题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
The “Bystander Apathy Effect” was first studied by researchers in New York after neighbours ignored --- and in some cases turned up the volume on their TVs --- the cries of a woman as she was murdered (over a half-hour period). With regard to helping those in difficulty generally, they found that:
women are helped more than men;
men help more than women;
attractive women are helped more than unattractive women.
Other factors relate to the number of people in the area, whether the person is thought to be in trouble through their own fault, and whether a person sees himself as being able to help.
According to Adrian Furnham, Professor of University College, London, there are three reasons why we tend to stand by doing nothing:
“Shifting of responsibility” --- the more people there are, the less likely help is to be given. Each person excuses himself by thinking someone else will help, so that the more “other people” there are, the greater the total shifting of responsibility.
“Fear of making a mistake” --- situations are often not clear. People think that those involved in an incident may know each other or it may be a joke, so a fear of embarrassment makes them keep themselves to themselves.
“Fear of the consequences if attention is turned on you, and the person is violent.”
Laurie Taylor, Professor of Sociology at London University, says: “In the experiments I’ve seen on intervention(介入), much depends on the neighborhood or setting. There is a silence on public transport which is hard to break. We are embarrassed to draw attention to something that is
![](http://img.shitiku.com.cn/uploads/allimg/20191216/20191216012622-24026.gif)
Psychotherapist Alan Dupuy identifies the importance of the individual: “the British as a whole have some difficulty intervention, but there are exceptional individuals in every group who are prepared to intervene, regardless of their own safety. These would be people with a strong moral code or religious ideals.”
60. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A. Pretty women are more likely to be helped.
B. People on a bus are more likely to stop a crime.
C. Religious people are more likely to look on.
D. Criminals are more likely to harm women.
61. Which factor is NOT related with intervention according to the passage?
A. Sex. B. Nationality. C. Profession. D. Setting.
62. Which phenomenon can be described as the “Bystander Apathy Effect”?
A. A man is more likely to help than a woman.
B. In a football match, people get involved in a fight.
C. Seeing a murder, people feel sorry that it should have happened.
D. On hearing a cry for help, people keep themselves to themselves.
63. The author wrote this article _______.
A. to explain why bystanders behave as they do
B. to urge people to stand out when in need
C. to criticize the selfishness of bystanders
D. to analyze the weakness of human nature
答案
小题1:A
小题2:C
小题3:D
小题4:A
解析
核心考点
试题【The “Bystander Apathy Effect” was first studied by researchers in New York after】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
The magnitude 7.9 quake struck Sichuan province on May 12 at around noontime, which may have increased the human death toll because many people were at school, and the school buildings turned out to be not firm enough to collapse because of poor construction. More than 69,000 people have been confirmed dead so far, and more than 374,000 injured, with fears of further disasters because several lakes created by rockfall dams may give way and cause sudden flooding.
Clark Burchfiel, Schlumberger Professor of Geology, and Leigh Royden, professor of geology and geophysics in the Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences at MIT, have been doing extensive research in that region of China and the Tibetan plateau(高原) for more than two decades, but had found no signs that suggested such a large earthquake might strike the area.
The team operated 25 broadband seismograph (地震仪) stations in this region of western Sichuan for more than a year. "Nobody was thinking there would be a major earthquake in that area," Royden says. "This earthquake was quite unusual, and may have involved a simultaneously(同时发生的) severe break of two separate but neighboring faults," she continued.
The region is extremely unusual geologically, Royden says, because of the very steep slopes at the boundary between the Sichuan Basin to the east and the Tibetan plateau to the west. The altitude rises sharply by about 3,500 meters (more than two miles) over a span of only about 50 kilometers (about 30 miles).
The area where the quake occurred is part of the boundary between two of the Earth"s structural plates, where the Indian and Asian plates meet in an ongoing collision that has created the Himalayan mountains and the Tibetan plateau. But in central and eastern Tibet, unlike most other areas of continental collision, much of the movement of crust(地壳) is hidden from view. Instead of thickening the entire crust by folding and faulting, the surface of the eastern Tibetan plateau is not deformed(变形的) and is being lifted upward by thickening of a weak crustal layer more than 15 km below the surface.
60. Why did the school buildings collapse in the earthquake, according to the passage?
A. They had too long a history.
B. They were poorly built.
C. They were crowded with students and teachers.
D. They were damaged by the earthquake.
61. Based on Para. 1, why does the writer think that more people will be killed or injured after
the earthquake?
A. Because there will be more aftershocks after the major quake.
B. Because more school buildings will collapse after the quake.
C. Because destructive flooding caused by rockfall dams is likely to occur..
D. Because there was not enough medical care for the injured in the area.
62. What can we infer from this passage?
A. There was no prediction that such a large-scale quake might occur there.
B. Researchers had done little research in that area before the earthquake struck it.
C. The 5.12 earthquake was the most destructive in the world.
D. If more research had been done, the destruction could have been avoided.
63. Which one can be used as the best title for this passage?
A. The Great Disasters.
B. The Earthquake was very frightening.
C. The Causes of the earthquake.
D. An Extremely Unusual Earthquake.
Yoga(瑜伽)is an ancient practice that helps create a sense of union in body, mind, and spirit. It brings us balance. After a long time of practice yoga, you no longer just practice it — you love it.
