题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
Natural leaves are able to change sunlight and water into energy. It is known as photosynthesis (光合作用). Now researchers have found a way to imitate this seemingly simple process.
The artificial leaf developed by Daniel Nocera and his colleagues at MIT can be seen as a special silicon chip (硅片) with catalysts (催化剂). Similar to natural leaves, it can split water into hydrogen and oxygen when put into a bucket of water. The hydrogen and oxygen gases are then stored in a fuel cell (电池), which uses those two materials to produce electricity, located either on top of a house or beside the house.
Though the leaf is only about the shape of a poker card, scientists claimed that it is promising to be an inexpensive source of electricity in developing countries. “One can imagine villages in India and Africa not long from now purchasing an affordable basic power system based on this technology,” said Docera at a conference of the American Chemical Society.
An artificial leaf is not a new idea. The first artificial leaf was invented in 1997 but was too expensive and unstable for practical use. The new leaf, by contrast, is made of cheap materials, easy to use and highly stable. In laboratory studies, Nocera showed that an artificial leaf prorotype (原型) could operate continuously for at least 45 hours without a drop in activity.
The wonderful improvements come from Nocera’s recent discovery of several powerful new, inexpensive catalysts. These catalysts make the energy transformation (转换) inside the leaf more efficient with water and sunlight. Right now, the new leaf is about 10 times more efficient at carrying out photosynthesis than a natural one. Besides, the device can run in whatever water is available; that is, it doesn’t need pure water. This is important for some countries that don’t have access to pure water.
With the goal to “make each home its own power station” and “giving energy to the poor”, scientists believe that the new application could be widely used in developing countries, especially in India and rural China.
小题1:Which of the following order correctly shows how the artificial leaf is used to produce electricity?
a. artificial leaves split water into hydrogen and oxygen
b. the hydrogen and oxygen gases are stored in a fuel cell
c. the artificial leaves are put in water
d. the fuel cell uses hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity
A.cbad | B.cabd | C.bcad | D.cadb |
A.They are inexpensive but unstable. |
B.They are as efficient at carrying out photosynthesis as natural leaves. |
C.They can work only in pure water. |
D.They need several catalysts to help them work efficiently. |
A.build-up more power stations in the world |
B.provide cheaper energy for developing countries |
C.offer people in developing countries access to pure water |
D.gain a deeper understanding of the photosynthesis process |
A.Introduction to the history of artificial leaves. |
B.An invention copying photosynthesis. |
C.Giving energy to the poor. |
D.A mixture of water power and solar energy. |
答案
小题1:B
小题2:D
小题3:B
小题4:B
解析
小题1:细节理解题,根据文中语句“Similar to natural leaves, it can split water into hydrogen and oxygen when put into a bucket of water. The hydrogen and oxygen gases are then stored in a fuel cell (电池), which uses those two materials to produce electricity, located either on top of a house or beside the house.”理解可知。
小题2:细节理解题,根据文中语句“These catalysts make the energy transformation (转换) inside the leaf more efficient with water and sunlight. Right now, the new leaf is about 10 times more efficient at carrying out photosynthesis than a natural one. Besides, the device can run in whatever water is available; that is, it doesn’t need pure water.”理解可知。
小题3:细节理解题,根据文中语句“With the goal to “make each home its own power station” and “giving energy to the poor”, scientists believe that the new application could be widely used in developing countries, especially in India and rural China.”理解可知。
小题4:理解归纳题,根据文中语句“”理解可知。
核心考点
试题【What will power your house in the future? Nuclear, wind, or solar power? Accordi】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
The psychologist Jean Piaget (1896-1980) has been credited with making a major breakthrough in this area when he put forward his idea that children were not actually less intelligent than adults, rather they just thought in a different way. Preciously the development of children right from birth through to adulthood was an area that was almost completely neglected. In fact very little work was done in this area. However, interest in this field has now developed to the point of being one of the most debated of all the areas of psychology.
