words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as formal texts. It is always much better
to tell a story than read it out of a book, and, if a parent can produce what, in the actual situation of the
time and the child, is an improvement on the printed text, so much the better.
A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or making him sad
thinking. To prove the latter, one would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have
read fairy stories were more often sorry for cruelty than those who had not. As to fears, there are, I think,
some cases of children being dangerously terrified by some fairy story. Often, however, this arises(出现)
from the child having heard the story once. Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into
the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered.
There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively true,
that giants, witches, two-headed dragons, magic carpets, etc. do not exist; and that, instead of being fond
of the strange side in fairy tales, the child should be taught to learn the reality by studying history. I find such
people, I must say so peculiar(奇怪的) that I do not know how to argue with them. If their case were
sound, the world should be full of mad men attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a stick or
covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their beloved girl-friend.
No fairy story ever declared to be a description of the real world and no clever child has ever believe
d that it was.
B. treated as a joke
C. made some changes by the parent
D. set in the present
B. heard for the first time
C. repeated too often
D. told in a different way h
B. develops their power of memory
C. makes them believe there is nothing to be afraid of
D. encourages them not to have strange beliefs
B. there is some misunderstanding about fairy tales
C. people try to modernize old fairy stories
D. there is more concern for children"s fears nowadays
B. they just make up the stories which are far from the truth
C. they are not interesting
D. they make teachers of history difficult to teach
with 2 (confident) and without hesitation. Thirdly, we must be able to read the language, and fourthly,
we must be able to write it. We must be able to make sentences that are 3 (grammatical) correct.
There is no easy way to succeed 4 language learning. 5 good memory is a great help, but it is
not enough only 6 (memorize) rules from a grammar book. It is not much use learning by heart long
lists of words and their meanings, 7 (study) the dictionary and so on. We must learn by using the
language. If we are 8 (satisfy) with only a few rules we have memorized, we are not really learning the
language. “Learn through use” is a good piece of advice for those 9 are studying a new language.
Practice is important. We must practise speaking and writing the language 10 we can.
Judging from recent surveys, most experts in sleep behaviour agree that there is an epidemic (流行病) of sleepiness in the nation. “I can’t think of a single study that hasn’t found Americans getting less sleep
than they ought to,” says Dr. David. Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be
better off with more rest.
The beginning of our sleep-lack crises can be traced back to the invention of the light bulb a century
ago. From diary entries and our personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries, sleep scientists have
reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night. “The best sleep
habits once were forced on us, when we had nothing to do in the evening on the farm, and it was dark.” By the 1950s and 1960s, the sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically, to between 7.5 and 8 hours, and most people had to wake to an alarm clock. “People cheat in their sleep, and they don’t even realize
they’re doing it,” says Dr. David. “They think they’re okay because they can manage with 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5, 8 or even more to feel ideally energetic.”
Perhaps the most cruel robber of sleep, researches say, is the complexity of the day. Whenever
pressures from work, family, friends and community increase, many people consider sleep the least
expensive item on their programme. “In our society, you’re considered energetic if you say you need only 5.5 hours’ sleep. If you have to get 8.5 hours, people think you lack drive and ambition.”
To determine the consequences of sleep-lack, researchers have put subjects through a set of
psychological and performance tests requiring them, for instance, to add columns of numbers or recall a
passage read to them only minutes earlier. “We’ve found that if you’re lacking in sleep, performance
suffers,” says Dr. David. “Short-term memory is weakened, so are abilities to make decisions and to
concentrate.”
1. What is the main topic of the passage?
A. Research on the causes and consequences of sleep-lack.
B. The epidemic of sleepiness in the modern times.
C. The history of people’s sleeping patterns.
D. The minimum of our sleeping hours.
2. Which of the following is Dr. David’s opinion?
A. People who think they are sleeping enough are better off than those who don’t.
B. Some people can remain energetic with only 6.5 hours’ sleep a night.
C. If they get 8.5 hours’ sleep, people will be full of drive and ambition.
D. People’s performance becomes worse if they are lacking in sleep.
3. People in the 18th and 19th centuries slept about 9.5 hours a night because __________.
A. they were forced by their parents to do so
B. they knew what was best for their health
C. they had no electricity
D. they were not so energetic and ambitious as modern people are
4. The major cause of sleep-lack of modern people is _______.
A. the endless TV programmes in the evenings and on the Internet
B. the heavy work load of the day
C. the enough energy modern people usually have
D. loud noises in the modern cities
5. What does the word “subject” in paragraph 4 mean?
A. Person or thing that is being discussed or described.
B. Branch of knowledge studied in a school.
C. Person or thing being treated in a certain way or being experimented on.
D. Any member of a State apart from the supreme ruler.
unavoidably at the bottom of the list. Music is nice, people seem to say, but not important. Too often it is
viewed as mere entertainment, but certainly not an education priority（优先）. This view is shortsighted.
In fact, music education is beneficial and important for all students.
Music tells us who we are. Because music is an expression of the beings who create it, it reflects their
thinking and values and the social environment it came from. Rock music represents a lifestyle just as surely
as does a Schubert song. The jazz influence that George Gershwin and other musicians introduced into
their music is obviously American because it came from American musical traditions. Music expresses our
character and values. It gives us identity as a society.
Music provides a kind of perception（感知）that cannot be acquired any other way. Science can
explain how the sun rises and sets. The arts explore the emotive meaning of the same phenomenon. We
need every possible way to discover and respond to our world for one simple but powerful reason: No
one way can get it all.
