题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
The tree contains a chemical called salicin（柳醇）. From salicin, researchers in the 1800s discovered how to make salicylic acid（酸）. And in 1897, a chemist named Felix Hoffmann at Friedrich Bayer and Company in Germany created acetyl salicylic acid. Later it became the active substance in a new medicine that Bayer called aspirin. The "a" came from acetyl. The "spir" came from the spirea plant, which also produces salicin. And the "in" Well, that is a common way to end medicine names.
In 1982, a British scientist shared the Nobel Prize in Medicine in part for discovering how aspirin works. Sir John Vane found that aspirin blocks the body from making natural substances called prostaglandins（前列腺素）.Prostaglandins have several effects on the body. Some cause pain and the expansion, or swelling（ 肿瘤; 膨胀）, of damaged tissue. Others protect the lining of the stomach and small intestine. Prostaglandins also make the heart, kidneys and blood vessels （血管）work well. But there is a problem. Aspirin works against all prostaglandins, good and bad. Scientists learned how aspirin interferes with an enzyme（酶）. One form of this enzyme makes the prostaglandin that causes pain and swelling. Another form of the enzyme creates a protective effect. So aspirin can reduce pain and swelling in damaged tissues. But it can also harm the inside of the stomach and small intestine（肠）.
小题1:What sickness can the medicine from the willow deal with according to the passage?
| A．Cold | B．Toothache | C．Cancer | D．Skin disease |
| A．It results from pain. |
| B．It prevents the lining of the stomach and small intestine. |
| C．It causes blood vessels to work wrongly. |
| D．It is sometimes good but sometimes bad. |
| A．Aspirin can treat almost diseases. |
| B．Aspirin can create the protective enzyme. |
| C．Aspirin can harm the inside of the stomach and small intestine. |
| D．Aspirin can protect the inside of the stomach and small intestine. |
答案
小题1:B
小题2:D
小题3:C
解析
小题1:B 根据第一段可知这种物质可知止痛，选项中只有B是疼痛，故B正确。
小题2:D 推理题。根据第三段.Prostaglandins have several effects on the body. Some cause pain and the expansion, or swelling（ 肿瘤; 膨胀）, of damaged tissue. Others protect the lining of the stomach and small intestine. Prostaglandins also make the heart, kidneys and blood vessels （血管）work well.可知前列腺素有些方面对人有好处，有些方面对人有坏处。
小题3:C 细节题。根据文章最后一句But it can also harm the inside of the stomach and small intestine（肠）.可知C正确。
核心考点
试题【Since ancient times, people have known about its ability to reduce pain and high】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
Those who suffer from “ the autumn blue” are often extremely tired, lack energy, need more sleep, feel increased appetite and gain weight. "The exact cause of this condition, often called seasonal depression or seasonal affective disorder (SAD), is not known yet," says Chen Jue, associate professor at Shanghai Mental Health Center. "But recent studies indicate that weather change is influential and strongly suggest that this condition is caused by changes in the availability(得到) of sunlight."
One theory is that with decreased exposure to sunlight, the biological clock that regulates mood, sleep, and hormones is delayed, running more slowly in winter. Exposure to light may reset the biological clock. Another theory is that brain chemicals that transmit information between nerves, called neurotransmitters (for example, serotonin), may be altered in individuals with SAD. It is believed that exposure to light can correct these imbalances. "It is a sad season, but you can try to make it happy. Remember, spring always lives in your heart," Chen says. “Going outdoors to get some sunlight may reduce the tension that brings you the low spirits. Relax at work. Stretch, breathe deeply. Take a tea break. Think of your next vacation. Color treatment also works in handling low mood. Music also plays a role in treating autumn blues.”
小题1:Autumn blues is also called autumn________.
| A．depression | B．sunshine | C．blue music | D．cold winds |
| A．is no biological clock | B．is a real example |
| C．is no possibility | D．are some ways |
| A．The real cause for autumn blues is still unknown. |
| B．Autumn blues can be feelings of happiness. |
| C．People feel tired in autumn. |
| D．Weather doesn’t change people. |
| A．Reset the biological clock regulating mood, sleep and hormones. |
| B．Eat more food very low in calories and sugar. |
| C．Keep the balance of nerves that transmit information. |
| D．Take outdoor activities or sports. |
小题1:Before the experiment arrived at a conclusion, people had thought that the flowers would____.