Despite popular belief that factors such as genetics or personal characteristics are the only determining factors that influence a youth’s behavior, this is not in fact the case. In reality, development actually includes many more factors than those contained within an individual. Factors such as environment, which can include social relationships and the surrounding culture, also play important roles. Relationships with both peers and adults will no doubt affect how children think and learn, and therefore develop. These relationships can include those that are found not only within families but also in schools and peer groups.
Culturally speaking, this factor will contribute greatly to how children develop their personality concerning the values they end up holding (perhaps for a lifetime) as well as how they view such things as traditions and customs.
Nowadays, psychologists have agreed that a child’s psychology is both unique and highly complex. However, there are debates on many different points in this field and many viewpoints exist.
小题1:The word “neglected” underlined in Paragraph 2 can be replaced by “______”.
A.ignored | B.destroyed | C.developed | D.explored |
A.Popular belief about child psychology. |
B.The role families play in a child’s development. |
C.Factors that affect a child’s development. |
D.The importance of relationships to a child. |
A.introduce an important psychologist. |
B.give a brief introduction to child psychology. |
C.compare some of the areas of psychology. |
D.explain the development in psychology. |
Psychologists Dr Brenda Todd from City University London carried out an experiment involving 90 infants aged nine months to 36 months. The babies were allowed to choose from seven toys. Some were stereotypically boys" toys - a car, a digger, a ball and a blue teddy. The rest were girls’ toys: a pink teddy, a doll and a cooking set. They were placed a meter away from the toys, and could pick whichever toy they liked. Their choice and the amount of time they spent playing with each toy were recorded.
Of the youngest children (nine to 14 months), girls spent significantly longer playing with the doll than boys, and boys spent much more time with the car and ball than the girls did. Among the two-and three-year-olds, girls spent 50 percent of the time playing with the doll while only two boys briefly touched it. The boys spent almost 90 percent of their time playing with cars, which the girls barely touched. There was no link between the parents’ view on which toys were more appropriate for boys or girls, and the children’s choice.
Dr Brenda Todd said: “Children of this age are already exposed to much socialization. Boys may be given ‘toys that go’ while girls get toys they can care for, which may help shape their preference. But these findings agree with the former idea that children show natural interests in particular kinds of toys. There could be a biological basis for their choices. Males through evolution have been adapted to prefer moving objects, probably through hunting instincts(本能), while girls prefer warmer colors such as pink, the color of a newborn baby.”
小题1:Baby boys and girls have different toy preferences probably because .
A.baby boys are much more active |
B.baby girls like bright colors more |
C.their parents treat them differently |
D.there is a natural difference between them |
A.Nine-month-old baby boys don’t play with dolls at all. |
B.Two-year-old baby girls sometimes play with cars and balls. |
C.The older the babies are, the more obvious their preference is. |
D.Parents should teach their babies to share each other’s toys. |
A.Adults purposely influence their babies preference. |
B.Babies’ preference isn’t affected by social surroundings. |
C.Baby boys preferring to moving toys will be good at hunting. |
D.Baby girls preferring warmer colors will be warm-hearted. |
A.science | B.health | C.education | D.entertainment |
Charter schools are self-governing.Private companies operate some charter schools.They are similar in some ways to traditional public schools.They receive tax money just as other public schools do.Charter schools must prove to local or state governments that their students are learning.These governments provide the schools with the agreement called a charter that permits them to operate.
Charter schools are different because they do not have to obey most laws governing traditional public schools.Local, state, or federal governments cannot tell them what to teach.Each school can choose its own goals and decide the ways it wants to reach them.Class size is usually smaller than in traditional public schools.
The Bush Administration strongly supports charter schools as a way to re-organize public schools that are failing to educate students.But some education agencies and unions oppose charter schools.One teachers" union has just made public the results of the first national study comparing the progress of students in traditional schools and charter schools.
