题目
题型：期末题难度：来源：
better health. According to a new study, the ability of the body to resist some diseases that
are associated with stress is not just a matter of our genetics, race, or gender, but a matter
of our personality.
The investigators followed 103 adults above 40, examining their personalities and degrees
of extroversion. They found that extroverts (性格外向者)have significantly lower levels of
an inflammatory (炎症性的)chemical that leads to the blocking of arteries(动脉),heart attack
and stroke. They have also found that extroversion is an image of personality which consists
of three parts: a tendency to think in a happy way, a desire to be around other people and a
sense of active engagement with life.
Though the study was able to show that extroversion and active involvement in life are
associated with lower levels of the inflammatory chemical, it may be really hard to tell which
one comes first. Dr. Chapman warned that the researchers have not discovered yet whether
low inflammation is a result of people"s tendencies toward socializing, or inflammation itself is
affecting people by changing their personality tendencies.
The researchers are not sure how to stimulate people to change their lifestyle or nature.
Physical activity may be a piece of the solution, and has been found to lower stress levels,
especially with aging. Dr. Chapman says that beyond exercise, some individuals just have
this innate (天生的)energy that makes them enthusiastically involved in life. As a result,their
bodies have an increased ability to resist the physical effects of stress.
The experts arc continuing to try to develop specific therapies, such as the ones that are
being used to treat depression, and to help people find ways to increase active engagement
in life. Engaging in life can keep people much happier and healthier.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
答案
2．It would lead to the blocking of arteries, heart attack and stroke.
3．Because they have an innate energy that makes them enthusiastically involved in life.
4．A direct link between our personality and better health./Engaging in life can keep people much happier and healthier.
答案不唯一。
核心考点
试题【阅读理解。 Medical experts have established that there is a direct link between o】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
human, plants can have their temperature taken from 3,000 feet away-straight up. A decade ago,
adopting the infrared(红外线)scanning technology developed for military purposes and other satellites,
physicist Stephen Paley came up with a quick way to take the temperature of crops to determine which
ones are under stress. The goal was to let farmers precisely target pesticide(杀虫剂)spraying rather than
rain poison on a whole field, which invariably includes plants that don"t have pest problems.
Even better, Paley"s Remote Scanning Services Company could detect crop problems before they
became visible to the eye. Mounted on a plane flown at 3,000 feet at night, an infrared scanner measured
the heat emitted by crops. The data were transformed into a colourcoded map showing where plants
were running "fevers". Farmers could then spotspray, using 50 to 70 percent less pesticide than they
otherwise would.
The bad news is that Paley"s company closed down in 1984, after only three years. Farmers resisted
the new technology and longterm backers were hard to find. But with the renewed concern about
pesticides on produce, and refinements in infrared scanning, Paley hopes to get back into operation.
Agriculture experts have no doubt the technology works. "This technique can be used on 75 percent of
agricultural land in the United States, " says George Oerther of Texas A & M. Ray Jackson, who recently retired from the Department of Agriculture, thinks remote infrared crop scanning could be adopted by the end of the decade. But only if Paley finds the financial backing which he failed to obtain 10 years ago.
B. sprayed with pesticides
C. in poor physical condition
D. exposed to excessive sun rays
B. draw a colourcoded map
C. measure the size of the affected area
D. locate the problem area
B. transforming poisoned rain
C. consulting infrared scanning experts
D. detecting crop problems at an early stage
B. the lack of official support
C. the lack of financial support
D. its failure to help increase production
B. growing concern about the excessive use of pesticides on crops
C. the forceful promotion by the Department of Agriculture
D. the desire of farmers to improve the quality of their produce
20th century. So far, only two countries in the world, the USA and France, have ever produced them.
But these fearful fighting machines are about to enter Asia.
The US Navy said last month that one of its nine nuclearpowered aircraft carriers will be sent to
Japan to replace the diesel(柴油)powered carrier Kitty Hawk in 2008. In an agreement on October
30, the two countries also planned to level up their military (军事的) cooperation and the USA called
for Japan to take a larger role in alliance military moves.
It will be the first time that a nuclearpowered carrier is based in Japan. Bombed by US forces in
World War? at Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan is the only world country to have been attacked by
a nuclear weapon. Therefore, the citizens are highly sensitive to where nuclearpowered weapons are
based.
"A radiation leak at Yokosuka would kill 100,000 people as far away as Tokyo, and could cause
billions of dollars in damage," said Masahiko Goto, leader of a protest group in Yokosuka. His group
has collected more than 300,000 signatures of people across Japan opposed to the nuclear carrier.
The 44 year old Kitty Hawk, the US Navy"s oldest active ship, has been based in Yokosuka since
1998. It had returned to the US to be decommissioned in 2008. The new carrier, yet to be unveiled,_
will travel faster, be capable of supporting longer operations and carry with it the Navy"s most modern
technology.
Experts pointed that this change is not only to strengthen the USJapan military alliance but also to
keep the military power of China and North Korea within limits. However, even Japanese experts
don"t believe that the two countries are threats to the region.
"There is no need for Japan to have a nuclear carrier as defense," said Tetsuo Maeda, an
international relations professor at Tokyo International University. He said that the change of ship
indicates an increased military capability in the region, much more than what is needed.
B. are anxious about its potential danger
C. are curious about the advanced technology
D. are against where the carrier will be based
B. strengthen the USJapan military alliance
C. show Japan"s greater military capability
D. get rid of the dated marine weapon
B. Japan has long planned to increase its military capability with new weapons
C. Japan will be the first country in Asia to have a nuclear aircraft carrier
D. Japan will be the third country to produce a nuclearpowered aircraft carrier
B. discussed about
C. produced
D. brought to view
B. he is completely opposed to a new nuclear carrier
C. what is needed is far more than a nuclear carrier
D. it is unnecessary to guard against the two countries
end of 2012. The company is Space Exploration Technologies, or SpaceX. Its new rocket is called the
Falcon Heavy.