Yoga becomes part of your physical life. Your body grows stronger, more toned(有弹性的), and more flexible as you move from one pose to another. I spent a week in Mexico at a yoga retreat, and it was the first vacation on which I lost weight. “Rather than building muscles, yoga builds muscle tone,” says Shakta Kaur Khalsa, author of KISS Guide to Yoga. “Because yoga helps maintain a balanced metabolism(新陈代谢), and it also helps to control weight. Additionally, yoga stretches muscles lengthwise, causing fat around the cells disappear, thus losing weight
![](http://img.shitiku.com.cn/uploads/allimg/20191216/20191216012504-71250.gif)
I do yoga poses throughout the day. After hours at my computer, I stretch my stiff shoulders and arms. When I need an increase in energy, I do energizing poses. When I am feeling exhausted at the end of the day, I do restorative(恢复体力的)poses.
Yoga becomes part of your mental life. Yoga teaches you to focus on breathing while you hold the poses. This attention to breath is calming; it dissolves(使消除)stress and anxiety. I use yogic breathing on the tennis court, in the dentist’s chair, and when I’m stuck in traffic.
You should always leave a yoga practice feeling energized, but not tired. If you feel tired after yoga, it means you spent the time “fighting” yourself, trying to force yourself into poses. In yoga, you “surrender” to the poses by letting go of the tension.
64. What will be talked about if this passage continues?
A. Yoga is becoming part of your spiritual life.
B. Yoga is becoming popular all over the world.
C. The disadvantages of yoga.
D. Encouraging people to do yoga.
65. According to the second paragraph, yoga can help people ___.
A. grow tall B. lose weightC. be flexible in thinking D. make friends
66. Why does a person feel tired after yoga?
A. Because when practicing yoga, people will consume a lot of energy.
B. Because he or she surrenders to the poses by letting go of the tension.
C. Because yoga doesn’t benefit all the people.
D. Because he or she doesn’t do yoga poses naturally.
67. What would be the best title for this passage?
A. What’s yoga? B. How do I do yoga poses?
C. The benefits of yoga. C. The varieties of yoga.
The Jonas Brothers are an American pop-rock band from Wyckoff,New Jersey.Born to musical parents.the Jonas Brothers grew up in a home where music was a large part of everyday life.Father Kevin Jonas,Sr.is the co-founder of Christ For The Nations Music,as well as a pastor(牧师)at a local church,in Wyckoff, NJ.Growing up in such a musically accomplished family gave the boys a love for music,as well as a bit of inside knowledge about the workings of the music industry.
19-year-old Kevin Jonas is the oldest of the three boys.At 13,Kevin taught himself to play me guitar, simply by studying a “Teach Yourself Guitar” book that he had found lying around his parents’home in New Jersey.Kevin spent about three days learning all of the major guitar chords(和弦)while he was home from school,due to illness.Even before their band was formed,Kevin had already appeared in several television commercials for Disney, Lego,and Burger King.
Joseph Jonas is 17 years old.While Joe originally wanted to be a comedian,he always had a love for music as well.Joe’s appearance in Baz Luhrmann’s Broadway production of“La Boheme” was his first performance as a singer.Joe said that watching his brother, Kevin,perform on Broadway was what motivated him to want to give musical theatre a try.Since discovering his talent for musical performances,Joe has never turned back.
Nick Jonas is 14 years old, and the youngest of the three Jonas Brothers.Despite his young age, he is sometimes referred to as the motivation behind the band. At 6 Nick was singing while getting his hair cut at a local barber shop, when a lady heard him, and gave him a card, suggesting that he should meet with a professional manager. From then on Nick was performing in front of audiences, big and small. Nick landed roles in Broadway shows like “Annie Get Your Gun”, “Beauty and the Beast”, and “Les Miserables”.
64.Kevin Jonas learned to play the guitar
A.by himself B.from his father
C.at a music school D.under his teacher’s guidance
65.Joseph Jonas decided to try singing on stage because
A.he had longed to do so since his childhood
B.his parents wanted the brothers to sing together
C.he was invited to act in a show at a local theatre
D.Kevin’s performance on Broad way inspired him
66.From the passage,we can infer that .
A.the barber decided to give Nick Jonas a free hair cut
B.the owner of the shop considered Nick Jonas a VIP
C.Nick Jonas was advised to discuss his future career
D.Nick Jonas’handsome appearance attracted a woman
67.The passage is intended to .
A.offer readers information about the Jonas Brothers
B.prove strong family ties combine the boys together
C.explain why the three brothers began singing together
D.show how the boys are different from one another
Wild Blue is a none-of-a-kind, geography-oriented exploration and adventure center for children aged 3 through 10.Our mission is to immerse(使沉浸于)children and their families in experiences that relate to the people,places and natural elements of the wonderful planet we live on.All our programs are developed and led by our own world-class team of explorers and educators.The following is a brief introduction to some of our classes:
Global Kitchen
All over the world,people gather together to share meals.In this class, children will learn about the cuisine of a foreign country or region while they create a delicious snack. Recipes will be kid-friendly, and use ingredients(原料)from the country of origin.Your child will learn healthy,easy-to-create recipes he can bring home to share!