The American Federation of Teachers criticized the government"s delay in releasing the results of the study, which is called the National Assessment of Educational Progress.Union education experts say the study shows that charter school students performed worse on math and reading tests than students in regular public schools.
Some experts say the study is not a fair look at charter schools because students in those schools have more problems than students in traditional schools.Other education experts say the study results should make charter school officials demand improved student progress.
小题1:If a private company wants to operate a charter school, it must______.
A.try new methods of teaching | B.prove its management ability |
C.obey the local and state laws | D.get the government"s permission |
A.Doubtful | B.Supportive. | C.Subjective. | D.Optimistic. |
A.More students choose to attend charter schools. |
B.Charter schools are better than traditional schools. |
C.Students in charter schools are well educated. |
D.People have different opinions about charter schools. |
A.charter schools are part of the public education system |
B.one-on-one attention should be paid to students |
C.the number of charter schools will be limited |
D.charter schools are all privately financed |
Sounds ridiculous, doesn’t? The only thing more absurd than the story itself is the fact that is not fiction. There are people who have sued(控告)fast food chains for causing their weight problems.
This is an example of one of the ways in which many of us spend enormous amounts of energy trying to deny the undeniable and universal fact that we are all ultimately responsible for our own choices and our own lives.
How much easier would we make it for ourselves if we could accept this fact rather than resist it? But how can we embrace the truth, that we are living the lives we choose to live, that we are enjoying or suffering the consequences(结果) of our own choices, and that blaming others for our problems and shortcomings is nothing more than a comfortable fantasy?
We must acknowledge the truth of our lives, however unpleasant this may be. If we are overweight, in a bad relationship, in a dead end, we need to accept that this is where we are, at this moment in time.
Imagine that woman decided that she was unhappy with the extra pounds she’d gained after many years of eating fast food on a regular basis. Imagine that this woman took the time to really understand and accept that she and no one else was responsible for her eating choices. Having acknowledged this fact, she then decides to make the changes in her lifestyle to become the healthier, slimmer person she wants to be.
小题1:What would be the best title for the passage?
A.Be responsible for Our Own Choices. |
B.Overcome the Challenges in Our Life. |
C.Acknowledge the Truth Rather than Deny It. |
D.More than a Comfortable Fantasy. |
A.To show the right way of dealing with weight problems. |
B.To describe a familiar scenario in life. |
C.To give support to the author’s viewpoint. |
D.To compare the consequences of different choices. |
A.Fast food chains contribute little to people’s overweight problems actually. |
B.Fast food outlets are responsible for many people to become overweight. |
C.Many people tend to blame others for their own problems. |
D.The author himself is a supporter of fast food chains. |
A.Acknowledge the truth of his life and let it be. |
B.Think about what’s wrong with himself and then put it right. |
C.Accept that this is where we are and wait for things to improve. |
D.Do whatever he likes regardless of what others think and say. |
You’ve probably seen a Venus’ flytrap. It’s often sold in museum gift stores, department stores, and even supermarkets. A small plant, it grows 6 to 8 inches tall in a container. At the end of its stalks(茎)are specially modified leaves that act like traps. Inside each trap is a lining of tiny trigger(触发) hairs. When an insect lands on them, the trap suddenly shut. Over the course of a week or so, the plant feeds on its catch.
The Venus’ flytrap is just one of more than 500 species of meat-eating plants, says Barry Meyers-Rice, the editor of the International Carnivorous Plant Society’s Newsletter. Note: Despite any science –fiction stories you might have read, no meat-eating plant does any danger to humans.
Dr. Meyers-Rice says a plant is meat-eating, only if it does all four of the following: “attract, kill, digest, and absorb” some forms of insects, including flies, butterflies, and moths. Meat-eating plants look and act like other green plants ---well, most of the time.
