题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
“We found that the knowledge gained from success was often fleeting while knowledge from failure stuck around for years,” said professor Desai, who led the study. “But companies often ignore failure. Managers may fire people or turn over the whole workforce while they should treat the failure as a learning opportunity.”
Prof Desai compared the flights of the space shuttle Atlantis and the Challenger. During the Atlantis flight last year, a piece of insulation (绝缘体) broke off and damaged the left solid rocket booster (助推火箭) but didn’t influence the program. There was little investigation. The Challenger was launched next and another piece of insulation broke off. This time the shuttle and its seven–person crew were destroyed. The disaster led to a major investigation resulting in 29 changes to prevent future disasters.
The difference in response in the two cases came down to this: Atlantis was considered a success and the Challenger a failure.
“Despite crowded skies, airlines are extremely reliable,” he said. “The number of failures is extremely small. And past researches have shown that older airlines, those with more experience in failure, have a lower number of accidents.”
Prof Desai doesn’t recommend finding out failure in order to learn. Instead, he advises organizations to analyze small failures to collect useful information rather than wait for major failures.
小题1: Why did experts pay little attention to the problem of Atlantis?
A.Because it worked perfectly. |
B.Because the right booster was still OK. |
C.Because nothing serious happened then. |
D.Because fewer people died in the flight. |
A.their planes couldn’t fly high in the sky |
B.they gained much from experience in failure |
C.their planes were often checked by the experts |
D.they were unpopular among passengers |
A.show failure is a better teacher than success |
B.explain why Challenger failed |
C.introduce something about Prof Desai |
D.tell managers how to achieve success |
A.Giving definitions. |
B.Making comparisons. |
C.Analyzing causes. |
D.Providing different examples. |
答案
小题1:C
小题2:B
小题3:A
小题4:A
解析
试题分析:本文是一篇说明文,说明了尽管成功比失败甜美,但是失败更像一个好老师,从失败中得到教训比较多,对成功和失败进行比较、分析原因,举例说明
小题1:细节题,由第三段第二行a piece of insulation (绝缘体) broke off and damaged the left solid rocket booster (助推火箭) but didn’t influence the program可以知道答案,故选C。
小题2:细节题。由最后一段第三行those with more experience in failure,可以知道答案,所以选B。
小题3:推理题,由本文的主要意思“失败是个很好的老师”,所以选A
小题4:推理题,本文对成功和失败进行比较、分析原因,举例说明,没有下定义,所以选A
点评:做细节题的关键是找出原文的根据,认真核查题支和原文的异同,常犯错误有:绝对化语言,范围扩大或缩小,以偏概全,张冠李戴等。推断题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力,要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系,对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断;或根据作者所阐述的观点理论,对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文,完整了解信息,准确把握作者观点。
核心考点
试题【While success is surely sweeter than failure, it seems failure is a far better t】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
The fate of polar bears could be even worse than that estimate, because sea ice in the Arctic might be disappearing faster than the available computer models predict, the geological survey said in a report aimed at determining whether the big white bear should be listed as a threatened species.
“There is a definite link between changes in the sea ice and the welfare of polar bears,” said Steve Amstrup, who led the research team. He says Arctic sea ice is already at the lowest this year and is expected to retreat(退却) farther this month.
That means that polar bears—some 16,000 of them -- will disappear by 2050 from parts of the Arctic where sea ice is melting most rapidly, along the north coasts of Alaska and Russia, researchers said in a telephone briefing(简报).
Other polar bears could survive beyond that date but many of those could be gone by 2100, Amstrup said. By this century’s end, the only polar bears left might live in the Canadian Arctic islands and along the west coast of Greenland.
“It is likely to result in loss of approximately two-thirds of the world’s current polar bear population by the mid 21st century,” the report’s executive summary said.
“Because the observed trajectory(轨迹)of Arctic sea ice decline appears to be underestimated by currently available models, this assessment of future polar bear status may be conservative(保守的).”
In January, the US Fish and Wildlife Service proposed listing the polar bear as a threatened species, noting polar bears depend on sea ice as a platform to hunt seals, their main food.
Without enough sea ice, polar bears would be forced onto land, but they are poor hunters once they get out of the water and ice, the researchers said. The bears’ disappearance would probably take place as young cubs(幼兽)failed to survive to adulthood and females were unable to reproduce successfully.
小题1:What was the US Geological Survey intended to do?
A.To determine whether the polar bear was in danger. |
B.To measure how fast the sea ice melts in the Arctic. |
C.To check the predictions of the computer models. |
D.To find out the exact number of the polar bear. |
A.The pollution of the Arctic region. | B.The sea ice melting at high speed |
C.Fewer food sources being left. | D.The temperature getting colder. |
A.help young polar bears to survive the cold winter |
B.have large number of seals living in the oceans |
C.make sure there is enough sea ice in the Arctic |
D.provide chances for adult polar bears to reproduce |
When you get in your car, you reach for it.When you’re at work, you take a break to have a moment alone with it.When you get into a lift, you play with it.
Cigarettes? Cup of coffee? No, it’s the third most addictive thing in modern life, the cell phone.And experts say it is becoming more difficult for many people to curbtheir longing to hug it more tightly than most of their personal relationships.
With its shiny surface, its smooth and satisfying touch, its air of complexity, the cell phone connects us to the world even as it disconnects us from people three feet away.In just the past couple of years, the cell phone has challenged individuals, employers, phone makers and counselors(顾问)in ways its inventors in the late 1940s never imagined.
The costs are becoming even more evident, and I don’t mean just the monthly bill.Dr.Chris Knippers, a counselor at the Betty Ford Center in Southern California, reports that the overuse of cell phones has become a social problem not much different from other harmful addictions: a barrier to one-on-one personal contact, and an escape from reality.