| A．never open in constant darkness |
| B．change their usual time to open |
| C．open ahead of the time as they usually did |
| D．continue to open at usual time |
| A．its age and size |
| B．light and temperature |
| C．a kind of strange power(力量）inside them |
| D．some unknown information from the outside world |
| A．We"ll need less sleep or food. |
| B．We"ll be able to sleep as long as we wish to. |
| C．We"ll be able to change our work time when necessary. |
| D．We"ll have more energy to do our work better. |
| A．产生 | B．影响 | C．给予 | D．依赖 |
Some scientists believe that birds do sing some of the time just because they are happy．However, they sing most of the time for a very different reason．Their singing is actually a warning to other birds to stay out of their territory．
Do you know what a "territory" is? A territory is an area that an animal, usually the male, claims as its own ．Only he and his family are welcome there ．No other families of the same species are welcome．Your yard and house are your territory where only your family and friends are welcome．If a stranger should enter your territory and threaten you, you might shout．Probably this would be enough to frighten him away．
If so, you have actually scared the stranger away without having to fight him．A bird does the same thing．But he expects an outsider almost any time, especially at nesting （筑巢） season．So he"s screaming （高声尖叫） all the time, whether he can see an outsider or not．This screaming is what we call a bird"s song, and it is usually enough to keep an outsider away．
Birds sing loudest in the spring when they are trying to attract a mate and warn others not to enter the territory of theirs．You can see that birds have a language of their own．Most of it has something to do with attracting mates and setting up territories．
小题1:Some scientists believe that most of the time birds" singing is actually
| A．an expression of happiness |
| B．a way of warning |
| C．an expression of anger |
| D．a language of their own |
| A．A place where a bird may shout at the top of its voice． |
| B．A place where other bird families are not accepted． |
| C．An area for which birds fight against each other． |
| D．An area which a bird considers to be its own |
| A．Because their singing helps frighten outsiders away． |
| B．Because their singing helps get rid of their fears． |
| C．Because they want to find outsiders around． |
| D．Because they want to invite more bird friends． |
| A．By comparing birds with human beings． | B．By reporting experimental results． |
| C．By describing birds"daily life． | D．By telling a bird"s story． |
TV channels will have disappeared. Instead, people will choose a program from a “menu” and a computer will send the program directly to the television. Today, we can use the World Wide Web to read newspaper stories and see pictures on a computer thousands of kilometers away. By 2050, music, films, programs, newspapers, and books will come to us by computer.
Cars will run on new, clean fuels and they will go very fast. Cars will have computers to control the speed and there won’t be any accidents. Today, many cars have computers that tell drivers exactly where they are. By 2050, the computer will control the car and drive it to your destination. Space planes will take people halfway around the world in 2 hours. Today, the United States Space Shuttle can go into space and land on Earth again. By 2050, space planes will fly all over the world and people will fly from Los Angeles to Tokyo in just 2 hours.
Robots will have replaced people in factories. Many factories already use robots. Big companies prefer robots — they don’t ask for pay rises or go on strike, and they work 24 hours a day. By 2050, we will see robots everywhere — in factories, schools, offices, hospitals, shops and homes.
Medical technology will have conquered many diseases. Today, there are devices（设备）that connect directly to the brain to help people hear. By 2050, we will be able to help blind and deaf people to see and hear again.
Scientist will have discovered how to control genes（基因）. Scientists have already produced clones of animals. By 2050, scientists will be able to produce clones of people, and decide how they look, how they behave and how clever they are. Scientists will be able to do these things, but should they?
小题1:We can learn from the passage that some big companies prefer robots to human workers, because human workers __________.
| A．often ask for more pay |
| B．can work 24 hours a day |
| C．are not clever enough |
| D．are often late for work |
| A．discovered | B．treated | C．caused | D．cured |
| A．few diseases will attack people by 2050 |
| B．there will be no blind and deaf people by 2050 |
| C．medical technology will be more effective by 2050 |
| D．devices are connected directly to the brain to help people hear |
| A．The author does not support the use of cloning technology. |
| B．The author thinks human cloning is impossible. |
| C．The author does not really support the idea of human cloning. |
| D．The author is quite excited about human cloning. |
| A．Read newspapers on a computer. |
| B．Make a space shuttle to go into the land. |
| C．Use computers to control car speed. |
| D．Choose TV programs freely from a “menu”. |
This technique involves taking unrelated ideas and trying to find links between them. First，think about the problem you have to solve or the job you need to do. Then find an image，word，idea or object，for example，a candle. Write down all the ideas/words associated with candles：light，fire，matches, wax，night，silence，etc. Think of as many as you can. The next stage is to relate the ideas to the job you have to do. So imagine you want to buy a friend an original present; you could buy him tickets to a match or take him out for the night.
Imagine that normal limitations don"t exist. You have as much time/space/money，etc. as you want. Think about your goal and the new possibilities. If，for example，your goal is to learn to ski, you can now practice skiing every day of your life (because you have the time and the money). Now adapt this to reality. Maybe you can practice skiing every day in December，or every Monday in January.
Look at the situation from a different point of view. Good negotiators use this technique in business，and so do writers. Fiction writers often imagine they are the characters in their books. They ask questions: what does this character want? Why can"t she get it? What changes must she make to get what she wants? What does she dream about? If your goal involves other people, put yourself “in their shoes”. The best fishermen think like fish!
小题1:According to the passage, when we become adults, _________ .
| A．most of us are no longer creative | B．we can still learn to be more creative |
| C．we are not as imaginative as children | D．we are unwilling to be creative |
| A．setting a goal is as simple as skiing |
| B．new possibilities will soon appear |
| C．December and January are the best months for skiing. |
| D．you have every resource to achieve your goal |
| A．dress yourself like them | B．think as they would |
| C．do as they ask you to | D．put on their shoes |
| A．what do I usually do | B．what did my boss tell me to do |
| C．what are my customers" needs | D．how should I sell my products |
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