Documentary Filmmaking
This 50-minute video documentary film class is specially designed for our 6and 7 years old explorers.Classes will concentrate on the basics of visual storytelling and include subject discovery, story development, storyboard, filming,editing and presenting.Participants will work as a team to produce their own documentary, which will then be screened for friends and family at the course’s conclusion.
Exploring the Wonders of Earth
Designed specifically with our youngest explorers in mind, this semester-long program will expose your child to a wide variety of exciting scientific events that occur on our planet,from chocolate melting,to volcanoes erupting,to seeds sprouting.Through this course children will begin to develop an awareness of the science that makes the earth a marvelous place.
A World of Arts and Crafts
Whether you are seeking to simply extend your child’s time at Wild Blue or looking for a favorite pastime,we offer our own unique version of arts and crafts.Focusing on using found objects,this course encourages children to draw creative inspiration from cultures around the world.This course is available,upon request, as an additional class in your child’S schedule.
68.We can know from the passage that Wild Blue
A.aims to urge people to protect the environment
B.is specially designed for children and teens
C.focuses on the relationship between people
D.permits adults to participate in its activities
69.Children who study documentary filmmaking .
A.are supposed to work in teams
B.have to sign up with several friends
C.will learn everything about filmmaking
D.will make a documentary on their family
70.Those who take the“Exploring the Wonders of Earth” course can .
A.learn to make chocolate
B.see volcanoes erupting in person
C.know more about exciting scientific events
D.make the world more marvelous
71.A World of Arts and Crafts is designed .
A.for new beginners with artistic talent
B.for children to improve their drawing style
C.to help children learn about arts and cultures
D.to teach children how to spend their spare time
Ⅲ 阅读 (共两节,满分40分)
第一节阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中,选出最佳选项,并存答题卡上将该
项涂黑。
Increasingly over the last few years,we have become familiar with the range of small electronic devices or “smart” accessories (附件,饰品 ) . Pocket heart -rate monitors for joggers and electronic maps are just the first examples of many new products that promise to change our lives in all sorts of surprising ways.
As a scientist at New York University . Rosalind Picard tries out different smart accessories before they go on the market. One of these was the so-called " frown (皱眉)headband". Rosalind was shocked to realize just how often she frowned. Stuck in a traffic jam recently, Rosalind kept hearing the sounds of the tiny sensor inside the band worn around her forehead -each time she frowned in annoyance, the sensor gave out a signal.
Another computer scientist , Stevcn Feiner, is working on a pair of glasses that will do more than help you to see .Imagine you want to try a restaurant in a foreign city but you"re not familiar with the dishes on the menu. If you are weanng a pair of Steven"s glasses . all yau have to do is glance above the restauran’s doorway and your glasses will immediately become windows to the Tntemet, offering you full details of the meals served inside. The glasses could also be used to help people make speeches,give chefs access to the latest recipes and even provide doctors with
patient information while they carry out operations.
At the moment, Steven"s invention looks more like a large ski mask than a pair of glasses.
It"s a headset connected to a hand-held computer and a Global Positioning System ( GPS ) receiver, which tracks the wearer"s position. But he says that these head-worn displays will eventually get smaller and lighter as technology improves.
And, of course, this new technology has a fashionable as well as a useful application. A chemical engineer named Roben Langer has invented a new microchip that, if put inside a ring,can give off different smells according to a person"s mood. That, of course, may or may not appeal to you. And,in the end , it is shoppers . not scientiscs , who will determine which of these smart accessories will succeed as fashionable items and which are sure tO join history"s long list of crazy inventions.
It is clear,however ,that as computers get smaller and cheapcr. Lhcy will pop up in all sorts
of easily-wearable accessories . even in the buttons on your coat. WhaCs morc, this is something that"s going to happen a lot sooner than we all expect.
41. When Rosalind wore the headband, she was surprised a___________
A. how well the sensor worked B. how she was affected by traffic
C. how strong the signal was D. how uncomfortable it was
42. For people eating out , Steven’ s glasses can___________
A . give them a restaurant"s location
B. let them see a restaurant"s environment
C. inform them about a restaurant’s menu
D. tell them about a restaurant"s quality
43. What is the current problem with Stevcn"s glasses?
A. Limited function. B. Inconvenience.
C. High cost. D. Poor Internet access.
44. In general, what does the writer think about smart accessories?
A. They will soon be widely available.
B. Much more research is needed into them.
C. Only a few of them will appeal to shoppers.
D. Most of them are considered to be crazy inventions.
45. What"s the writer"s purpose in writing this passage?
A. To advertise some smart accessories.
B .To tell interesting stories about smart accessories.
C. To argue that smart accessories are fashionable.
D. To introduce the idea of smart accessories.
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