The arts are forms of thoughts as powerful in what they communicate as mathematical and scientific
symbols. They are ways we human beings “talk” to each other. They are the language of civilization
through which we express our fears, our curiosities, our discoveries, our hopes. The arts are ways we give
form to our ideas and imagination so that they can be shared with others. When we do not give children
access to an important way of expressing themselves such as music, we take away from them the meanings
that music expresses.
Science and technology do not tell u
s what it means to be human. The arts do. Music is an important way we express human suffering, celebration, the meaning and value of peace and love.So music
education is far more necessary than people seem to realize.
B. disagree with their parents on education
C. view music as an overlooked subject
D. prefer the arts to science
B. show music identifies a society
C. introduce American musical traditions
D. prove music influences people’s lifestyles
B. explore different phenomena of the world
C. express people’s feelings in different ways
D. approach the world from different angles
B. Music should be of top education priority.
C. Music education deserves more attention.
D. Music makes students more imaginative.
阅读理解
High school dropouts（辍学者）earn an average of $ 9 ,000 less per year than graduates. Now a
new study dispels a common belief why they quit. It’s much more basic than flunking out（不及格）.
Society tends to think of high school dropouts as kids who just can’t cut it. They are lazy ,and
perhaps not two bright．So researchers were surprised when they asked more than 450 kids who
quit school about why they left.
""The vast majority actually had passing grades and they were confident that they could have
graduated from high school. “ John Bridgeland , the executive researcher said. About 1 million teens
leave school each year. Only about half of African-American and Hispanic（美籍西班牙的）
students will receive a diploma（证书） ,and actually all dropouts come to regret their decision.
So , if failing grades don’t explain why these kids quit , what does? Again ,John Bridgeland : “The
most dependable finding was that they were bored. “ They found classes uninteresting; they weren’t
inspired or motivated. They didn’t see any direct connection between what they were learning in the
classroom to their own lives , or to their career aspirations. "
The study found that most teens who do drop out wait until they turn sixteen , which happens to be
the age at which most states allow students to quit. In the US ,only one state ,New Mexico ,has a
law requiring teenagers to stay in high school until they graduate. Only four states: California ,
Tennessee , Texas and Utah , plus the District
of Columbia , require school attendance until age 18 ,
no exceptions , another researcher ,says raising the compulsory attendance age may be one way to
keep more kids in school．
""As these dropouts look back ,they realize they’ve made a mistake. And anything that sort of
gives these people an extra push to stick it out and it through to the end , is probably helpful measure. ""
New Hampshire may be the next state to raise its school attendance age to 18. But critics say that
forcing the students unwilling to continue their studies to stay in school misses the point－the need for
reform. It"s been called for to reinvent high school education to make it more challenging and relevant ,
and to ensure that kids who do stick it out receive a diploma that actually means something.
1. Most high school students drop out of school because .
A. they have failing grade
B. they take no interest in classes
C. they are discriminated against
D. they are lazy and not intelligent
2. The underlined words “stick it out “ probably means “ "".
A. complete schooling
B. solve the problem
C. love having classes
D. believe in themselves
3. In the last paragraph , the writer is trying to .
A. analyze the reason why students quit school
B. suggest raising the compulsory attendance age
C. raise awareness of reforming high school education
D. wish to make laws to guarantee no education
4. From the passage ,we can infer the following EXCEPT that ．
A. the grades of most dropouts at school were acceptable
B. about 500 , 000 high school dropouts are black and Spanish
C. classes don"t appeal to dropouts
D. on average dropouts cannot get good jobs
阅读理解
Honesty comes in many forms. First there’s self-honesty. Is what people see the real article or do
you appear through smoke and mirrors? I find that if I try to be something I’m not, I feel unsure of
myself and take out a part from my PBA(personal bank account ). I love how singer Judy Garland put
it, “Always be a first-class version(版本) of yourself , instead of a second-class version of somebody
else .”
Then there’s honesty in our actions. Are you honest at school, with your parents, and with your
boss? If you’ve ever been dishonest, I think we all have, try being honest, and notice how whole it
makes you feel. Remember, you can’t do wrong and feel right. This story by Jeff is a good example
of that:
In my second year of study, there were three kids in my math class who didn’t do well. I was really
good at it. I would charge them three dollars for each test that I helped them pass. I’d write on a little
piece of paper all the right answers, and hand them off.
At first I felt like I was making money, kind of a nice job. I wasn’t thinking about how it could hurt
all of us.
After a while I realized I shouldn’t do that anymore, because I wasn’t really helping them.
They weren’t learning anything, and it would only get harder down the road. Cheating certainly wasn’t
helping me.
It takes courage to be honest when people all around you are getting away with cheating on tests,
lying to their parents, and stealing at work. But, remember, every act of honesty is a deposit（储蓄）
into your PBA and will build strength .
1. The underlined part “appear through smoke and mirrors” in the first paragraph means
""_____________"".
A. to be honest
B. to be unreal
C. to become clear
D. to come from an imagined world
2. Which of the following can best explain Judy Garland’s words?
A. Be your true self rather than follow others.
B. Don’t copy others or you can’t be the first class.
C. Make efforts to be the first instead of the second.
D. Don’t learn from others unless they’re excellent.
3. What does the author expect to show by Jeff’s story?
A. honesty can be of great help.
B. A bad thing can be turned into a good one.
C. Helping others cheat can do good to nobody but yourself.
D. One should realize the wrong in his bad deeds.
4. In the last paragraph the author mainly wants to express _______ .
A. one must be brave to be honest
B. it’s difficult to be honest when others are not
C. one should be honest when making a deposit
D. honesty in one’s actions can help him in the future
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