All green plants make sugar through a process called photosynthesis(光合作用). Plants use the sugar to make food. What makes “meat-eating” plants different is their bug-catching leaves. They need insects for one reason: nitrogen(氮). Nitrogen is a nutrient that they can’t obtain any other way. Why almost all green plants on our planet get nitrogen from the soil “Meat-eating” plants can’t. They live in places where nutrients are hard or almost impossible to get from the soil because of its acidity(酸度). So they’ve come to rely on getting nitrogen from insects and small animals. In fact, nutrient-rich soil is poisonous to “meat-eating” plants. Never fertilize(施肥)them! But don’t worry, either, if they never seem to catch any insects. They can survive, but they’ll grow very slowly.
小题1:According to the passage, carnivorous plants .
A.only grow in wild field | B.are rare to see |
C.are as common as flies | D.cannot grow on Antarctica |
A.its numerous long stalks | B.a container where it grows |
C.its insect-catching leaves | D.the lining of tiny trigger hairs |
A.carnivorous plants are dangerous |
B.carnivorous plants are fictional |
C.carnivorous plants occasionally eat books |
D.carnivorous plants are harmless to humans |
A.Carnivorous plants cannot grow in acid soil. |
B.Carnivorous plants can grow in nutrient-poor soil. |
C.Carnivorous plants will die if they cannot catch any insects |
D.Carnivorous plants can get nitrogen from nutrient-rich soil. |
最新试题
- 1如图,在由边长为的小正方形组成的方格纸中,有两个全等的三角形,即和。(1)请你指出在方格纸内如何运用平移、旋转变换,将重
- 2已知⊙O1和⊙O2的半径分别为3cm和4cm, 且O1 O2 = 8cm,则⊙O1与⊙O2的位置关系是( )A.外离
- 3根据首字母完成单词。1. Please make as few m__________ as you can. 2. W
- 4【题文】若函数,若,则实数的取值范围是( )A.B.C.D.
- 5读下图,回答下列问题。(10分)(1)序号代表的水循环的环节是 ② ③
- 6有一电阻值约为20Ω、额定功率约为7.2W的电阻,现准备用伏安法测量多组数据,借助I-U图象较准确地测其阻值,实验室提供
- 7在哲学史上,对于“运动”有人提出这样的观点:物质是惰性的,它的运动仅仅是在外力作用下失掉一个位置而获得另一个位置。这一观
- 8传感器在日常生活中有广泛应用,有一种开关在有声音并且光照强度低时就自动闭合,这种开关里有______传感器和______
- 9如图所示,理想变压器的副线圈上接有两个灯泡L3、L4,原线圈与两个灯泡L1、L2串联接在交流电源上.若四个灯泡完全相同,
- 10R1=5Ω,R2=7Ω,将R1、R2串联在某电路上,通过两电阻的电流之比I1∶I2= ,两电阻两端的电压之比
热门考点
- 1决定一个国家外“金砖四国”是指近年来迅速崛起的中国、俄罗斯、印度、巴西四个主要的新兴市场国家,在国际上发挥着日益重要的作
- 2 -- What a day! It"s mining again. We can"t go hiking tomorr
- 3The news has spread all over the country _____ the spaceship
- 4He helps his friends _______ their English.A. in
- 5提取材料的要点,用一句话回答问题。 有些月收入千余元的年轻人,却热衷于买一些顶级品牌的小配件,如领带、皮鞋、皮包等。有
- 6创新阅读,完成下面的问题。 荷 赵文英 ①无数次邂逅荷,从未像现在这样令我感到心灵的震撼。这个夏天,天大早
- 73xy-5x4+6x-1是关于x的______次______项式.
- 8【题文】下列函数中是奇函数的是 ( )A.y =" sinx" + 1B.y =" c
- 9在波涛汹涌的大西洋上,一艘艘满载黑奴的船只不时驶过,干这种勾当最早和后来居上的国家分别是( )A.英国和法国B.葡
- 10区分下列各组物质的两种方法都合理的是选项需区分的物质方法一方法二A硬水和软水观察是否澄清加肥皂水搅拌B氧气和二氧化碳用带