishing with new technology accounts for the decrease of the number of big fish. D. The decreasing populations of small fish lead to fewer big fish. |