Sounds extreme, but we’ve all witnessed the evidence: The person at a restaurant who talks on the phone through an entire meal, ignoring his kids around the table; the woman who talks on the phone in the car, ignoring her husband; the teen who texts messages all the way home from school, avoiding contact with kids all around him.
Is it just rude, or is it a kind of unhealthiness? And pardon me, but how is this improving the quality of life?
Jim Williams, an industrial sociologist based in Massachusetts, notes that cell-phone addiction is part of a set of symptoms in a widening gulf of personal separation.He points to a study by Duke University researchers that found one-quarter of Americans say they have no one to discuss their most important personal business with.Despite the growing use of phones, e-mail and instant messaging, in other words, Williams says studies show that we don’t have as many friends as our parents. “Just as more information has led to less wisdom, more acquaintances via the Internet and cell phones have produced fewer friends,” he says.
If the cell phone has truly had these effects, it’s because it has become very widespread.Consider that in 1987, there were only 1 million cell phones in use.Today, something like 300 million Americans carry them.They far outnumber wired phones in the United States.
小题1:Which of the following best explains the title of the passage?
A.Cell phone users smoke less than they used to. |
B.Cell phones have become as addictive as cigarettes. |
C.More people use cell phones than smoke cigarettes. |
D.Using cell phone is just as cool as smoking cigarettes. |
A.rescue | B.ignore | C.develop | D.control |
A.women use cell phones more often than men |
B.talking on the phone while driving is dangerous |
C.cell phones do not necessarily bring people together |
D.cell phones make one-on-one personal contact easy |
As the time approached, I felt quite 55 . On the first day I 56 fourth in the 1500m race, but I was far from 57 because what I wanted most was the highlight of the sports meeting—250×8 relay race. I would run the last leg for my team.
With a shot, the race began. All the students were 58 for their team. The competition was so 59 that I began to feel nervous. Before my turn came, my team was 60 the others. Even worse, I almost dropped the stick when I was trying to 61 it.
62 after that, there was nothing in my mind except to run as fast as possible. Just when I was approaching the finish line, my legs 63 . Then my promise came to mind again and 64 me on. To my 65 , I was the first to cross the finish line!
66 , I had proved to myself and those who had often laughed at me that I am not 67 at all! My classmates greeted me warmly and I hugged them tightly. I had won the prize as well as their 68 .
From the sports meeting, I learnt that sometimes things are not so difficult as they 69 to be. Just try your best without fear and you might be surprised at the 70 .
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For example, if you force yourself to smile or laugh, even when you don"t feel like smiling or laughing, if you keep at it for a few minutes, you will soon feel like it. Feelings can generate (导致)thoughts, but thoughts can also generate feelings. Control your thoughts and you can control your feelings. Positive thinking is important in all aspects of our lives. There is probably no single factor more important in determining your success in achieving your career objectives than your own attitude.
It"s often been said that in the land of the blind, the one-eyed man is king. And in the office of militant (好战) negativism, the positive workers shine like gold. You cannot control external events, but you can learn to control your reaction to those events and thereby have a positive attitude and be happy. This vital key to success is totally within your control. Use it.
小题1:We can infer from the passage that .
A.positive thinking can cure you of your diseases |
B.positive thinking can easily be generated by anyone |
C.a decline of hormone may cause you to be depressed |
D.a specific chemical reaction is the cause of negative thinking |
A.Feeling and thoughts can generate each other. |
B.It"s easier to control thoughts than to control feelings. |
C.Your success depends wholly on your attitude. |
D.Keeping smiling will surely make you successful. |
A.control your feeling to what is happening to you |
B.be king in your office |
C.pay no attention to what is going on around you |
D.take positive attitude in the office of militant negativism |
A.The Bad Effect of Negative Thinking | B.Why Should People Think |
C.Thinking: The Vital Way | D.Positive Thinking Benefits People |
While it’s well known that our bones need calcium, some studies suggest that high calcium intake doesn’t necessarily lower a person’s risk for fractures(骨折). A Harvard study found that people who drank two or more glasses of milk had no greater protection from breaking a bone than those who drank a glass or less a week.
There is no doubt that we need calcium. Some anti-dairy supporters claim dairy products can lead to heart disease. Much of this claim is based on high-fat dairy products, like cheese and cream, which may indeed lead to some health problems. Some studies have linked high milk intakes with a risk of prostate cancer; this seems also to be caused by high-fat dairy products, but not by dairy products in general.
Although milk has always been regarded as the most important thing we need for our bones, one of the most important things in strengthening bones and reducing the risk of osteoporosis(骨质疏松)is weight-bearing exercise, such as jogging, walking, and weight lifting.
Perhaps we should think of dairy products as less like a nutrient and more like a food. If you like it, eat it. If not, find something else to eat. Some claims may not be completely true. When I eat cream, I’m not thinking about calcium, protein, or any such thing. I’m thinking it is delicious.
小题1:What is the best title for this passage?
A.Milk: is it really necessary for children? | B.The disadvantages of drinking milk. |
C.Milk causes health problems. | D.Milk: is it really good for the body? |
A.avoid milk with Vitamin D and Vitamin A added |
B.spend some time exercising |
C.take in as much calcium as possible |
D.drink more than two glasses of milk every day |
A.milk is the most important thing that we need for our bones |
B.children should not be permitted to eat cream |
C.milk should be considered more like a food than a nutrient |
D.children should drink milk whether they like it or not |
A.Some dairy products may harm our health. |
B.Milk has the highest level of protein of any food. |
C.The writer seldom drank milk when he was young |
D.People who drink milk every day are at a high risk of getting a heart disease. |
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