Company officials say it"ll be able to transport satellites or spacecraft weighing up to 53 metric tons
into orbit. Fiftythree metric tons is 117,000 pounds. That load weight is double the capacity of NASA
space shuttles. The space agency is retiring its shuttles after thirty years.
Elon Musk is the chief executive officer of SpaceX. He says the Falcon Heavy will be the second
most powerful rocket ever. He says it was designed to carry satellites and other equipment into space.
He says the rocket was designed to meet NASA"s ratings for human flight safety. So it could someday
be used to carry astronauts and other travelers into space.
Mr. Musk says the Falcon Heavy could also be used for missions(任务) like carrying a robotic lander
to collect samples from Mars. He says, "It has so much more capability than any other vehicle that I think we can start to consider missions like a Mars sample return, which requires a tremendous amount of lift
capability because you"ve got to send a lander to Mars that still has enough propellant(推进物) to return
to Earth."
The first launch is planned from the company’s launch site at Vandenberg Air Force Base in California. A launch from Cape Canaveral, Florida, is expected in late 2013 or 2014.
In time, SpaceX hopes to launch ten Falcon Heavy rockets a year. It says the rocket should cut back
on launch costs to about 2,000 dollars a kilogram.
SpaceX already has a billionandahalfdollar deal with NASA to use a smaller rocket to transport
cargo(货物) to the International Space Station. The rocket is the Falcon 9, and the deal is for after the
two last shuttles-Endeavour and Atlantis-are retired this year.
1. What do we know about the feature of the new rocket from the second paragraph?
(No more than 11 words)
________________________________________________________________________
2. Why did SpaceX want to design the new rocket？(No more than 16 words)
________________________________________________________________________
3. Why can the new rocket be used to carry a robotic lander to collect samples from Mars?
(No more 6 words)
________________________________________________________________________
4. What will SpaceX do for the NASA after Endeavour and Atlantis are retired?
(No more than 14 words)
________________________________________________________________________
Josie Robinson, who appeared on a so-called wall of shame at her school in south Manchester, was
in tears. Her father has hit out at the "Victorian" methods.
Chorlton High School put up pictures of year 10 pupils who teachers believed had behaved badly.
Children singled out for praise were placed on the wall of fame. Its head teacher said the scheme (策划)
was designed to motivate pupils.
Carlo Robinson, whose daughter Josie was put on the wall after missing lessons, wants to make a
complaint. The teenager had been missing school and turning up late because she was upset that her
mother was ill. She said: " I thought it was embarrassing."
Mr Robinson added: "She was in tears. She couldn"t tell me at first - it took her about an hour-because she wasn"t sure what I would think of it. When she told me I was really shocked. I contacted at least 20
friends and they all agreed it was wrong - it"s like Victorian times."
Head teacher Andy Park said: "We"ve successfully used a similar scheme in the past with Year 11
students to incentivise pupils and it really did make a difference - pupils took it in the right spirit and were motivated by it to improve their performance. Obviously this latest scheme wasn"t intended to cause
offence to pupils. It was actually developed to praise the students moving forwards successfully and to
support pupils who needed to make improvements. No parents have complained directly to the school
and I"d be very happy to meet with any parents to discuss further."
Mr Robinson told the reporter he had contacted the school to schedule a meeting with the head
teacher.
B. The methods are totally out of time.
C. The methods have a long history.
D. The methods worked well in the past.
B. She hated the wall of shame.
C. She wasn"t on the wall of fame.
D. Her mother was not well.
B. To exchange.
C. To hurt. D. To force.
B. Most students didn"t take the scheme in the right spirit.
C. Twenty other parents have similar complaints.
D. The school has apologized to Mr. Robinson.
called a magician, who claims to have supernatural powers.
Magic words. To work most magic, the magician sings or speaks special words in a certain order.
These words are called incantations or spells. Some spells form prayers to demons(魔鬼), spirits, or
other supernatural forces. Many societies believe the magic will not work unless the magician recites
the spells perfectly. Other magic words have no meaning, though they supposedly possess power when
spoken by a magician.
Magic actions accompany the words spoken in performing much magic. Many of these movements
act out the desired effect of the magic. For example, a magician trying to make rain fall may sprinkle(洒)
water on the ground. The magician"s combined words and actions form a ceremony.
Magic objects include certain plants, stones, and other things with supposed supernatural powers.
Any such object may be called a fetish(物神). But this term often refers to an object-for example, a
carving or a dried snake-honored by a tribe for its magic powers. Many tribes believe fetishes have
magic power because spirits live in these objects.
Many people carry magic objects called amulets(护身符)to protect themselves from harm. Many
amulets are stones or rings engraved(雕刻) with magic symbols.
The magician. In some societies, nearly everyone knows how to work some magic. In other societies,
only experts practice magic. Magicians may be called medicine men, medicine women, shamans,
sorcerers, or witch doctors. In many societies, magicians must inherit their powers. In others, any person
may become a magician by studying the magical arts.
Many societies believe magicians must observe certain rules and taboos (forbidden actions) for their
spells to work. For example, they may be required not to eat various foods or to avoid sexual activity for
a certain period before the ceremony.
B. They have power if magician recites the right spells.
C. They have no effect at all.
D. They can be used whenever they want.
B. magic objects
C. stones or rings engraved with magic symbols
D. medicine
B. Because it is carved with magic symbols.
C. Because people think spirits live in it.
D. Because it can help them with many things.
B. Only those inheriting their powers.
C. Only men.
D. Almost all the people in some societies.
B. The Power of Magic
C. How to Practice Magic
D. The Choice of Magicians
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